Q2 G8 MAPEH M2 PDF

# MAPEH ## Quarter 2 - Module 2 ### Team Sports: Basketball **Government Property** **NOT FOR SALE** **Physical Education and Health 8** **Alternative Delivery Mode** **Quarter 2-Module: Team Sports: Basketball** **First Edition, 2020** **Responsible Parenthood for a Healthy Family Life** **Repu...

# MAPEH ## Quarter 2 - Module 2 ### Team Sports: Basketball **Government Property** **NOT FOR SALE** **Physical Education and Health 8** **Alternative Delivery Mode** **Quarter 2-Module: Team Sports: Basketball** **First Edition, 2020** **Responsible Parenthood for a Healthy Family Life** **Republic Act 8293**, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. **Published by the Department of Education** **Secretary:** **Undersecretary:** **Assistant Secretary:** **Development Team of the Module** **Authors:** Jean S. Ambag, Ariel Delos Santos **Editor:** Jaypee T. Cafe **Reviewers:** Dr. Fatima T. Yusingbo, Gilbert Cerezo, Dave Renath Baguio **Illustrator:** **Layout Artist:** **Management Team:** MAPEH Department **Printed in the Philippines by** **Department of Education** - Schools Division of Las Piñas **Office Address:** 309 Diego Cera Ave., Pulang Lupa I, Las Piñas, 1742 Metro Manila **Telefax:** 822-3840; 835-9030 loc. 102 **E-mail Address:** [email protected] ## Lesson 1 ### Physical Fitness Good day, Eighth Graders! Congratulations! You had passed the first quarter and now we are in the second phase of the school year. Now you are ready to learn another team sport at home. This module will assist you in continuing learning sports as we stay home. **LEARNING COMPETENCIES** In this module you are expected to: - Conduct physical activity and physical fitness. (PE8PF-Illa-36) - Prepare a physical activity program (PE8PF-IIc-27) **WEEK 5 DAY 1-4** **What's In** Physical Fitness is the ability to do daily tasks without undue fatigue and having time to enjoy leisure and having extra energy for cases of emergency. It has two categories. Namely, Health - related Fitness and Skill - related Fitness. Health related Fitness components focus on factors that promote optimum health. While Skill - related Fitness components focus on factors that enhance one's capability in sport. **Health-related Fitness Components:** - **Cardiovascular Fitness** - the ability of the heart and circulatory system to supply oxygen to muscles for an extended period of time. - **Muscular Strength and Endurance** – the muscle's ability to produce effort or perform work. - **Flexibility** - the ability to move in a wide range of motion. - **Body Composition** - the ratio of body fat to lean muscle mass. **Skill-related Fitness Components:** - **Agility** - the ability to change direction with swiftness in movement. - **Balance** - a state of equilibrium. - **Power** - the ability to exert maximum force in a short period of time. - **Speed** - the ability to move from one place to another in a shortest possible time. - **Coordination** – the teaming of different parts of the body. - **Reaction Time** - the time lapse between a stimulus and the initial action of the body. **The Physical Fitness Test:** **Skill-related Fitness Tests:** - **40 meter Sprint** - **Purpose:** To measure running speed. - **Materials:** Stopwatch and Running area with known measurement (40 m) - **Standing Long Jump** - **Purpose:** To measure the explosive strength and power of the leg muscles. - **Materials Needed:** Jumping Area, tape measure/meter stick - **Hexagon Agility Test** - **Purpose:** To measure the ability of the body to move in different directions quickly. - **Materials Needed:** Tape measure/meter stick; stopwatch; chalk/masking tape - **Stick Drop Test** - **Purpose:** To measure the time to respond to a stimulus. - **Materials Needed:** Meter Stick; armchair or table and chair - **Juggling** - **Purpose:** To measure the coordination of the eyes and hands - **Material/s Needed:** Sipa - **Stork Balance Stand Test** - **Purpose:** To assess one's ability to maintain equilibrium - **Materials Needed:** flat non - slip surface; stopwatch **What's New** **Physical Activity** – means any movement of the body that uses energy. This may vary from low to moderate to vigorous intensity. **What is It** **Examples of Physical Activities:** - Exercising - Gardening - Doing Household Chores - Walking - Running - Playing Physical Sports - Climbing the stairs - Doing Outdoor Activities, etc. **What's More** In preparing your physical activity, it is important to follow the **FITT Principle**. **FITT Principle** - these principles help us to create exercises that would suit our needs for our wellness. - **Frequency** - the number of times we perform exercises in a week. For example: 3 times a week of moderate exercise. - **Intensity** - how difficult the physical activity that you will perform. It may be light, moderate or vigorous. - **Time** - the duration of exercise we perform on a given session. Like 20 - 30 minutes per session. - **Type** - physical activities should be varied. Cardiovascular exercise (for the heart and lungs) strength training (such as weightlifting) and/or flexibility exercises (e.g. stretching, bending, etc.) **What I Have Learned** Physical activity does not only pertain to exercises we do in school. It also refers to any body movement that we do daily at home, in school or anywhere else. Physical activities follow the FITT principle. Also, being fit physically, emotionally and mentally will help us develop a strong immunity against various kinds of diseases. This way we can help our country fight the Covid 19. Let us help our nation heal through our simple share. ## Lesson 2 ### Team Sports: Basketball Who among us really are not familiar with basketball? In our country, anywhere you go you will find people playing this game. Even in the most remote area, Filipinos will find way to play this game. Here in Las Piñas, court where Las Piñeros enjoy playing the game. Boys and even girls, young ones and the young once too, love to play this sport. But do we really know the origin of this most loved sport? In this module, you will learn not only the skills needed for this sport but the history, facilities and equipment as well as simple rules that we should remember. **LEARNING COMPETENCIES** In this module you are expected to: - Describe the nature and background of the game basketball. (PE8GS-IId-1) - Execute the basic skills in basketball. (PE8GS-lld-h-4) **WEEK 6 DAY 1-4** **What's In** **SKILLS with BALLS:** Look at the pictures below. Can you tell the sports related to them? **What's New** **Brief History of Basketball** - Dr. James Naismith is the inventor of the game basketball. As you can see in the image, this is the peach basket he hangs at both ends of the gymnasium to serve as the basket. And the ball he is holding was adapted from a soccer ball. - The original basketball court where Dr. James Naismith hung a peach basket on a gym balcony. This is the birthplace of basketball. Springfield, Massachusetts, USA in 1891. - The team is composed of nine players in which they can pass, bat or throw the ball until it gets into the peach basket hanged on the one balcony of the gymnasium. The object of the game is to shoot the ball into the opponent's basket. - There were only 13 rules in basketball created by Dr. James Naismith. **What is It** **THE FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT** - **The Court** - the dimension of the court is 28m X 15m. - **The Ball** - spherical in shape made of rubber. Size 5 is for Junior; Size 6 is usually for Girls Basketball; and Size 7 is for 13 yrs. and up boys. - **The Backboard and the Hoops/Ring** - The height of the hoops from the ground is 3.05m. The backboard - its measurement is 1.83 m x 1.22 m on the outer most square while the inner most square has a measurement of 0.61 m x .45 m. - **The Scoreboard** - contains the points earned by both teams, team fouls committed by the team, the period of the match, the time duration of the game. **What's More** In order to play a game, it is essential to learn the basic skills of the sport. But these pandemic times, that going out is not allowed... we will practice these basic skills inside the walls of our very own home. For those who have a ball, you may ask a family member to assist you. For those who do not have a ball, then just like what we did in volleyball, we will practice the skill using the shadow technique. **BASIC SKILLS IN BASKETBALL** - **SHOOTING** – the most practice and essential skill in basketball. In order to win a game, we must score higher than our opponent. And we can only achieve this through shooting. - **Jump Shot** - **Lay-Up** - **Hook Shot** - **Three - point Shot** - **DRIBBLING** - the skill that allows a player to move around the court while in the possession of the ball. - **High Bounce** - **Double Speed Dribbles** - **Crossover Dribble** - **In Between Legs Dribble** - **PASSING** - since basketball is a team game, all players must be involved in the object to win the game. This skill maximizes the movement of the ball. Players are involved in setting up a play. - **Air Pass** - **Bounce Pass** - **REBOUNDING** a skill that enables the player to jump with power to gain possession of the ball as it bounces to the rim after a failed shot. - **RUNNING** - another important skill for a basketball player. Because in this sport, speed defines the best. **What I Have Learned** 1. The object of the game basketball is to shoot the ball into the opponent's basket. 2. The game was invented by a Canadian Clergy who works as a Physical Educator in YMCA, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA in 1891. 3. The game is played nine players in the court where they can bat, pass or throw the ball into a hanged peach basket at balcony of the gymnasium. 4. They followed 13 rules. 5. The facility in basketball is the basketball court that measures 28m x 15m. 6. The equipment includes: - The hoops - The backboard - The rings and the net - The ball - The scoreboard 7. The most essential and practiced skill is shooting. 8. Dribbling allows a player to move around the court with the ball. 9. The three other basic skill in basketball are passing, rebounding and running. 10. There are only two kinds of passing: Air Pass and Bounce Pass 11. Rebounding is the ability of a player to jump with power to get possession of the ball. 12. Running is also important because speed defines the best in this sport. # HEALTH ## Quarter 2 - Module 2 ### Responsible Parenthood for a Healthy Family Life **Government Property** **NOT FOR SALE** **Content Standard** Demonstrates an understanding of responsible parenthood for a healthy family life **Performance Standard:** Makes informed and values-based decisions in preparation for responsible parenthood ## Lesson 1 ### Family Health: Courtship, Dating and Marriage Dating and courting are essential for gaining a realistic understanding of the type of person you want to be with your eventual partner. Consider why you want to date someone and what you hope to get out of a relationship with them. **LEARNING COMPETENCIES (H8FH-Ila-24- H8FH-Ila-27)** In this module you are expected to: - Explain the definition and importance of courtship and dating in choosing a lifelong partner. - Analyze behaviors that promote healthy relationship in marriage and family life. **WEEK 7 Day 1-4** **What's In** Family is an essential component of our daily lives. It aids us in the development of our personalities. It also assists us in molding our lives. It instills in us the importance of honesty, love, and integrity, as well as providing us with the tools we need to succeed. Do you know how your parents met and how your family came to be? Were you able to inquire about their romantic life? Family is seen as a haven where you may be yourself. It's a place where you're accepted exactly as you are. This is a place where you may be entirely relaxed and where everyone is willing to assist you. When you are surrounded by problems, your family will inspire you. It helps you get through difficult moments while also bringing joy and happiness into your life. Most people today are unaware of the value of family and prefer to spend most of their time with their friends. When they are confronted with issues, however, it is their family who assists them in finding solutions. When even our closest friends refuse to aid us, it is our family who will. As a result, it is critical for everyone to prioritize family above everything else and to enjoy spending time with family members. Have you ever pictured yourself dating, courting, and eventually marrying someone? **What's New** **Courtship** is the period in a couple's relationship that occurs before their engagement and marriage, or it is the beginning of a longer lasting relationship. During courtship, a couple gets to know each other and decides whether they want to marry. A courtship can be a casual and private engagement between two people, a public event, or a formal arrangement with family approval. **IMPORTANCE OF COURTSHIP** It provides an opportunity and time to learn more about the character and background of one's prospective life partner. - Courting allows you to get to know each other better. - It exposes a person's passions, likes, and dislikes, restrictions, and other life goals. - It gives couples the option of deciding whether they want to be committed. - It enables couples to determine whether they are ready to commit. - It promotes safety. - It fosters comprehension and acceptance. **WHAT IS DATING?** **DATING** is a social activity which involves two or more people generally assessing each other's suitability for a potential relationship. This can also be fun while you're already in a committed relationship. The term "dating" refers to the process of setting up a meeting time and date. Dating is a type of courting that involves two people engaging in social activities as a partner in an intimate relationship or as a spouse. This refers to the act of meeting and engaging in some mutually agreed upon social activity, together, as a couple. **TYPES OF DATING** - **Standard date** – involves two people. - **Double date** - two couples go on a date at the same time and place. - **Group date** - several couples can enjoy a date. **WHY DATING IS IMPORTANT?** - Because dating forms affection and respect which strengthens the relationship. - Because it gives quality time to each other. - Because it leads one to observe the other person's character. - Because dating allows a person to learn about his or her own strengths and shortcomings when dealing with people of the opposing sex. - Dating in a relationship is important because it allows you to get to know the person you are in a relationship with, while having a good time. - Dating helps to reveal any potential problems you may have if pursuing a more serious relationship with a person, and it sets the foundation for marriage. **ENGAGEMENT** Engagement is a period set aside for two people in love to get to know each other and their families well enough to ensure that they are ready and matched for a lifetime of companionship. It provides an opportunity to hone interpersonal skills that are helpful both before and after marriage. It is a period for understanding and dedicating a significant amount of time to exploring each other's strengths and flaws so that they can adjust to one another. **MARRIAGE** Marriage is the most enjoyable human relationship. It is the most significant event that may happen to your life. It takes only two people, a man, and a woman to unite and make a successful relationship as married couple. It is a lifelong partnership of a man and a woman, two unique individuals, who understand, respect, care, and love each other. It is a bond between two people who continue to grow and develop their best qualities as human beings. Getting married is not a mere contract but an inviolable social institution. Its nature, consequences and practices are governed by law and not subject to stipulation except that the marriage settlements may to a certain extent fix the property relations during the marriage. (Civil Code of the Philippines) It is a cherished institution under which man and woman believe in one faith and children are conceived, raised, and nourished to become useful and productive citizens of the country and the world. It is essential to the continuity of humanity. **RECIPE / INGREDIENTS OF SUCCESSFUL MARRIAGE** - Love - Understanding / Respect - Care - Loyalty - A Shared Philosophy - Cooperation **Activity 1. WORDS TO KEEP IN MIND AND HEART** Directions: Fill-in the table with words you remember about Courting, Dating and Marriage. **What is It** After learning and understanding what courting, dating and engagement are, it is best to remember that love, understanding, respect, care, loyalty, shared philosophy, and cooperation are the basic ingredients to achieve successful Marriage. Now, study the factors that contribute to a successful marriage. Factors Necessary to Consider in choosing a lifetime partner to work out for Successful Married Life - **Maturity** - Can make good decisions - Responsible in handling relationships - **Fidelity** - Can make the relationship lasting - Sincere and true to his / her promises - Considers relationships sacred - **Commitment** - Can make peaceful and lasting relationship - Dedicated in fulfilling his / her responsibilities - **Love** - Strengthens relationship - Understands one is partner - Enduring - **Economic Readiness** - Aims for better future of the family - Financially stable - Good provider for the needs of the family - **Physical Maturity** - Proud of having good partner - Have healthy body - **Character** - Responsible and honest - Hard-working and industrious - Respectful and compassionate - God-fearing Knowing what a person goes through as an adolescent is crucial. It is critical as an adolescent to understand what a person goes through before choosing the correct partner. You must still go through steps before finding the person with whom you want to spend the rest of your life. You can't marry someone you've only met once. That is why dating, and courtship exist to assist you in finding your ideal life partner. locating the appropriate individual, you must still go through steps before finding the person with whom you want to spend the rest of your life. You can't marry someone you've only met once. Dating and romance exist for this reason. You've studied about the elements that make a marriage work. Marriage serves as a foundation for the formation of a family, which is the social unit. A solid marriage makes a couple more capable of raising a child. **Being a responsible parent begins with the decision to have a kid. You will learn how to be responsible parents one day by understanding what happens before, during, and after pregnancy in this course. While this lecture is geared at females because only females can become pregnant, males should be aware of these maternal health risks so that they can better care for their female partners.** A couple's desire after marriage is to start a family. Sexual reproduction is the only way for humans to reproduce. In this type of reproduction, a man's and a woman's reproductive cells combine to form a new human cell. Fertilization is the term for this procedure. Fertilization is the union of the egg cell and sperm cell. Implantation is the attachment of the fertilized egg cell developing cells to the wall of uterus. Embryo- developing human from the time that the ovum and the sperm cell unite until the end of the 8th week Embryo. Fetus- developing human from the 8th week until birth. A normal pregnancy generally lasts until 9 months or 38-40 weeks. **What's More** **FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE PREGNANCY** Having a child is a blessing and a great burden at the same time. It's a blessing because not everyone is capable of conceiving. It is, however, a great responsibility because many things must be considered to become a responsible parent. Parents-to-be must be emotionally, physically, psychologically, and financially prepared. Factors such as the woman's health, age, time, and economic advantage all influence the pregnancy's outcome. Pregnancy and childbirth have a significant impact on the mother's overall health as well as the health of her family. There are some things to think about before getting pregnant so that having a child is a blessing rather than a burden. **1. WOMAN'S HEALTH** Illnesses or physical issues such as heart disease and hypertension can have a significant impact on a woman's decision to become pregnant. This is due of the possibility of future difficulties affecting the infant. Because it's difficult to tell when a woman is ovulating or fertile, having an irregular menstrual cycle could be an issue. **1. AGE** A woman's best chance of becoming pregnant is usually when she is in her 20s. While her chances of having a kid are better while she is young, adolescent pregnancies are more dangerous for both the mother and the infant. When a woman reaches her 30s, her odds of becoming pregnant begin to dwindle. **2. TIME** If, despite the couple's sexual efforts, the woman is still not pregnant after a year, it's time to seek medical aid. A fertility test may be recommended by the doctor for the couple. Infertility treatments may be provided by the doctor to assist the couple in conceiving. However, there are cases where a woman conceives after a year. Not being able to conceive. **3. INCOME OR ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE** When a woman conceives, the couple should anticipate that the pregnancy will be costly. Expenses range from purchasing vitamins to be consumed while pregnant to frequent medical check-ups throughout the pregnancy and till birth. To avoid difficulties, the couple should not forego vital prenatal care. Similarly, the couple should budget for medical expenses associated with the baby's delivery, especially if the infant is born through caesarean section, which is more expensive than a regular delivery. **Activity 2. I WILL KEEP THIS IN MIND** Directions: In your own words, give reasons why do you have to consider the given factors before pregnancy. **MATERNAL HEALTH CONCERNS DURING PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH** If the woman has a regular menstrual cycle (when her period comes every month), the absence of a menstrual period is the earliest indicator of pregnancy. The issue is that not every missing menstruation indicates pregnancy. Stress, excessive physical activity, and illness are all factors that might cause a woman to miss her period. Other factors to look for in females include breast soreness, exhaustion, nausea, decrease in appetite, morning sickness, and vomiting. The woman can utilize over-the-counter pregnancy kits to confirm that she is indeed pregnant. It's also beneficial to contact an obstetrician-gynecologist (OB-gyn) to confirm the pregnancy. The younger the lady, the more dangerous the pregnancy. Getting pregnant at a young age may be unwise due to a variety of variables that could make the pregnancy more difficult. Adults, too, may face problems during their pregnancy. Both the mother and the baby may have physical and mental issues. Pre-existing medical conditions may worsen because of pregnancy, or new medical concerns may occur. Some of the difficulties that a woman may have during her pregnancy are listed below. 1. **URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI)** - This condition is caused by bacterial infection in the urinary tract. Symptoms of UTI include burning or painful sensation while urinating, fever, chills, fatigue, discomfort around the belly, and foul odor in the urine. To treat this condition, the doctor may prescribe an antibiotic that is safe for the baby. 2. **HYPERTENSION OR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE** - Hypertension may put the mother and the baby at risk. Several other maternal complications may happen, such as pre-eclampsia, placental abruption (When the placenta separates from the uterus's wall before childbirth), and gestational diabetes. Preterm delivery (a condition wherein the infant is born small for his or her gestational age) and infant death may also result if this condition is not properly monitored. If the woman already has hypertension prior to pregnancy, she needs to disclose this with her doctor so that necessary precautions and treatment will be given. 3. **GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM)** - When a woman develops GDM during pregnancy, several other pregnancy complications may result, such as preeclampsia, early delivery, and caesarean birth. The baby, on the other hand, may be born with low sugar level jaundice, and breathing problems. GDM happens when the sugar and starches in the body are not processed well. The doctor may prescribe a healthy meal plan and physical activity to control the blood sugar level. 4. **ECTOPIC PREGNANCY** – This condition happens when the embryo develops in the fallopian tube or another location in the abdomen. Symptoms include cramping, severe abdominal pain, and spotting. The woman needs to undergo surgery to remove the embryo. 5. **MISCARRIAGE** – Miscarriage or pregnancy loss is a natural death of a fetus before it can develop and survive on its own. This may be caused by a medical condition either at the fetus or in the pregnant female. Cramping, severe abdominal pain, spotting, and vaginal bleeding are some of the common symptoms of a miscarriage. 6. **STILLBIRTH** – Stillbirth is the birth of a baby that does not show any signs of life after 20 weeks of pregnancy. This may be caused by a medical condition or a complication in the baby or the woman. **MATERNAL HEALTH CONCERNS AFTER PREGNANCY** Following the discussion of potential medical issues or complications that may arise during pregnancy, you should also be prepared for scenarios that may arise following delivering. In terms of child rearing, these are the highs and lows. Once the baby is born, becoming a parent will be complete; therefore, must understand the following make sure that the newly born is healthy. - The Importance of Postnatal Care - The Newborn Protocol - The Newborn Screening **DO NOT FORGET:** - **Obstetrician-gynecologist (Ob-gyne)** - is a physician who specializes in women's health. The female body experiences many different biological functions, including menstruation, childbirth, and menopause. OB-GYNs provide care for all of this and more. - **UTI**- also called bladder infection, is a bacterial inflammation in the urinary tract. - **Pre-eclampsia**- is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and kidneys. **What I Have Learned** Following the discussion, has your perspective on the significance of courtship and dating in selecting a lifelong mate changed? Answer the helpful questions below to express your thought. In your activity notebook, write down your answers. - What is the difference of courtship and dating? - Why courtship and dating important? - As a responsible adolescent, how would you prevent the risk effects of dating? ## Lesson 2 ### Responsible Parenthood Preconception care aims to eliminate risk factors that may affect future pregnancies by offering education, health promotion, screening, and interventions to women of reproductive age. Women who start prenatal care early in their pregnancy have better outcomes than those who receive little or no treatment during their pregnancy. This is one of the first steps of showing responsible parenthood. **LEARNING COMPETENCIES (H8FH-Ile-f-31-H8FH-lig-h-41)** In this module you are expected to: - explain the importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy - discuss the importance of newborn screening, and the APGAR scoring system for newborns - explain the importance of prenatal care and post-natal care - discuss the essential newborn protocol (Unang Yakap) and advantages of breastfeeding for both mother and child - analyze the importance of responsible parenthood **WEEK 8 Day 1-4** **What's In** **IMPORTANCE OF MATERNAL NUTRITION** Maternal nutritional status has a substantial impact on the health development of her kids during early embryogenesis, pregnancy, birth, and nursing, and then determines health during growth and even adulthood. The relevance of maternal nutrition extends into the time before conception at the other end of the human lifetime scale: Nutritional status before conception has an impact on not just fertility but also embryogenesis and long-term health. Intrauterine adaptations to lethal starvation can result in a predisposition to coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. As a result, women's nutrition during their reproductive years should be optimized. According to **REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9288 AN ACT PROMULGATING A COMPREHENSIVE POLICY AND A NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR ENSURING NEWBORN SCREENING**, newborn babies should undergo a newborn screening. Newborn means a child from the time of complete delivery to 30 days old. **NEWBORN SCREENING** Newborn Screening (NBS) is a simple procedure to find out if the baby has a congenital metabolic disorder that may lead to mental retardation or even death if left untreated. **Importance of newborn screening** Most babies with metabolic disorders look "normal" at birth. By doing NBS, metabolic disorders may be detected even before clinical signs and symptoms are present. And because of this, treatment can be given early to prevent consequences of untreated conditions. **What's New** Optimizing nutrition for women during their reproductive period can be expected to have a great impact on the well-being of the next generation. The APGAR scoring system for newborns is the very first test given to the newborn right after birth. It determines how well the baby tolerated the birthing process, and the five - minute score informs the doctor of the baby's performance outside of the mother's womb. **THE IMPORTANCE OF PRENATAL CARE AND POST-NATAL CARE** - **Prenatal or prenatal care** is a type of preventive health care delivered to a pregnant woman and her unborn child. If a woman suspects she is pregnant, she should seek prenatal care as soon as possible. Following the confirmation, the doctor would plan regular visits or check-ups with her throughout the pregnancy. This is referred to as routine prenatal care. - **Prenatal care** is necessary especially during the first three trimesters (first three months) of the pregnancy. - **Prenatal care** can prevent diseases that can cause and are caused by premature births. - **Postnatal care** is the care or treatment given to both the mother and her baby after the delivery. During this period, the mother undergoes physical and emotional changes while learning to care for her baby. Postnatal care for the mother involves, but not limited to, getting proper rest, nutrition, and vaginal care. **Essential Newborn Protocol** - **The Unang Yakap Campaign**, also known as the Essential Newborn Care (ENC) Protocol, was launched by the Department of Health (DOH) on December 7, 2009. This is in response to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) goal of halving under-five child mortality by 2015 by two-thirds. - **BREASTFEEDING** It is the traditional and ideal form of infant feeding, meeting an infant's nutritional need for his first four to six months. This is supported by Republic Act No. 7600 This Act shall be known as "The Rooming- In and Breast-Feeding Act of 1992 - The advantages of breastfeeding are: - It is economical and nutritious - It promotes emotional bonding between the child and the mother. - Mother's milk has an antibody that protects the infant from certain diseases. **4. IMMUNIZATION** is the process by which a human or animal becomes more resistant to disease by boosting their immune response. Vaccination, on the other hand, is a type of immunization in which the body learns to detect a specific foreign object (active immunization). Nutrition is important for maternal and child health, and it is well acknowledged that good nutrition early in life is the foundation for long-term health. A healthy maternal diet, as well as proper maternal body composition, metabolism, and placental food delivery, minimizes the risk of maternal, fatal, and long-term impacts in the offspring. The greatest nourishment for neonates and infants is breast milk. As a result of the pregnancy and blood loss after childbirth, a nursing woman's nutritional resources may be depleted to some extent. Lactation increases dietary requirements, owing to the loss of nutrients through colostrum and then breast milk. Breastfeeding mothers must increase their food intake to maintain excellent nutritional status. **What is It** **Family Life: Responsible Parenthood** In a traditional Filipino family, the father is the family's leader and provider, while the mother oversees the family's domestic requirements as well as the emotional development and value formation of the children. Their children treat them differently since they undertake different tasks. Children see their mothers as gentle and peaceful, whereas they consider their fathers as strong and the family's most important person. However, the family structure is changing right now. Parenting is regarded as one of the most challenging tasks because the parent is responsible for shaping the life of a child. Parenting also entails instilling principles and establishing discipline. Even though it will be a few more years before you become a parent, this class will provide you with an overview of what it will need to become a responsible parent in the future. **Responsible Parenthood** As defined in the Directional Plan of POPCOM, it is the will and ability of parents to respond to the needs and aspirations of the family and children. The husband and wives share responsibility for determining and achieving the desired number, spacing, and timing of their children based on their own family life goals, considering psychological readiness, health, socio-cultural, and economic problems. **Factors to Consider When Thinking of Parenthood** - Happiness and stability of the marriage - Physical and emotional readiness of both partners for parenthood - Financial Stability **WHAT IS PARENTHOOD?** - It is the state of being a parent means being a father or mother of the biological child. - A great responsibility or task - Not a role which can be successfully played based on chance - A status where responsible couples arrive at after deciding to have **WHAT ARE THE DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PARENTS?** - Provide physical care and love - Inculcate discipline - Develop social competence - Provide education - Train children to become good citizens - Teach children to be financially responsible - Guide children to grow spiritually **FAMILY SIZE** This refers to the number of persons in the family. This may include parents and children, but it may also include members of the extended family (e.g., aunts, uncles, grandparents) and sometimes people who are not related by genes. **Effects of Smaller Family** - More parental attention and love for the children. - Happier and more emotionally stable - Financial stable - More time, energy, and money left for other pursuits - Children tend to be well- nourished, heavier, and healthier. **Effects of Bigger Family** - Nutritional intake per member tends to be smaller, malnutrition tends to be higher. - Disadvantaged in terms of physical development - Prone to infection and parasite infestations - Exercise self-deprivation and sacrifice. - Still competition among siblings **Effects of Family Size on Health** - **Nutritional Status** -the state of the body with respect to each nutrient and to overall state of the body weight and condition. - **Morbidity**- exit from a state of physical or psychological well-being resulting from disease, illness, injury, or sickness. - **Risk Behaviors**- specific forms of behavior which are proven to be associated with increased susceptibility to a specific disease or ill-health. - **Utilization of Health Services**-experience of people as to their receipt of health care services of different types. **What's More** You have a vital role to play in your community by assisting people in selecting a contraceptive technique that is both personally and medically suitable. It's crucial to grasp the many techniques and strategies for preventing undesired or unplanned pregnancy to achieve this properly. Natural and artificial (contemporary) contraceptive methods are broadly