English for Academic and Professional Purposes PDF

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES Language and Text Structure ACROSS  Language and Text Structure ACROSS MATHEMAT BUSINE SOCIAL ICS DISCIPLINES SS...

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES Language and Text Structure ACROSS  Language and Text Structure ACROSS MATHEMAT BUSINE SOCIAL ICS DISCIPLINES SS SCIENCE NATURAL L I TERATURE AND SCIENCE ARTS Page 03 of 15 TEX T Its most prominent language is the use of symbol It often uses letters with special meaning to stand for the variables of the unknown nouns could be numbers or expressions with numbers and the verb could be the equal sign 3 is the square root of 9 + 3 equals or is the same as the square root of 9 10 is less than 15 = regular meaning of 'is' 5 is a prime number = 5 is an example of a prime number TEX Special meanings were assigned to symbols and TS expressions ordinary words used have different meanings from the ordinary language The term "universe" refers to the total count of the subjects The dominant structure of math texts is problem-solution by which a short description of the situation is given and the problem is posed as a question TEX Uses jargon and compound nouns as standard TS expressions one must be familiar with the standard forms, conventions, and established practices Even if the content of communication is negative - the communication must be polite Common text structures in business communication are problem-solution in which the cause/s of a problem situation is/are explained , followed by the company's proposed solution TEX Requires knowledge of jargon of its TS specific disciplines Graphs and tables are common features of social science readings Text structures or thought patterns common in social sciences are definition and example, recount of event, cause-effect, comparison and contrast TEX Technical words such as physics, chemistry, biology TS symbols (ph, NaCl, and CO2) are common Understanding technical terms requires one to know prefixes, root words, and suffixes Diagrams and drawings are also characteristics of science texts Typical sentences are dense which requires slow reading for comprehension and retention of facts TEX Contains dominant use of connotative language TS and figures of speech Vivid language is used to create images and expressions The importance given to language and structure is due to the value attached to a work's "Style" These texts may not have a one-to-one correspondence between the situation it depicts and reality as you know it Common structures in literature and arts are definition, description, example, and cause- effect which may be in the form of recount English for Academic and Professional Purposes MAKIN G AN OUTLIN What is an OUTLINE? Before you begin writing the first draft of your essay, it is best to make an outline. An outline is a general plan of what you are going to write. You can compare making an outline to drawing plans to build a house. Before one begins to build a house, it is best to draw up plans to make sure that a house is built in the way you want. The same is true with writing an essay and making an outline.  Benefits of Outlining An outline will help make your essay more organized. A careful plan will help your body paragraphs stay focused on the ideas in your thesis statement. An outline saves time for writers. Preparing an outline can take time, but when you are finished, you will be able to write the rough draft of your essay more quickly than if you didn’t have an outline. Example of an Outline  Example of an Outline In a formal outline, Roman numerals can be used to represent paragraphs. Capital letters can be used to represent supporting details for the paragraphs.  Example of an Outline In a formal outline, Roman numerals can be used to represent paragraphs. Capital letters can be used to represent supporting details for the paragraphs. The Process Thesis Statement To begin an outline, you need to start with your thesis statement. The thesis statement will be your guide throughout the process of writing your essay. From the thesis statement, you can begin writing the topic sentences for the body paragraphs in the outline. The Process Topic Sentences The topic sentence for each body paragraph should support the thesis statement. The topic sentences need to agree with the main idea or subpoints in the thesis statement; otherwise, the essay could be confusing. The Process Topic Sentences The Process Supporting details Under the topic sentence for each paragraph, list some of the supporting details, examples, or ideas you want to include in each paragraph. Example Outline English for Academic and Professional Purposes Does this make sense? Does this make sense? Homeless people have many problems. In winter, it’s hard to stay warm and it gets too hot in summer. It’s also hard to keep things safe without a home. Worst is the lack of privacy. Homeless people have many problems. In winter, it’s hard to stay warm and it gets too hot in summer. It’s also hard to keep things safe without a home. Worst is the lack of privacy.  “The students had fun on their field trip. They visited the Marine Museum. They were able to tour a tug boat and they bought souvenirs in the gift shop. After the tours they ate a picnic lunch in the park and played with their friends.” “The Native Americans used the trees to build their houses. They hunted and trapped animals in the forest for food. They found roots and berries that they could eat. Some plants found in the forest were used for medicine.”  “Maria offered to help her mother clean the house. She vacuumed the living room and dusted the furniture. She picked up the toys in the playroom. She ate a ham sandwich for lunch. Then, she mopped the kitchen floor.” “Winter provides the opportunity for many outdoor activities. Many people enjoy ice skating on a pond. Swimming in the pond in summer can also be fun. Skiing can be a thrilling experience too. After a new snowfall, you can even build a snowman!” What is the Main Idea? What is the Main Idea? It is on the Niagara River halfway between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Niagara Falls is located on the American and Canadian border. Niagara Falls is one of the most beautiful sights in North America. The American Falls is 167 feet high.On the Canadian side, the Horseshoe Falls is 161 feet high. The Statue of Liberty is visited by thousands of people every year. The Statue of Liberty is a 151 foot statue of woman holding a book and a torch. It was a gift of friendship from the people of France. It has become the universal symbol for freedom  Summary is a short or Paraphrase is a restatement and abbreviated version of a longer a restructuring of ideas for the text purpose of clarifying the meaning of a text.  Highlights key points Fully rewritten text Provide an overview Absolutely original Focus on core details Edited and reformatted Avoids vagueness Flawless grammar