PT-APPS-CI-RETENTION-EXAM-ANSWER-KEY.docx

**A group of PT clinicians is performing research in which a specific myofascial technique is applied to a patient with chronic back pain. They are using a single-case experimental design with an A-B-A-B format. Their research hypothesis states that pain-rating scores will decreases with the treatme...

**A group of PT clinicians is performing research in which a specific myofascial technique is applied to a patient with chronic back pain. They are using a single-case experimental design with an A-B-A-B format. Their research hypothesis states that pain-rating scores will decreases with the treatment intervention. Accepting this hypothesis would be indicated if** a. **B is less than A** b. **B is equal to A** c. **B is greater than A at the 1.0 level** d. **B is greater than A at the 0.05 level** **A PT goes over a research study that examines knee flexion ROM two weeks following arthroscopic surgery. Granting knee flexion ROM two weeks after arthroscopic surgery is a normally distributed variable, what percentage of patients in the population would achieve a goniometric measurement value between the mean and one standard deviation above the mean?** e. **68** f. **34** g. **14** **Depending on the size of the body area immersed and the patient\'s physical status, an effective hot or very hot whirlpool may range from 103 degrees F to 115 degrees F. In centigrade this will be equivalent to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_degrees C** h. **39.9 - 46.1** i. **38.8 - 44.1** j. **40.2 - 43.2** k. **36.5 - 42.1** **Paraffin melts at 54.5 degrees C but is used as a therapeutic modality because** l. **paraffin requires a longer treatment time** m. **paraffin requires fewer calories of heat to raise its temperature** n. **the addition of mineral oil lowers its specific heat** o. **it has a low specific gravity** **The ability of a cold modality to affect local and systemic changes depends on the temperature of the cold and the duration of the application. The other factors include the following EXCEPT** p. **vascular supply to the area** q. **thermal conductivity and thickness of each tissue layer** r. **room temperature** **A 66-year-old with a right gastrocnemius contracture is in the whirlpool. The correct temperature for the submersion is \_\_\_\_\_\_degrees F.** s. **92** t. **108** u. **104** v. **98** **A PT observes that the gait of patient status post pneumonia is characterized by heel walking. Possible cause of this deviation can be any of the following EXCEPT: [ ]** a. **Tightness of the dorsiflexor muscle** b. **Weakness of the gastrocnemius muscle** c. **Decreased strength of the dorsiflexors** d. **Pes calcaneous deformity** 8. **PT has just completed a study investigating the relationship between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and type of testing modality: arm ergometry versus leg ergometry. PT finds a correlation of.52 with the arm testing while the correlation is 0.75 with the leg testing. This means that [ ].** a. **The common variance of both types of testing is only 20 percent** b. **Both arm and leg ergometry are highly correlated RPE** c. **Leg ergometry is highly correlated with RPE while arm ergometry is only moderately correlated** d. **Both arm and leg ergometry are only moderately correlated with RPE** 9. **For each degree in Fahrenheit use in body temperature, pulse rate will increase about [ ] beats.** a. **14** b. **4** c. **6** d. **10** 10. **A PT will evaluate the shoulder of a patient with hepatitis B. PT finds no open wound abrasions. Patient has good hygiene. The prescription includes passive range of motion because of adhesive capsulitis. Which of these precautions is absolutely necessary to prevent infection for PT?** a. **PT should wear gloves** b. **none of these** c. **PT should wear a mask** d. **PT should wear a gown** 11. **What does it take to be an effective leader? All of the following are examples EXCEPT:** a. **Provide little control or feedback** b. **Resolve conflict early** c. **Provide subordinates an opportunity for growth** d. **Encourage creativity and innovation** 12. **A patient exhibits weak quadriceps (4/5) and complains of difficulty in descending stairs. Among the techniques below, the BEST exercise to regain strength in the quadriceps is** w. **isokinetic exercise at 36 degrees/second** x. **partial sit-ups later progressing to lunges** y. **progressive resistance exercises. 70 percent IRM, 3 sets of 10** z. **maximum isometric exercise, at 45 and 90 degrees of knee extension** 13. **The duration of the faradic impulse is approximately** a. b. c. d. 14. **In electrical stimulation this current mode is described as a time period with a gradual rise of the current intensity which is maintained at a selected level for a given period of time followed by a gradual or abrupt decline in intensity.** a. b. c. d. 15. **The PT of an elderly patient with a stage III decubitus ulcer on the plantar surface of the right foot is applying electrical stimulation after trying conservative treatment without much success. The BEST choice for electric current in this condition is** a. b. c. d. 16. **All of the following apply to reaction of degeneration, EXCEPT** a. b. c. d. 17. **To maximize reduction of lymphedema following mastectomy in the upper extremity by means of massage, it is MOST important that the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **massage strokes occur in centrifugal direction** b. **local heat be applied before massage** c. **hand be massaged before the forearm** d. **upper arm be massaged before the forearm** 18. **A PT gives pre-operative instruction to a patient who is to undergo hip arthroplasty surgery. Part of the session includes discussion on the importance of preventing deep vein thrombosis following surgery. Which is the BEST indicator that the patient is at minimal risk of acquiring a deep vein thrombosis?** a. **ability to ambulate on frequent schedule** b. **ability to utilize pneumatic compression devices and elastic stockings** c. **ability to achieve full hip range of motion written the allowable limits** d. **ability to perform ankle pumps and muscle setting exercise** 19. **A 67-year-old female is referred to PT because of severe claudication occurring after walking more than 200 feet, muscle fatigue and cramped of both calf muscles. A closer look yielded a pale and shiny skin with some trophic nail changes. The BEST strategy is** a. **begin with interval walking exercising just to the point of pain** b. **avoid exercise stress until patient is on medication for at least 1 week** c. **non-weight bearing exercises like cycle ergometer** d. **walking program of moderate intensity** 20. **A PT working in an acute hospital evaluates a patient recovering from surgery. Apart from diabetes, patient has no other significant past medical history. Which of the following would most merit IMMEDIATE medical attention?** a. **lack of significant clinical findings following the examination** b. **discovery of significant past medical history unknown to the physician** c. **signs of confusion and lethargy** d. **systolic blood pressure increase of 20 mm Hg during exercise** 21. **A patient with left piriformis syndrome is referred to PT. Two years ago patient underwent a left total hip arthroplasty. Because of this, the modality which will require extra precaution when applied to the patient is:** a. b. c. d. 22. **A PT applies ultraviolet treatment to a female patient who the day after complained of peeling and itching. These disappear after 3 days. The dosage received was [ ].** a. b. c. d. 23. **Patient is a 55-year-old female status post removal of lymph nodes in the axilla secondary to cancer. You apply mechanical intermittent compression and massage. For best results with massage, this technique is implemented this way** e. **massage the distal segment first** f. **massage the proximal segment first** g. **massage the axillary region first** h. **massage applied only every other day** a. b. c. d. 24. **A patient in the clinical suddenly had an episode of syncope. PT attempts to rule out orthostatic hypotension as the cause of fainting. The BEST way to do this is by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. b. c. d. 25. **A 65-year-old female, 5 weeks post myocardial infarction is attending a cardiac rehab program. The PT adds a cooling period and patient asks why it is needed. PT's answer should be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_** a. b. c. d. 26. **Your cardiac patient was given a rest period after symptoms of chest pain and sweating after a mild exercise. She took nitroglycerin sublingually as per instruction of her cardiologist. The onset of action from nitroglycerin in this case occurs after \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ minute/s.** a. **30** b. **10** c. **1** d. **5** 27. **A PT is treating a 35-year-old female with thoracic outlet syndrome. While exercising, the patient starts to complain of light headedness and felt dizzy. PT immediately sits the patient and monitored her vital signs. PT measures the patient\'s respiration rate as 10 breaths per minute, pulse rate at 45 beats per minute, and blood pressure as 116/84 mmHg. Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?** a. **blood pressure and respiration rate are above normal levels** b. **pulse rate and respiration rate are below normal levels** c. **patient\'s vital signs are within normal limits** d. **pulse rate and blood pressure are above normal levels** 28. **A 55-year-old who underwent recent modified radical mastectomy fox breast cancer is referred to PT. An important predictor for lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **A diet low in sodium** b. **Mild strength loss in the affected extremity** c. **Use of diuretics** d. **Obesity** 29. **A patient with multiple sclerosis has dysmetria in both upper extremities. The BEST intervention for this problem is** i. **4lb. weight cuffs of wrist during activities of daily living training** j. **pool exercises using water temperature more than 85 degrees** k. **isokinetic training using low resistance and fast movement speeds** l. **PNF patterns with dynamic reversals with carefully graded resistance** 30. **While a patient recovering from a spinal cord injury was attending his exercise session, he declared that he will walk again. Which of these injuries would make functional ambulation MOST unrealistic?** m. **Brown-Sequard syndrome** n. **complete T9 paraplegia** o. **posterior cord syndrome** p. **cauda equine injury** 31. **If a patient has diagnosis of anterior interosseus syndrome, the activity that will be most difficult to perform is** q. **resisted wrist extension with the elbow flexed at 90 degrees** r. **wrist ulnar deviation with the thumb tucked inside a closed fist** s. **pinching together the tips of the index finger and thumb** 32. **Which modality causes the greatest increase in tissue temperature?** a. **Infrared** b. **Ultrasound** c. **Moist hot packs** d. **Diathermy** 33. **The ideal temperature of the water in the whirlpool when treating a patient with severe arterial insufficiency is \_\_\_.** a. **90-92 degrees Celcius** b. **90-92 degrees Fahrenheit** c. **33.5-35.5 degrees Fahrenheit** d. **92-96 degrees Fahrenheit** 34. **A CP spastic diplegia patient exhibits weak hip abduction. Which activity will LEAST LIKELY strengthen his abduction?** a. b. c. d. 35. **A patient with multiple sclerosis has dysmetria in both upper extremities. The BEST intervention for this problem is** a. **4lb. weight cuffs of wrist during activities of daily living training** b. **pool exercises using water temperature more than 85 degrees** c. **isokinetic training using low resistance and fast movement speeds** d. **PNF patterns with dynamic reversals with carefully graded resistance** 36. **Among the activities below, the BEST way to facilitate walking without support in a 2-year-old patient with Down Syndrome is** a. **strengthening exercises for quadriceps using weights** b. **use of walker with rollers to increase distance** c. **use of reflex inhibiting patterns in lower extremities** d. **weight shifting in standing while dancing to music** 37. **Vibration is often used to facilitate muscle tone in children with Down Syndrome. The muscle group MOST in need of facilitation are [ ]** a. **neck and back flexors and extensors, elbow extensors and knee flexors and extensors** b. **back extensors, elbow flexors and extensors, hip adductors and knee extensors** c. **neck flexors and extensors, trunk flexors, hip adductors and knee extensors** d. **neck and back extensors, elbow extensors hip abductors and knee extensors** 38. **A 36-year-old fast food delivery crew got involved in a motorcycle accident. He sustained an injury to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Which muscle would not be affected by the injury?** a. **latissimus dorsi** b. **infraspinatus** c. **teres major** d. **subscapularis** 39. **During 180 degrees of abduction in the scapulohumeral rhythm, there is roughly a ratio of movement of the humerus to the scapula.** a. **2:1** b. **1:1** c. **1:3** d. **1:2** 40. **A study of the local population was necessary to determine the need for a geriatric center in the area. The Pts performing the study divided the population by sex and selected a random sample from each group. This is an example of what type of sampling?** t. **random cluster** u. **stratified random** v. **systematic random** w. **2 step cluster** 41. **A physical training program applied over a sufficient period of time can lead to improved physical performance. The statement describing the effects of physical training that is NOT accurate is \_\_\_\_\_.** a. **prior training hastens the rate and increases the magnitude of training benefits gained from subsequent training programs** b. **training induces physiological changes in the skeletal muscles and the cardiorespiratory system** c. **the changes resulting from training are influenced by the frequency, duration and intensity of training** d. **training effects can be maintained by one or two days of exercise per week** 42. **A CVA patient with extensor synergy will find difficulty \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **going down stairs with affected leg first** b. **during the swing phase of gait** c. **standing on affected leg on midstance** d. **during circumduction** 43. **A 68-year-old male with a 9-year history of Parkinson\'s disease is referred to physical therapy. Patient demonstrates significant rigidity, decreased passive ROM in both upper extremities in the typical distribution and frequent episodes of akinesia. The exercise intervention that BEST addresses these problems is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **quadruped position, upper extremity PNF D2 flexion and extension** b. **modified plantigrade, isometric holding, stressing upper extremity shoulder flexion** c. **resistance training, free weights for shoulder flexor at 80 percent of one repetition maximum** d. **sitting, PNF bilateral symmetrical upper extremity D2 flexion patterns, rhythmic initiation** 44. **The following statements are TRUE about cardiovascular response to exercise in trained and sedentary patients EXCEPT** x. **trained patients will have a larger stroke volume during exercise** y. **the sedentary patient will reach aerobic threshold faster than the trained patient, if workload are equal** z. **cardiovascular response to increase workload will increase at the same rate for sedentary and for trained patients** a. **if exercise intensities are equal, the sedentary patient\'s heart rate will increase faster than the trained patient\'s heart rate** 45. **In a PT clinic, departmental records and data are collected for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:** a. **Organizational control** b. **Standards of practice** c. **Standards of work** d. **Department planning** 46. **A 75-year-old male patient with persistent balance difficulty and a history of recent falls (2 in the past month) is referred for evaluation and management. During the initial session, it is important to examine the** a. **level of dyspnea during functional transfers** b. **sensory losses and sensory organization of balance** c. **spinal musculoskeletal changes secondary to degenerative joint disease (DJD)** d. **cardiovascular endurance during a 5-minute walking test** 47. **A 64-year-old female patient who underwent a minimally invasive total knee replacement was referred to PT. The referring physician stated in the chart that patient ha stage 1 Alzheimer\'s disease. The PT will therefore NOT expect to find** a. **memory loss** b. **anxiety and irritability** c. **cannot concentrate** d. **profound communication deficits** 48. **A PT participating in a study to check the fitness level of the senior population in a barangay in quezon city is using a simple random sample to draw a sample from the population. By selecting this type of sample, the PT ensures that [ ]** a. b. c. d. 49. **A PT wants to study whether a treatment was effective in reducing lower extremity edema in a group of patients with peripheral vascular edema. Volumetric measurements using a water displacement method is selected as the outcome measure. The data were compared to a control group receiving no treatment. Analysis of data is BEST done by utilizing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. b. c. d. 50. **Which of the statements about developmental motor control is NOT TRUE?** a. b. c. d. 1. **A PT is evaluating a 76-year-old female with chronic forward head posturing in standing and sitting. To decrease the forward beading, the PT should stretch the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. b. c. d. 2. **A PT is evaluating a 50-year old male patient who underwent a total knee arthroplasty 2 weeks ago. PT noticed that the entire leg has started swelling. There is pitting edema throughout the lower leg and foot with tenderness in the midcalf. Girth measurement showed a 3.7 increase in the size of the midcalf. What is the NEXT step that the PT should take?** a. **Call physician after treatment to report result of evaluation** b. **Send patient to the emergency room right away** c. **Elevate the affected extremity** d. **Send patient home with instruction to monitor the affected extremity** 3. **A 60-year-old male patient was referred to PT for an exercise testing after experiencing shortness of breath twice 2 weeks prior to consultation. After monitoring the vital signs, the data collected are interpreted. The BEST indicator that patient had exerted maximal effort is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **Decrease in diastolic BP of mmHg when compared to the resting value** b. **Rating of 12 on a perceived exertion scale** c. **Failure of the heart rate to increase with further increase in intensity** d. **Rise in systolic diastolic BP of 50 mmHg when compared to the resting value** 4. **A PT checks the water temperature of the hot pack machine after several patients report the heat being very strong. Which of the following temperatures would be acceptable?** a. b. c. d. 5. **Erb\'s Law states that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **All of these** b. **opening currents are more effective than closing currents in causing normal depolarization** c. **Cathode currents are more effective than anodal in causing normal depolarization** d. **Less current is necessary to produce minimum contraction with cathode than anodal closing current** 6. **In the reeducation and facilitation of muscles, electrical stimulation is used as a guide to improve proprioceptive and visual sense of the motions and activities being facilitated. When bipolar electrodes are placed over the large muscles or muscle groups, you select the following parameters, EXCEPT:** a. **waveform: symmetrical or asymmetrical biphasic pulses with a duration of 200-500 microseconds** b. **stimulus amplitude: amplitude adjusted to maximum tolerable contraction** c. **duty cycle: 1:1 cycle to produce rhythmical muscle contractions** d. **pulse rate: lesser than 60 pps biphasic pulses to produce tetanic muscle contractions** 7. **A 65-year-old with breast cancer underwent a surgical removal of the mass followed by 12 weeks of chemotherapy and 8 weeks of radiation. PT program is directed towards mobilization of her upper extremity. An important guideline to the PT when treating a patient after radiation is \_\_\_\_\_.** a. **avoid stretching exercises that pull on the radiated site** b. **observe infection control procedures** c. **avoid all aerobic exercises for at least 2 months** d. **observe skin care precautions** 8. **Pulsed ultrasound is applied to a patient diagnosed with rotator cuff tendonitis. The statement about pulsed ultrasound that is MOST consistent when compared with continuous ultrasound is:** a. **The peak intensity of output for pulsed ultrasound is reduced** b. **The average intensity of output over time for pulsed ultrasound is reduced** c. **The peak intensity of output for pulsed ultrasound is increased** d. **The average intensity of output over time for pulsed ultrasound is increased** 9. **A PT employee of a rehabilitation center of a hospital evaluates a patient showing several signs and symptoms of anemia. Which of these questions would be the MOST useful to gather additional information in relation to anemia?** a. **Does it hurt to take a deep breath?** b. **Are you susceptible to bruising?** c. **Do you frequently experience dizziness, headaches or blurred vision?** d. **Do you experience heart palpations or shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion?** 10. **A patient was referred to PT with fingertips that are rounded and bulbous. The nail plate is more convex than normal. These changes were considered by the PT as indicating \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **Trauma to the nail bed** b. **Inflammation of the proximal and lateral nail folds** c. **Psoriasis** d. **Chronic hypoxia from heart disease** 11. **Many of patients seen in physical therapy are susceptible to excessive heat exposure. Heat exhaustion occurs when a person is exposed to more heat than the thermoregulatory mechanisms are capable of controlling. Although it rarely occurs in pure forms, it can be categorized as any of the following EXCEPT \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ heat exhaustion.** a. **Exercise induced (heat syncope)** b. **Salt exhaustion** c. **Protein depletion** d. **Water-depletion** 12. **A patient with a left sided congestive heart failure, class II, is referred to PT. while exercising, patient may exhibit \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **Weight gain with dependent edema** b. **Anorexia, nausea with abdominal pain and distension** c. **Severe, uncomfortable chest pain with shortness of breath** d. **Dyspnea with fatigue and muscular weakness** 13. **A traumatic brain injured patient reports to physical therapy feeling lethargic after being placed on phenobarbital. The primary purpose of the medication is to** a. **prevent seizures** b. **reduce spasticity** c. **limit arrhythmias** d. **decrease agitation** 14. **A post MI patient is about to begin phase 3 cardiac rehabilitation program. During the initial exercise session, the patient\'s ECG responses are monitored via radio telemetry. PT noticed three PVCs occurring in a run with no P wave. PTS next strategy is** a. **have the patient sit down and rest for a few minutes before resuming exercise** b. **stop the exercise and notify the physician immediately** c. **continue the exercise session, but monitor closely** d. **modify the exercise prescription by decreasing the intensity** 15. **A 75-year-old frail female is being treated at home for general strengthening and mobility. The patient has a 5 year history of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin for joint pain and recently added calcium channel. The possible adverse reactions/side effects include** a. **weight increase, hyperglycemia, hypotension** b. **stomach pain, bruising, confusion** c. **paresthesia, incoordination, bradycardia** d. **increased sweating, fatigue, chest pain** 16. **To reduce inflammation of the tracheobronchial mucosa in asthma, COPD and sarcoidosis, steroids are often prescribed. Which of these is not a side effect of steroid therapy?** a. **Increased susceptibility to notion** b. **decrease in BP** c. **tachycardia** d. **osteoporosis** 17. **An infant is independent in sitting, all protective extension reactions and can pull-to-stand through kneeling, cruise sideways and stand alone. The infant still demonstrates plantar grasp in standing. The infant's chronological age is \_\_\_\_ months.** a. **5** b. **8-9** c. **10-15** d. **6** 18. **An infant who was thirty-three weeks gestation age birth and is now 3 weeks of chronological age would BEST respond to [ ].** a. **Neutral warmth** b. **Fast vestibular** c. **Visual stimulation with a colored object** d. **Vibration** 19. **If a child exhibits emerging hand dominance, has crude release, can seat self in chair and walk backwards, he is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ old.** a. **2 years** b. **10 months** c. **14 months** d. **18 months** 20. **Which test is done when a PT suspects an unreduced anterior shoulder dislocation? The patient is asked to place the hand on the opposite shoulder and then attempts to lower the elbow to the chest.** a. **Sulcus sign** b. **Feagin test** c. **Protzman** d. **Dugas** 21. **A test to determine if there are loose bodies in the knee joint is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **McMurray\'s test** b. **patello-femoral test** c. **valgus / varus stress test** d. **Apley\'s tests** 22. **A positive Kleiger\'s test indicates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **deltoid ligament tear** b. **Achilles tendon rupture** c. **flatfoot** d. **tibiotalar dislocation** 23. **A PT is treating a patient with a behavior pattern involving his speech. There is absence of spontaneous speech but prompt repetition of your words. The type of aphasia MOST LIKELY present in this patient is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **transcortical motor** b. **transcortical sensory** c. **conduction** d. **Wernicke\'s** 24. **Choose a form of resistance seen during range of motion of a hypertonic joint where there is greatest resistance at the initiation of range that lessens with movement through the range of motion.** a. **Clasp-knife response** b. **Hemiballism** c. **Clonus** d. **Cogwheel rigidity** 25. **A patient who has been diabetic for more than 20 years have vascular insufficiency and diminished sensation of both feet with poor healing of a superficial skin lesion. It is essential that the patient understand the precautions and guidelines on foot care. Which of these is a CONTRAINDICATION to diabetic care?** a. **Wash feet daily and hydrate with moisturizing lotion** b. **Inspect skin daily for inflammation, swelling, redness, blisters or wounds** c. **Do daily hot soaks** d. **Wear flexible shoes that allow adequate room and change shoes frequently** 26. **A PT is preparing a 45-year-old female patient for treatment. The latter asked if she could go to the comfort room. Wondering why patient has not returned to the treatment area after several minutes, PT checked and found patient slumped on the floor face down. The appropriate course of action the PT should take is:** a. **check level of response, call for help, establish airway and assess breathing** b. **check level of response, call for help, assess breathing and establish airway** c. **call for help, check level of response, assess breathing and establish airway** d. **call for help, check level of response, establish airway and assess breathing** 27. **A 63-year-old male CVA patient was applied functional electrical stimulation on the affected ankle dorsiflexors in conjunction with her gait training program. The rationale for the application of FES for this case is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **to promote substituting actions** b. **all of these** c. **used as an orthotic device** d. **to delay muscle atrophy** 28. **On initial standing, a patient with a chronic stroke is pushing strongly backward, displacing the center of mass at or near the posterior limits of stability. The MOST LIKELY cause of this is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **contraction of the hip extensors** b. **contracture of the hamstrings** c. **spasticity of the tibialis anterior** d. **spasticity, of the gastrocnemius soleus** 29. **The following impairments may result in patients with a lesion in the temporal lobe of the brain, EXCEPT:** a. **emotional liability** b. **difficulty with memory loss** c. **Wernicke\'s aphasia** d. **learning deficits** 30. **A newborn with whole arm paralysis resulting from a traction injury at birth was referred to physical therapy. The initial plan of care for the patient should include** a. **passive mobilization of the shoulder in overhead motions** b. **age-appropriate task training of the upper extremity** c. **splinting the shoulder in abduction and internal rotation** d. **partial immobilization of the limb across the abdomen, followed by gentle ROM after immobilization** 31. **A 65-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was referred to PT. Pulmonary testing reveals that forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEVI) and vital capacity (VC) are within 60 percent of predicted values. What is the correct exercise prescription?** a. **exercise at 75-80 percent of the target heart rate, 7 times per week** b. **exercise at 75-80 percent of the target heart rate, 3 times per week** c. **begin exercise with levels of 1.5 METS and increase slowly, 7 times per week** d. **begin exercise with levels of 1.5 METS and exercise slowly, 3 times per week** 32. **A female patient with a 10-year history of scleroderma is referred to PT to improve function and endurance. She was recently treated with corticosteroids for a bout of myositis. Evaluation shows limited ROM and fibrotic soft tissue with hyperesthesia. The MOST essential strategy in the beginning is [ ].** a. b. c. d. 33. **A postpartum patient with stress incontinence is referred to the clinic for pelvic floor exercises. During the beginning of the exercise program, the BEST technique should include [ ]** a. **Supine, squeeze the spincters and hold for 3 seconds** b. **Hooklying, bridge and hold for 5 seconds** c. **Supine, squeeze sphincters and hold for 10 seconds** d. **Sitting in toilet bowl, stop and hold the flow for 5 seconds** 34. **The recommended time duration for endotracheal suctioning is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ seconds.** a. **10 -- 15** b. **1 -- 5** c. **5 -- 10** d. **15 -- 20** 35. **A patient is not able to take in enough supply of nutrients by mouth because of the side effects of radiation therapy. Because of this, the physician ordered the implementation of tube feeding. What type of tube is MOST commonly used for short term feeding?** a. **Endotracheal** b. **Endobronchial** c. **Nasogastric** d. **Traecheostomy** 36. **Republic Act 5680 mandates that the Board of PT-OT should be composed of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **A PT as Chairman, 2 Physiatrists and 2 OTS** b. **A PT as Chairman, 1 Physiatrist and 1 OT** c. **A Physiatrist as chairman, 1 PT and 1 OT** d. **A Physiatrist as Chairman, 2 PTS and 2 OTS** 37. **Schematic drawings on the construction of a PT department should include \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** a. **All of these** b. **Actual size of each department section** c. **Arrangement of various major elements of the department depicting an orderly traffic flow in the department** d. **Very detailed arrangement of the fixed and non-fixed equipment** 38. **What is the test for anterior meniscus pathology and also termed the \"tenderness displacement test\"?** a. **Apley\'s** b. **Steinmann\'s** c. **McMurray\'s** d. **Lachman\'s** 39. **The functional outcome reporting method of writing notes must be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **meaningful, quantifiable, sustainable** b. **sustainable, simple, quantifiable** c. **meaningful, utilitarian, sustainable** d. **utilitarian, meaningful, quantifiable** 40. **This is a test for epicondylitis where patient is positioned in sitting. The therapist palpates the lateral epicondyle, pronates the patient\'s forearm, flexes the wrist and extends the elbow. A positive test is indicated by pain in the lateral epicondyle region and may be indicative of lateral epicondylitis.** a. **Mill\'s** b. **Lateral epicondylitis test** c. **Medial epicondylitis test** d. **Cozen's** 41. **This is a tool to asses and treat balance dysfunction but does not assist to diagnose the cause of balance dysfunction. It consists of eight test conditions used in the battery with each leg measured on two counts, the time spent in each test position and the number of steps that a patient are performed.** a. **Functional Reach** b. **Berg Balance Scale** c. **Fugl Meyer Sensory Assessment** d. **Fregley Graybiel Ataxia Test Battery** 42. **This is a test associated with a pars interarticularis stress fracture or spondylolisthesis. The patient stands on one leg and extends the spine while balancing on the left. The test is repeated with the patient standing on the opposite leg. A positive test is indicated by pain in the back** a. **Segmental instability** b. **Stork standing** c. **Pheasant** d. **Quadrant** 43. **A 58-year-old female is recovering from a surgical resection of an acoustic neuroma and presents with symptoms of dizziness, vertigo, horizontal nystagmus and postural instability. To manage these problems, the program should include** a. **strengthening exercises focusing on spinal extensors** b. **repetition of movements and positions that provoke dizziness and vertigo** c. **Hallpike\'s exercises to improve speed in movement transitions** d. **prolonged bedrest to allow vestibular recovery to occur** 44. **What is the FIRST step in controlling organizational behavior in a PT Department?** a. **establish system of measuring performance** b. **develop system of review** c. **determine types of jobs and skills needed** d. **monitor performance and provide feedback** 45. **PT is conducting an exercise class for geriatrics. Below, which would be of LEAST benefit among the exercises the participant** a. **active neck extension** b. **active stretching of the pectoral muscles** c. **active neck flexion** d. **active hip extension** 46. a. **ulnar** b. **axillary** c. **median** d. **radial** 47. a. **DJD of the hip** b. **irritation of the L5 spinal nerve root** c. **an iliotibial band friction disorder** d. **SI joint dysfunction** 48. a. **level of dyspnea during functional transfers** b. **sensory losses and sensory organization of balance** c. **spinal musculoskeletal changes secondary to degenerative joint disease (DJD)** d. **cardiovascular endurance during a 5-minute walking test** 49. a. **memory loss** b. **anxiety and irritability** c. **cannot concentrate** d. **profound communication deficits** 50. **A 64-year-old patient will undergo total hip replacement in a week. Which of these is NOT included among pre-operative instructions?** a. **gait training with an appropriate device that will be used post operatively** b. **deep breathing and coughing exercise** c. **basic precautions for early bed mobility** d. **proper use of an abduction pillow for 1-2 weeks post operatively** 1. **A patient 4 months post total knee replacement is referred for ROM and strengthening exercises. Which strategy would NOT be appropriate for the patient?** a. **active strengthening using the contract-relax technique (\*originally stretching)** b. **exercise on a stationary bicycle against mild resistance** c. **joint mobility to increase joint play** d. **performing straight leg raising, short arc extension and knee flexion exercise using light weights** 2. **A football player suffered a grade II inversion ankle sprain 2 weeks ago. The Best intervention in the early subacute phase of rehabilitation would most likely include** e. **functional football related drills** f. **mobilization at the talocrural and subtalar joints** g. **plyometric based exercise** h. **closed chain strengthening and proprioceptive exercises** 3. **While talking to a patient about a previous exercise program, the patient mentioned that his PT from another clinic said that he performed negative work. Negative work or a negative muscular contraction is BEST defined as** i. **the muscle develops tension and increases in length** j. **purposeful voluntary motion** k. **the muscle develops tension and decreases in length** l. **muscle length remains constant as tension is developed** 4. **A PT is conducting a pre-operative training for a patient scheduled for repair of a large rotator cuff tear. Patient is a 56-year-old bank executive and he wants to know how long before he can resume his former recreational activities such as golf and badminton. The MOST appropriate time frame is [\_\_\_\_] weeks.** a. **24 -- 28** b. **6 -- 8** c. **12---14** d. **36 -- 40** 5. **This is to test brachial plexus injury, brachial plexus neuritis or Meningitis.** a. **Westphal** b. **Keri** c. **Lhermittes** d. **Bіkеlе** 6. **The silver fork deformity results from an unreduced or inadequately reduced** a. **fracture of the lower ulna** b. **fracture of one or more carpals** c. **fracture of the first metacarpal** d. **Colle\'s fracture** 7. **A golfer, while swinging to drive the ball, felt an immediate sharp pain in the right lower back. The day after patient reported stiffness with easing of pain after a shower. With these information, the source of pain is MOST LIKELY:** a. **Nerve root compression** b. **Facet joint impingement** c. **A stress fracture** d. **Diminished blood supply to the spinal cord** 8. **A patient with pain in the left lateral face and head is found to have limited active and passive mouth opening range of motion. However, passive lateral deviation is full to both sides. The probable cause for the limitation in mouth opening range of motion is [ ].** a. **An anteriorly displaced disc without reduction in the left temporomandibular joint** b. **Decreased flexibility in the muscles of mastication on the left** c. **Capsular restriction of the left temporomandibular joint** d. **Decreased flexibility in the muscles of mastication on the left** 9. **In order to determine if an exercise session should be terminated, the patient assesses the level of exertion using the BORG Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale. The patient rates the level of exertion as 11 on the 6-19 scale. A rating of 11 corresponds to which of the following [ ].** a. **Very, very light** b. **Very light** c. **Somewhat hard** d. **Fairly light** 10. **A patient immersed in the pool up to the umbilicus effectively off-loads [ ] percent of his body weight.** a. **30** b. **40** c. **60** d. **50** 11. **The principle that states that there will only be an increase in muscle strength if adequate resistance is given is** a. **Overload** b. **McGill** c. **Davies** d. **Action-reaction** 12. **This statement is TRUE of the peak torque of a concentric contraction of the plantarflexors.** a. **It occurs at the end of the range where the plantarflexors are the most shortened.** b. **It does not change with different velocities of isokinetic testing** c. **It is measured in joules** d. **It decreases as the muscles fatigue** 13. **A 34-year-old motorcycle delivery crew who figured in a vehicular accident was referred to you. Evaluation revealed that he had no function of the biceps and the brachialis but has functions of the triceps and deltoid muscles. You can suspect:** a. **Nerve root lesion is at C5-C6** b. **Lesion is at the lateral cord of the brachial plexus** c. **None of these** d. **Lesion is at the posterior cord of the brachial plexus** 14. **A PT is implementing a closed kinetic chain exercises for a patient diagnosed with anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. Which is INAPPROPRIATE to include in the program?** a. **Walking backwards on a treadmill** b. **Exercise in a stair climber** c. **Isokinetic knee extension and flexion** d. **Limited squats to 45 degrees** 15. **Your patient with Parkinson\'s disease was prescribed levodopa. The side effects of the drug are the following EXCEPT** a. **arrhythmias** b. **gastrointestinal distress** c. **orthostatic hypotension** d. **impaired visual accommodation** 16. **In behavior therapy, this is a process where learning occurs when an individual engages in specific behaviors in order to receive certain consequences. Examples of this include positive reinforcement, extinction and punishment.** a. **Operant conditioning** b. **Role playing** c. **Flooding** d. **Modeling** 17. **A 29-year old male with a history of schizophrenia, disorganized type, is referred for ambulation after a femoral fracture. Patient recently had an exacerbation of the condition. PT will expect this behavior from patient \_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **Feelings of low self-esteem** b. **Poor ability to perform tasks that need abstract problem solving** c. **Sleep disturbance and flashbacks** d. **Increased fear of crowd** 18. **A PT observes an electrocardiogram of a patient on beta-blockers. Which of the following electrocardiogram changes could be facilitated by beta-blockers?** a. **premature ventricular contractions** b. **sinus bradycardia** c. **ST segment sagging** d. **sinus tachycardia** 19. **A patient with left sided CHF class II, is referred for physical therapy. During exercises, the patient can be expected to exhibit \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** a. **Anorexia, nausea with abdominal pain and distension** b. **Dyspnea with fatigue and muscular weakness** c. **Severe, uncomfortable chest pain with shortness of breath** d. **Weight gain with dependent edema** 20. **In comparing the clinical features of cerebral artery thrombosis with cerebral embolism, the former** a. **presents an abrupt onset with rapidly developing symptoms** b. **has the most common site of occlusion in the internal carotid artery** c. **usually includes a sudden loss of consciousness** d. **includes more generalized disturbance of cerebral function** 21. **A patient is on immune suppressants following renal transplantation was referred to the clinic for mobility training using crutches. Initial evaluation revealed paresthesia in both lower extremities with peripheral weakness in both hands and feet. PT suspects that patient is MOST LIKELY experiencing** a. **leukopenia** b. **peripheral neuropathy** c. **myopathy** d. **quadriparesis** 22. **The correct sequence in the hierarchy of the criteria of a profession is** a. **lifetime commitment, representative organization, specialized education, service to clients, autonomy of judgment** b. **representative organization, lifetime commitment, service to clients, specialized education, autonomy of judgment** c. **autonomy of judgment, lifetime commitment, specialized education, representative organization, service to clients** d. **service to clients, autonomy of judgment, specialized education, representative organization, lifetime commitment** 23. **A PT working in the provincial hospital was asked to cover an interscholastic football league competition. During a game, a player is knocked down on the field. The PT rushed to the scene and determines that the player is unconscious. What should be the NEXT action of the PT?** a. **Proceed to give mouth to mouth resuscitation check for shock** b. **Start with the head and determine first if there is any bleeding or fluid coming from the nose, ears, eyes, or mouth** c. **Check the carotid pulse for a heart beat** d. **Check breathing and if it is impaired, clear the airway, and if necessary** 24. **Which of the following is widely considered the MOST accurate body composition assessment?** a. **hydrostatic weighing** b. **eyeballing method** c. **electrical impedance** d. **anthropometric measurements** 25. **A 28-year-old fast food delivery man figured in a bad vehicular accident that landed him in the intensive care unit. Patient is confused. His laboratory findings include: hematocrit -28 percent, hemoglobin -- 10 g/100 mL and serum white blood cell count of 12,000/mm3. With these, the PT can say that** a. **all values are abnormal** b. **only hematocrit value is abnormal** c. **hematocrit and hemoglobin values are abnormal; WBC is normal** d. **only serum and WBC is abnormal** 26. **A patient exhibiting symptoms of thalamic pain syndrome, cortical blindness and memory impairment. PT will suspect occlusion in the artery.** a. **vertebral basilar** b. **middle cerebral** c. **posterior cerebral** d. **anterior cerebral** 27. **While evaluating a patient with cerebral palsy, the spastic diplegia type, PT will observe the following abnormalities, EXCEPT:** a. **ankle dorsiflexion** b. **scissoring gait pattern** c. **hips flexed and adducted** d. **knees flexed with valgus** 28. **The patient is now able to pronate and supinate his affected forearm with the elbow extended. This means he is in the stage [ ] of Brunnstrom's stages of development.** a. **3** b. **2** c. d. 29. **After complete healing, wound will have only how many percent strength of intact skin?** a. **80** b. **70** c. **50** d. **60** 30. **The treatment plan for a patient with hemiplegia is based on the theory of reinforcing normal movement through key points of control and avoiding all reflex movement patterns and associated reactions, the approach MOST closely illustrates [ ].** a. **Kabat** b. **Rood** c. **Brunnstrom** d. **Bobath** 31. **Postural drainage is prescribed to a patient with cystic fibrosis. If the superior segment of the lower lobes are the target areas, how will PT proceed?** a. **patient lies prone, head down, 20 inches foot elevation with pillows under the hips** b. **patient lies supine, head down 20 inches with pillows under the knees** c. **patient lies supine with 2 pillows under hips, bed flat** d. **patient lies supine with pillows under the knees, bed flat** 32. **A PT is part of a health team that will examine applicants for flight attendants of an airline company. His task was to examine the posture of applicants. Which of these descriptions would NOT match a good posture?** a. **chest is slightly up and forward** b. **front of pelvis and thighs are in a straight line** c. **shoulder blades pulled back and separated about 2 inches from each other** d. **arms hang relaxed at the sides with palms of hand facing toward the body** 33. **PT is evaluating a 40-year-old male patient referred by a pulmonary specialist. Pt observes a pattern of breathing with periods of alternate deep breathing and apnea. Patient reports the same occurs at bedtime. This type of breathing or disorder in rate and rhythm is consistent with** a. **diaphragmatic** b. **Biot\'s** c. **ataxic** d. **Cheyne-Stokes** 34. **The plumb line is a tool that consists of a weight suspended at the end of a string to determine vertically. Ideal positioning of selected body parts in relation to the plumb line is described below EXCEPT** a. **midway through the tip of the shoulder** b. **through the external auditory meatus** c. **through the axis of the odontoid process** d. **slightly anterior to the coronal suture** 35. **A patient with a deep partial thickness burns over 30 degrees of the body is referred to PT from the Burn Unit. The expected healing process in this type of burn includes** a. **moderate edema with spontaneous healing and minimal grafting** b. **depressed skin area that heals with grafting and scarring** c. **marked edema with slow healing and extensive hypertrophic scarring** d. **blisters and minimal edema with spontaneous healing** 36. **A patient using a wheelchair is about to be discharged from the hospital. He asks his family to build a ramp that will allow entry into the house. What is the MAXIMUM recommended grade for the ramp?** a. **10.4 percent** b. **8.3 percent** c. **9.3 percent** d. **6.5 percent** 37. **In designing a ramp for patients with wheelchair, for every inch of threshold height, there should be a corresponding \_\_\_\_\_ inches of ramp length.** a. **12** b. **10** c. **15** d. **8** 38. **A PT should have sustainable understanding of the normal development of the human body to treat effectively and efficiently. Which of the following principles is NOT TRUE?** a. **Early motor activity is influenced by spontaneous activity** b. **Increasing motor ability is independent of motor learning** c. **Early motor activity is influenced primarily by reflexes** d. **Motor control develops from proximal to distal and from head to toe** 39. **A medial or lateral whip during gait of an amputee can occur because of the following reasons, EXCEPT:** a. **inadequate rotation of the knee** b. **tight socket fit** c. **improper alignment of toe break** d. **valgus in the prosthetic knee** 40. **A patient who sustained burns on 25 percent of his body was admitted! If patient has hypovolemia, the laboratory value MOST affected is** a. **oxygen saturation ratio** b. **hemoglobin** c. **prothrombin time** d. **hematocrit** 41. **The range of motion requirements for normal gait include the following, EXCEPT:** a. **knee flexion: 0 - 60 degrees** b. **ankle dorsiflexion: 0 - 10 degrees** c. **hip extension: 0 - 30 degrees** d. **hip flexion: 0 - 30 degrees** 42. **A patient with right lateral epicondylitis reports that symptoms are the same after 2 weeks of treatment. PT evaluated the patient and found out that the left biceps reflex is 1+. The PT\'s next strategy is to conduct a complete examination of the region.** a. **midcervical** b. **cervico thoracic** c. **upper cervical** d. **cervicocranial** 43. **BA patient with a spinal cord injury finds it difficult to transfer from mat to wheelchair. The patient can\'t seem to process the idea of how to coordinate this movement. In this situation the MOST effective use of feedback during the early motor learning is to** a. **focus on guided movement and proprioceptive inputs** b. **concentrate on knowledge of results and visual inputs** c. **give feedback only after a short (5 sec) delay** d. **concentrate on knowledge of performance and proprioceptive inputs** 44. **The following impairments may result in patients with a lesion in the frontal lobe of the brain EXCEPT** a. **perseveration, in attention** b. **homonymous hemianopsia** c. **contralateral weakness** d. **personality changes, antisocial behavior** 45. **At what level may a spinal cord injury patient begin to be a functional ambulator?** a. **T1 - T8** b. **T9 - T12** c. **L4-L5** d. **L1 - L3** 46. **The following conditions can cause pressure ulcers to develop in SCI patients EXCEPT** a. **voluntary motor paralysis** b. **sensory impairment** c. **autonomic dysfunction** d. **bladder incontinence** 47. **Patient figured in a traction injury to the anterior division of the brachial plexus. PT expected to see weakness of the elbow flexors, wrist flexors and forearm proration. The PT would also expect to find more weakness in** a. **wrist extension** b. **forearm supination** c. **thumb abduction** d. **lateral rotation or the shoulder** 48. **A PT wants to compare frequencies of carpal tunnel syndrome occurring in different groups of workers restaurant waiters and call center agents. The MOST suitable statistical tool for analysis data is** a. **t-test** b. **normal distribution curve** c. **chi square test** d. **simple one-way ANOVA** 49. a. **experimental model** b. **case study** c. **descriptive model** d. **historical model** 50. a. **water retains heat 1000 times more than air** b. **heat transfer increases with velocity** c. **differences in temperature between an immersed object and water will equilibrate with minimal change in temperature of the water** d. **water conducts temperature 5 times faster than air** 51. a. **Mean** b. **quota** c. **median** d. **mode** 52. a. **Low** b. **Average** c. **Very high** d. **High** 53. **An orthopedic surgeon referred a 25-year-old basketball player for instruction to improve strength of his ankle using closed kinematic chain exercises to increase ankle proprioception and reduce risk for ankle sprains. Which of these exercises should be part of your exercise program?** a. b. c. d. 54. **When mobilizing a joint, correct technique is crucial. The statements below describe the mobilization technique EXCEPT [ ].** a. **Commence with grade I distraction when possible** b. **One joint at a time is moved in one direction** c. **The extremity to be treated is placed in comfortable position** d. **A joint is mobilized in the closed pack position** 55. **Laser radiation is commonly used for [ ].** a. **Relief of neurogenic pain** b. **Accelerate wound healing** c. **Prevention of nerve degeneration** d. **Relief of arthritic pain** 56. **The complication that may result from excess ultraviolet radiation is [ ]** a. **Telangiectasis** b. **Herpes simplex** c. **All of these** d. **Impetigo** 57. **The current leakage from an electrode intended for direct patient connection should NOT be more than** a. **40** b. **30** c. **50** d. **60** 58. **PT records the parameters of an electrical stimulation treatment in a patient\'s medical record. The standard unit of measure when recording alternating current frequency is** a. **volt** b. **coulomb** c. **pulses per second** d. **hertz** 59. **The following are approaches of electrical stimulation to control spasticity EXCEPT** a. **alternately stimulating agonist and antagonist muscle** b. **stimulation of the spastic muscles themselves** c. **none of these** d. **stimulation of antagonist to utilize the effect of reciprocal inhalation** 60. **This test, also known as Ritchie or Trillart, is the BEST indicator of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament especially the posterolateral band.** a. **Gravity drawer** b. **Lachman\'s** c. **Slocum** d. **Godfrey** 61. **This is a special test that conforms lateral epicondylitis. Patient reports pain as the therapist resist the attempt to make a fist, pronate the forearm, radially deviate and extend the wrist.** a. **Golfer's elbow** b. **Ludwig's** c. **Wilson's** d. **Cozen's** 62. **A 55-year-old street sweeper is referred to you with shoulder pain. After evaluating patient, you suspect subscapularis tendinitis. Which symptom pointed to your diagnosis?** a. **Painful resisted shoulder adduction** b. **Pain was provoked by passive glenohumeral external rotation** c. **Tenderness at the greater tubercle of the humerus** d. **Pain was provoked by active glenohumeral external rotation** 63. a. **chi square** b. **analysis of variance** c. **analysis of covariance** d. **Pearson\'s Product Moment** 64. a. **sample will have proportional representation from all parts of the population** b. **every member of the population has an equal opportunity of being chosen** c. **sample size will be large** d. **data collected from the sample will be normally distributed** 65. a. **contrast baths followed by limb elevation** b. **cold/intermittent compression combination with leg elevated** c. **cold whirlpool followed by massage** d. **intermittent compression followed by elevation** 66. a. **Providing assistance as needed using guided movements during training** b. **Involving the patient in decision making and monitoring for safety** c. **Providing maximum supervision as needed to ensure successful performance and safety** d. **Providing a high degree of environmental structure to ensure correct performance** 67. **A PT treating a patient with lower extremity lymphedema with mechanical compression decides to shift to aquatic therapy. Hydrostatic pressure exerted by the water is expected to [ ].** a. **Lower effusion and assist venous return** b. **Increase resistance as speed of movement increases** c. **Provide joint unloading and enhance ease of active movement** d. **Raise cardiovascular demands at rest and with exercise** 68. **Patient is unable to take in an adequate supply of nutrients by mouth due to side effects of radiation. Patient\'s physician orders tube feeding. Which type of tube is MOST commonly used for short term feeding?** a. b. c. d. 69. a. **Pearson\'s Product moment** b. **chi-square** c. **ANOVA** d. **t-test** 70. a. **80** b. **60** c. **20** d. **40** 71. **This is associated with a pars interarticularis stress fracture or spondylolisthesis. The patient stands on one leg and extends the spine while balancing on the leg. The test is repeated with the patient standing on the opposite leg. A positive result is indicated by pain in the back.** a. **Quadrant** b. **segmental instability** c. **Stork standing** d. **Pheasant** 72. **The navicular drop test in weight bearing can be utilized clinically in the examination of** a. **integrity of the dorsal talonavicular ligament** b. **medial longitudinal arch collapse** c. **tendon injury to the tibialis anterior muscle** d. **motion across the longitudinal axis of the midtarsal joint** 73. **A 75-year-old patient was referred to the clinic. What technique is usually included in the PT program?** a. **ankle weights** b. **lengthening stride** c. **walking aids** d. **hip group strengthening** 74. **Which statement of Speed\'s test is FALSE?** a. **The test may also be performed by forward flexing the patient\'s arm to 90 degrees and then asking the patient to resist an eccentric movement into extension** b. **A positive test elicits increased tenderness in the bicipital groove and is indicative of bicipital tenderness** c. **The examiner resists the shoulder forward flexion by the patient while the patient\'s forearm is first supinated, then pronated, and the elbow is completely extended** d. **It is less effective than Yergason\'s test because the tendon moves over the bone during the test** 75. **The following are guidelines during vestibulo-ocular retraining EXCEPT** a. **Use of gravity, varying surface conditions, visual conditions and environmental cues should included in therapeutic planning** b. **The center of gravity is allowed to move at each stage of treatment** c. **Individualize each program based on the patient\'s specific impairments (rehabilitation versus compensation training)** d. **Use of practice, feedback and repetition are vital for skill refinement** 76. **An 80-year-old patient diagnosed with Alzheimer\'s type of dementia was referred for balance and coordination training. In preparing a plan of care, it is essential to know that the patient is** a. **usually trusted to be responsible for own daily care needs** b. **usually trusted with transfers with appropriate positioning of the wheelchair** c. **likely not open to activity training if unfamiliar activities are used** d. **more likely to remember recent experiences than past ones** 77. **This inner ear disease that affects balance has the following symptoms: intense vertigo, occasionally unilateral deafness, buzzing or ringing in the ear.** a. **otitis media, chronic** b. **bulging disc C4-C5** c. **otitis externa** d. **Meniere\'s disease** 78. **A 60-year-old male complains of pain in the left hip region. The symptoms appear to be consistent with hip osteoarthritis. The test to perform to assist in making this diagnosis would be** a. **Thomas** b. **Posterior impingement** c. **Craig\'s** d. **Scouring** 79. **A 60-year-old golfer was referred to PT for a sacroiliac joint pain. In your evaluation, you plan to include a Gillet\'s test. Which of these methods describe how test is carried out?** a. **Patient in supine with correct trunk alignment, pelvis and lower limbs. You stand at edge of table by patient\'s feet palpating medial malleolus to assess asymmetry. Have patient come to long sitting position and assess the leg length.** b. **Place thumb of your hand under PSIS of limb to be tested and place your other thumb on center sacrum at same level as thumb under PSIS. Ask patient to extend hip of limb being tested.** c. **Patient is sidelying at edge of bed while holding bottom leg in maximal hip and knee flexion (knee to chest). Standing behind patient passively extend hip of uppermost limb.** d. **Patient is standing. Place thumb of your hand under PSIS of limb to be tested and place your other thumb on center of sacrum at same level as thumb under PSIS. Ask patient to flex hip and knee of limb tested like bringing knee to chest** 80. **The primary objective for record keeping in the PT clinic is:** a. **Quality of care assessment** b. **Betterment of patient care** c. **Communication of patient care** d. **Medical-legal issues** 81. **In a person with normal balance, the fastest sensory system to provide balance information is the:** a. **Visual system** b. **Vestibular system** c. **Somatosensory system** d. **All 3 systems are equally fast** 82. **Which of the following statements on Speed's Test is FALSE.** a. **A positive test elicits increased tenderness in the bicipital groove and is indicative of bicipital tendinitis** b. **It is less effective than Yergason's test because the tendon moves over the bone during the test** c. **The examiner resists the shoulder forward flexion by the patient while the patient's forearm is first supinated, then pronated, and the elbow is completely extended** d. **The test may also be performed by forward flexing the patient's arm to 90 degrees and then asking the patient to resist an eccentric movement into extension** 83. **patient with vestibular problems was referred to PT. Evaluation revealed spontaneous nystagmus that can be minimized by visual fixation, oscillopsia, and loss of gaze stabilization. There was also marked disequilibrium and an ataxic wide-based gait veering to the left. These symptoms are consistent with [ ].** a. **Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo** b. **Acoustic neuroma** c. **Acute unilateral vestibular dysfunction** d. **Meniere's disease** 84. **This is a test for a rotator cuff pathology or shoulder impingement where patient is positioned in sitting or standing. Then therapist flexes the patient's shoulder to 90 degrees and medially rotates the arm. A positive test is indicated by pain and may be indicative of shoulder impingement involving the supraspinatus tendon.** a. **Hawkin's kennedy** b. **Supraspinatus** c. **Drop arm** d. **Neer** 85. **A small company with 15 employees is considering changing the chairs of the work area. In ergonomics, it is important to be able to adjust any chair to meet the basic anthropometric dimensions of the worker. The guiding principles in the selection of seating are as follows, EXCEPT:** a. **The foot support should be used with seats that are higher than normal** b. **The seat surface should be 3 to 5 cm above the fold of the knee when the worker is standing** c. **The backrest must have a well-formed lumbar pad, which should offer good support at a height of 100 to 200 mm above the lowest point of the seat** d. **The depth of the seat should allow disk load rest against the backrest to reduce disk load** 86. **A stage of sprain injury with symptoms that include moderate pain swelling, minimal instability of the joint, minimal to moderate tearing of the ligament and decreased range of motion (LESTER)** a. b. c. d. 87. **Which of these disease processes will not help from percussion and shaking?** a. **pulmonary fibrosis** b. **bacterial pneumonia** c. **bronchiectasis** d. **cystic fibrosis** 88. **A PT is prescribing a wheelchair for his 68-year-old patient who is 5 ft. 7 inches tall. The MOST useful feature to include in the prescription is** a. **desk armrests** b. **a 20 in. seat height** c. **a 17.5 in. seat height** d. **elevating leg rests** 89. **Patient is able to accomplish only 60 degrees of passive straight leg raising. To improve the range of motion, the hold-relax technique should be applied to** a. **hamstrings and hip extensors** b. **adductors and hip extensors** c. **abductors and hip flexors** d. **quadriceps and hip flexors** 90. **A 29-year-old data encoder complains of numbness and tingling in the right hand, a median nerve involvement. Upon a visit to the jobsite for evaluation, it was revealed that patient was working on a very rigid 10hour shift with only 15-minute break every 4 hours. A recommendation to the supervisor to ease the symptoms of the patient could be** a. **provide the worker a resting splint** b. **give frequent rest periods of 15 min every hour** c. **require worker to attend a cumulative trauma disorder** d. **lessen work schedule to 8 hours** 91. **This is an exercise technique designed to facilitate contraction and stability through joint compression. The compression force is most often applied to joints through gravity acting on body weight, manual contacts or weight belts.** a. **approximation** b. **alternating isometrics** c. **traction** d. **rhythmic inhalation** 92. **To prevent the onset of pneumonia for a non-ambulating patient, PT can recommend** a. **bedside sitting 2-3 times/day** b. **chest tapping four times a day** c. **starting spirometry and wheelchair mobility** d. **nebulizer twice a day** 93. a. **A muscle may be weak only as a prime mover but \"strong\" whenever an abnormal mass movement pattern occurs** b. **The weakness is due to being relatively overcome by spastic antagonistic muscles** c. **Soft tissue periarticular contraction can enhance or stimulate weakness** d. **Sensory deficit cannot result in weakness** 94. a. **21 -- 35** b. **36 - 42** c. **2 -- 5** d. **7 -- 21** 95. a. **Rigid progressive resistive exercise using weights** b. **Relaxation activities including breathing strategies** c. **Flexibility exercise for the trunk** d. **Aerobic capacity/endurance, conditioning or reconditioning like an aquatic program** 96. a. **ecchymosis in patients with low platelet count** b. **possible fractures from thoracic bone metastasis** c. **pneumonia may develop because of a completely obstructed bronchus** d. **change in skin color** 97. a. **The angle of elbow flexion should be approximately 20-25 degrees** b. **For axillary rest in the axilla, the tip should be approximately 2 inches lateral and 4-6 inches anterior to the toes of the shoes** c. **The space between the top of the axillary rest and the floor of the axilla should be approximately 2 inches** d. **For patient\'s grasp of the handpieces, the wrist should be in flexion** 98. **The parents of a child with cerebral palsy offers the PT a cash gift. He refuses but family insists saying it is their way of saying thank you for the services he has rendered. The PT\'S BEST response is to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** a. **accept money and use it to buy small needs for the PT department** b. **accept money and use it to set up a feeding program** c. **decline the gift** d. **accept money and donate to charity** 99. A study of a local community population was necessary to determine the need for a Senior's Day care center in the area. The PT performing the study divided the population by sex and selected a random sample from each group. This is an example of what type of sampling? a. stratified random sample b. random cluster sample c. systematic random sample d. two stage cluster sample 100. The following are contraindications of traction EXCEPT a. vascular condition b. patients with subacute state of degenerative joint disease c. hypermobility d. local and systemic disease affecting joints, ligaments, bones and muscles such as tumors and infections