PT, INR, D-dimer Section 11 PDF
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Deraya University
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This document provides information on PT, INR, and D-dimer, including their normal ranges and causes of increased or decreased levels. It details various blood clotting factors and their importance in clinical diagnostics. The document is well-organized and offers comprehensive explanations.
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PT and INR Platelet Count Normal range: 150,000–450,000/μL Thrombocythemia. An abnormal platelet count can have many causes. Thrombocythemia, also known as thrombocytosis or elevated platelet count, may be caused by the following factors: 1. Splenectomy 2. Rheumatoid arthr...
PT and INR Platelet Count Normal range: 150,000–450,000/μL Thrombocythemia. An abnormal platelet count can have many causes. Thrombocythemia, also known as thrombocytosis or elevated platelet count, may be caused by the following factors: 1. Splenectomy 2. Rheumatoid arthritis 3. Polycythemia vera Platelet Count Decreased Levels (Thrombocytopenia): 1. Hypersplenism. 2. Hemorrhage 3. Leukaemia. 4. DIC. Prothrombin Time (PT, Pro-Time) Normal range: 10 – 14 seconds Is used to evaluate the adequacy of the extrinsic system and common pathway in the clotting mechanism. Is more sensitive to deficiencies of the vitamin K-dependent liver factors (II, VII, lX, and X). Increased Levels (Prolonged PT): 1. Liver disease. 2. Vitamin K deficiency. 3. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). 4. Hereditary factor deficiency. International Normalized Ratio (INR) Normal range: 0.8–1.1 Because PT results can vary widely depending on the thromboplastin source, the international normalized ratio (INR) is the standardized reporting method for monitoring warfarin therapy, which is known The INR is calculated according to the following equation: INR = (patient PT/mean normal PT)ISI The international sensitivity index (ISI) expresses the sensitivity of the thromboplastin reagent compared to the World Health Organization reference standard. INR of 2.5–3.5 is normal in warfarin therapy. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) aPTT: 30–40 seconds PTT: 60–70 seconds Patients receiving anticoagulant therapy: 1.5–2.5 times control value in seconds. Is used to screen for deficiencies and inhibitors of the intrinsic pathway (factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII) as well as factors in the final common pathway (factors II, V, and X). Increased Levels: 1) Congenital clotting factor deficiencies (eg, von Willebrand disease, hemophilia). 2) Cirrhosis of liver. 3) Vitamin K deficiency. 4) Heparin administration D-Dimer Normal range:
