Public Health Overview PDF

PREVENTATIVE MEDICINE AND VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH ORIENTATION AND OVERVIEW RACHAEL KREISLER, VMD, MSCE, DACVPM (EPIDEMIOLOGY) GET READY TO LEARN HOW TO PROTECT PEOPLE AND ANIMALS FROM DEATH AND DISEASE! COURSE OBJECTIVE  For the student to build the foundational knowledge and skills nec...

PREVENTATIVE MEDICINE AND VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH ORIENTATION AND OVERVIEW RACHAEL KREISLER, VMD, MSCE, DACVPM (EPIDEMIOLOGY) GET READY TO LEARN HOW TO PROTECT PEOPLE AND ANIMALS FROM DEATH AND DISEASE! COURSE OBJECTIVE  For the student to build the foundational knowledge and skills necessary to become competent and successful practitioners with an overarching understanding of preventive medicine and veterinary public health. LECTURE LEARNING OBJECTIVES  Understand responsibilities for successful course completion  Express the various ways in which people rely upon, and benefit from, animals  Define the terms zoonotic disease, zooeyia, health, public health, and One Health  Discuss the inherent controversial nature of public health PUBLIC HEALTH CHANGES THE WAY YOU SEE THE WORLD… IN WHAT WAYS DO HUMANS RELY ON ANIMALS? IN WHAT WAYS DO HUMANS RELY ON ANIMALS?  Source of food  Entertainment  Companionship  Sport  Transportation  Raise status  Biomedical research  Shelter  Health promotion  Religion  Service ZOOEYIA  Alludes to the benefits of pet ownership to individuals and communities  Derived from the Greek roots of zoion (animals) and Hygeia (health)  “zoo-AY-uh” EXAMPLE - PETS AS FAMILY  Over half of dog owners think of their pets as family members  A report by the American Animal Hospital Association found that 40% of women they surveyed said they got more affection from their dogs than from their husbands or children.’ (Herzog, 2010: 8)  BUT ASSOCIATION WITH ANIMALS ALSO HAS RISKS https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21291584/ ZOONOTIC DISEASE  A disease communicable between humans and animals under natural conditions  BOTH way transmission!  Can be direct or indirect  Direct zoonoses  Rabies  Intestinal parasites  Psittacosis  Indirect zoonoses  RMSF (tick vector)  West Nile encephalitis (mosquito vector)  Chagas disease (‘kissing bug’ vector) WHAT IS HEALTH?  HEALTH  Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution WHAT IS PUBLIC HEALTH?  PUBLIC HEALTH  The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals  or  What we as a society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy https://www.cdc.gov/training-publichealth101/php/training/introduction-to-public-health.html https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/382688  WHAT DOES…. What does Medicine do? What does Public Health do?  Saves lives one at a time  Saves lives millions at a time https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millions_of_Cats WHAT IS ONE HEALTH?  ONE HEALTH  One Health is a collaborative, multisectoral, and trans-disciplinary approach - working at local, regional, national, and global levels - to achieve optimal health and well-being outcomes recognizing the interconnections between people, animals, plants and their shared environment. https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/why_one_health/what_is_one_health/ IS IT CONTROVERSIAL TO PREVENT DEATH AND DISEASE? THE ESSENCE OF PUBLIC HEALTH…  …is to maximize benefits for the highest number of people while protecting individual rights Individual freedom vs. Collective responsibility WHY IS PUBLIC HEALTH CONTROVERSIAL?  Ideologies  America emphasizes personal freedom & responsibility  Minimal obligation to the common good  Conflict between ‘market justice’ and ‘social justice’ MARKET JUSTICE VERSUS SOCIAL JUSTICE Market Justice Social Justice  Individual responsibility  Minimal levels of income, basic housing, employment, education and health care should be  Minimal obligation to the common good seen as fundamental rights  “Fundamental freedom to all individuals to be left  Preventable death and disability ought to be alone” minimized WHY IS PUBLIC HEALTH CONTROVERSIAL?  Economics  Long-term gains begin with costs NOW  Costs are MUCH easier to calculate than benefits  Costs are borne by wealthier; benefits by less wealthy WHY IS PUBLIC HEALTH CONTROVERSIAL?  Religion and morals  Sex education  Contraceptive use  Abortion  Politics  Almost ALWAYS has an agenda! RECENT CONTROVERSIES ARE NOT NEW https://medium.com/nightingale/the-unpredictable-curve-of-covid-19-e959dc8560ec https://tedx.ucla.edu/talks/tracey_mcnamara_canaries_in_the_coal_mine/ https://jsmcah.org/index.php/jasv/article/view/61  Strongly recommend reading this article https://www.wired.com/story/the-teeny-tiny-scientific-screwup-that-helped-covid-kill/ QUESTIONS?  [email protected]