Purposive Communication Models PDF

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION (TERM 1) REVIEWER - Cristel Ann C. Despi OV1-5 COMMUNICATION PROCESSES (LESSON 1) Models of Communication Transactional Model Transmission Model  The most sophisticated form  Com...

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION (TERM 1) REVIEWER - Cristel Ann C. Despi OV1-5 COMMUNICATION PROCESSES (LESSON 1) Models of Communication Transactional Model Transmission Model  The most sophisticated form  Communication is presented as very linear, simple  Communication is not just sending messages, but it is creating  One-way social realities (social realities- the community we are in, the No response is expected norms, rules, culture, multi-culture) Ex. recorded lecture  Communicator, not sender or receiver graduation speech  We communicate in PRINCIPLES  ENCODING- translating thoughts into communication Communication Principles  DECODING- translating communication into thoughts 1. Communication is integrated into all parts of our lives.  CHANNEL - refers to the method used to help the flow of 2. Communication meets our needs. information 3. Communication is a process.  NOISE- is anything that interferes with the interpretation of a 4. Communication is guided by culture and context. message. 5. Communication is learned. The 4 TYPES of NOISE in communication are Communication Functions 1. Physiological noise (internal)  The Socio- Psychological Tradition 2. Psychological noise (internal)  The Cybernetic Tradition 3. Physical noise (external)  The Rhetorical Tradition 4. Semantic noise (understanding of words).  The Semiotic Tradition  The Socio-Cultural Tradition  Context- focuses on factors that work together to determine  Critical Tradition the meaning of a message. People communicate according to different factors, like who they are communicating with, ETHICS where they are, and how they are feeling. Communication Ethics Ethics- the philosophical discipline concerned with what is morally  Physiological noise occurs when something internal in the good and bad and morally right and wrong. message receiver's body is interfering with their interpretation of the message. For example, if a student has a migraine The rhetorical triangle- is made up of the three main appeals of resulting in light sensitivity, the student may be unable to read rhetoric. Rhetoric is any language intended to persuade. their professor's notes. The 3 appeals are  Psychological noise  ethos (establishing credibility), occurs when emotions interfere with the receiver's interpretation of  pathos (appealing to emotion), a message. For example, if a person starts to feel uncomfortable  logos (appealing to reason). when someone enters a room, the resulting emotions could cause These are the pillars of communication. them to get distracted from their conversation. FUNDAMENTALS OF ETHICAL COMMUNICATION Other Examples of Communication Channel: 1. SMS 3. Phone Calls 5. Podcasts 1. Reasonable Thinking 2. Live Chat 4. Video Conferencing 6.Blogs We are responsible for what we think. Think before saying something Interaction Model  a two way process; more complex one person could be both 2. Decision –Making a sender and a receiver How you say, what,where, when  allows the participant to send feedback Ex. classroom interaction 3. Development of Relationship Communication can either make or break a relationship. Transmission Model PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION (TERM 1) REVIEWER - Cristel Ann C. Despi OV1-5 (LESSON 2) Miscommunication - Failure to Communicate 1. Lack of Trust 2. Poor Leadership 3. Close-Mindedness 4. Insufficient Communication Channel 5. Insufficient Feedback 6. Poor Classroom Environment 7. Lack of Transparency 8. Unclear Expectations 9. Poor Listening Skills 10. Assumptions 11. Lack of one-on-one Meeting PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION (TERM 1) REVIEWER - Cristel Ann C. Despi OV1-5 Lesson 3: Language Registers The linguistic mode refers to written or spoken words. LANGUAGE REGISTER  The mode includes word choice, the delivery of written or  is the level of formality with which you communicate. spoken text, the organization of words into sentences and paragraphs, and the development and coherence of words FROZEN REGISTER and ideas.  is printed language language that does not change and is  Linguistic is not always the most important mode; this found in published works, historical and religious documents. depends on the other modes at play in the text, the type of text, and other factors. FORMAL REGISTER  Linguistic is probably the most widely used mode because it  uses complete sentences standard for work, business, and can be both read and heard on both paper or audio. academe. It uses technical vocabulary.  The linguistic mode is the best way to express details and lists. CONSULTATIVE REGISTER  is most often used in exchanges where there is an expert- The gestural mode refers to the way movement is interpreted. novice dynamic. This could be in the form of a teacher and a  Facial expressions, hand gestures, body language, and student, a mentor and their mentee, or an industry interaction between people are all gestural modes. professional and a client.  This has always been important in face-to-face conversations and in theater, but it has become more apparent on the web INTIMATE REGISTER lately with the wide use of YouTube and other video players.  is communication between loved ones. Intonation is more  The gestural mode works with linguistic, visual, aural, and important than wording or grammar. sometimes even spatial modes in order to create more detail and communicate better to the reader or consumer of the CASUAL REGISTER gestural text.  is language used in conversation with friends. It is a two-way communication characterized by slag, ellipsis, and non-verbal The spatial mode, as the name implies, refers to the arrangement of modes. Interruptions are very common. elements in space.  It involves the organization of items and the physical Slang- a type of language that consists of words and phrases that closeness between people and objects. are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group What is the Relationship Between Modes and Media? of people.  A mode is a means of communicating. Ellipsis- happens when we leave out (in other words, when we don’t  A medium is the channel or system through which use) items which we would normally expect to use in a sentence if communications are conveyed. we followed the grammatical rules. The items left out are in  The plural form of medium is media. brackets [ ]:  if we want to communicate in the linguistic mode, we might COMMUNICATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE choose the medium of print. Lesson 4 : Understanding and Evaluating Multimodal Texts  If we want to communicate in the aural mode, we might choose the medium of a podcast. Five Different Modes of Communication: Both print and podcasts are forms of media LINGUISTIC/ALPHABETIC When analyzing or producing multimodal compositions, it is  written and spoken words. important to recognize the operation of multiple modes within VISUAL artifacts (or what we might call multimedia texts).  images (moving or still) and characters that people see. AURAL But it is also useful to think about which mode generally  including, but not limited to, music, sound effects, ambient predominates in any given medium. noises, silence, tone of voice in spoken language, volume of sound, emphasis, and accent. Both photographs and films, for instance, employ the visual mode. GESTURAL Films differ from photographs, however, in that they involve  movement, expression, body language. movement of bodies and objects through space (spatial mode). SPATIAL  position, physical arrangement, proximity Being aware of dominant modes within a medium will prove helpful later when choosing powerful claims and persuasive evidence for Background noise or ambient noise is any sound other than the composing your own multimodal argument. sound being monitored (primary sound). Background noise is a form of noise pollution or interference. PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION (TERM 1) REVIEWER - Cristel Ann C. Despi OV1-5 Lesson 5: Communication Aids and Strategies Using Tools of Types of Communication Strategies Technology Communication strategies can be verbal, nonverbal, or visual. What is a Communication Aid? Integrating all the strategies together will allow you to see the most  A communication aid helps an individual to communicate success. This allows a business to meet employee needs and more effectively with people around them. increase workplace knowledge. This includes everything from technological devices, to picture books. Verbal communication strategies  can be broken down into the two categories of written and Communication aids are also referred to as AAC devices. oral communication.  AAC refers to Augmentative and Alternative Communication  Written strategies consist of avenues such as e-mail, text, and chat. Examples that fall into the oral category are phone calls, This is defined as a huge range of techniques which support or video chats, and face-to-face conversation. replace spoken communication. These include gesture, signing, symbols, word boards, communication boards and books, as well as Nonverbal communication strategies Voice Output Communication Aids (VOCAs).  consist of mostly visual cues, such as body language, facial expressions, physical distance between communicators, or the Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) tone of your voice. These cues are typically not intended.  strategies can be used by anyone. However, it is important to realize the message you are We all use ways of communicating beyond spoken language. sending. Otherwise, you may be saying one thing, yet the Often, AAC devices or communication aids are used by people who receiver is hearing another. are non-speaking. This might include people with autism, learning disabilities, cerebral palsy, multi-sensory impairment Visual communication strategies  can be seen through signs, web pages, and illustrations. Two Main Types of AAC System: These strategies are used in the workplace to draw attention and provide documentation. Human resources is required to 1. Unaided Communication post certain visuals throughout the workplace to comply with  does not use additional equipment. Body language, gesture, safety laws. vocalization, signing are typically used. Important Communication Strategies 2. Aided Communication  uses equipment, but this ranges from low-tech to high-tech 1. Imbibe leadership role in communication methods, with pictures and symbols often used instead of, or  providing useful, relevant information to group or individual. together with words and with alternative hardware options 2. Determine key message areas available to provide access.  developing clear, memorable messages are critical to effective communications. Determining what your most important messages 3. Focus on your objective 4. Be relevant. This is how to be relevant 5. Be clear and concise. 6. Be consitent to the points you make Tools of Technology in Communication  Multimedia is content that uses a combination of different Low-tech method of communication content forms such as text, audio, images, animations, video  like a simple, laminated communication book to carry around and interactive content. with a few pages of pictures or symbols would be a  Multimedia contrasts with media that use only rudimentary communication aid computer displays such as text-only or traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material. The term ‘device’ would only describe a more high-tech solution.  A transparency, also known variously as a view foil, foil, or view graph, is a thin sheet of transparent flexible material, Communication typically cellulose acetate, onto which figures can be drawn.  is the exchange of information between a sender and a These are then placed on an overhead projector for display to receiver. an audience. This system is being largely replaced by video Technology projectors and interactive whiteboards.  has changed this completely. How we are relaying information must be taken into account.  Video This is where communication strategies come into play. is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media. Communication strategies  Sound recording and reproduction  are the blueprints for how this information will be exchanged. is an electrical, mechanical, electronic, or digital inscription and re- creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental Communication Strategy music, or sound effects.  Is a plan for delivering a message to your previously target audience. Every communication plan should clearly identify three crucial factors that directly impact the success of the strategy. These include the message, the audience , and the channel via which the message should be delivered.