Psychosocial Development PDF

Psychosocial Devlopement Psychology module Dr. Lamyaa Elhamrawy Dr. Eman Saleh ILOS By the end of this session the student will be able to Identify epigentic principle Identify different stages of psychosocial devlopement Recognize charchterstics of each stage Psychosocial developmen...

Psychosocial Devlopement Psychology module Dr. Lamyaa Elhamrawy Dr. Eman Saleh ILOS By the end of this session the student will be able to Identify epigentic principle Identify different stages of psychosocial devlopement Recognize charchterstics of each stage Psychosocial development (Erikson stage of the life cycle) (Epigentic principle) Erikson believed that the human personality is determined not only by. Childhood experience but also by adult experience. He stated. “If everything goes back into childhood,then everything is somebody else’s fault and taking responsibilities for oneself is undermined. He emphasized the interplay between biology and society. Psychosocial development (Erikson stage of the life cycle) Erikson believed that the human personality is determined not only by. Childhood experience but also by adult experience. He stated. “If everything goes back into childhood,then everything is somebody else’s fault and taking responsibilities for oneself is undermined. He emphasized the interplay between biology and society. Stage I Basic trust vs basic mistrust birth -1.5 year: 1. Basic trust vs basic mistrust: from birth to2years ‫ ةقثلا‬/‫ةقثلا م ةعناة‬ Basic Trust the child has a positive expectation that one’s need can be taken for and the self and the world can be relied upon.. Positive outcome - If strong trust is developed, the child will maintain a sense of self- confidence and a hopeful attitude - Mother become an inner certainty in the infans mental representation, so mother can be out of sight without-undue anxiety or rage.. Factors contributing to positive outcome are: - The consistency and sameness in experience provided by care taker. - caring loving mother. Negative outcome (psychopathological outcome): Basic mistrust develops and result in sense of hopelessness which may lead to Depressive disorders, Schizoid personality disorders, Schizophrenia, Substance related disorders. 2. Autonomy vs shame and doubt : ‫ ل ل ةقال‬/‫ ةلا ل ل م ةق‬1.5-3 y 2. Autonomy vs shame and doubt : ‫ ل ل ةقال‬/‫ ةلا ل ل م ةق‬1.5-3 y Autonomy: is concerned with the child mastery over themselves and over their impulses. In this stage, the child show muscular maturation, so can feed himself, walk, talk … The child gain a sense of separateness from others (I, you, mine..), and have the choice of holding on or letting go (e.g. defection). Positive outcome: The child gained self-confidence Factors contributing to positive outcome: If parents being supportive without being overprotective If parents show approval about self controll. Negative outcome: If parents are overcontrolling, do excessive punishment, he will show a sense of shame doubt. 3. Initiative vs guilt: 3-5 y ‫ م ةقمعا‬/ ‫ةقذلا‬ 3. Initiative vs guilt: 3-5 y ‫ م ةقمعا‬/ ‫ةقذلا‬ 3. Initiative vs guilt: 3-5 y ‫ م ةقمعا‬/ ‫ةقذلا‬ Initiative: Is defined as the ability to initiate tasks both motor and intellectual for the sake of activity, which is reinforced by physical freedom, and satisfying intellectual curiosity. Guilt: Is a feeling being inadequate about self-initiative behavior and interests.. Positive outcome: - The child gain sense of responsibilities ‫ ةملوئسملا‬dependability ‫تلع ةمتعللا‬ ‫ ةمنلا‬self-discipline and a growing sense of ambition ‫حلسط‬ - Conscience is established at the end of this stage, so the child learns that there’s limit to his behavior and express his aggressive impulses in a constructive way. factors contrubiting to positive outcome: Reinforcing physical freedom and intellectual Curiosity. 4. Industry vs Inferiority 5-13 year: ‫ جاقلل‬//‫ةلع ارم ةقان‬ 4. Industry vs Inferiority 5-13 year : ‫ جاقلل‬//‫ةلع ارم ةقان‬  4. Industry vs Inferiority 5-13 year: ‫ جاقلل‬//‫ةلع ارم ةقان‬ Industry: Means the ability to work and being able to make things and to make them perfectly, and to acquire adult skills. Positive Outcome: The development of the natural desire to work and learning the pleasure of work completion, and the pride of doing something well.. Factors contributing to good outcome Good parents & teachers encourage childrento value diligence‫ ةهتعالا‬,productivity‫ ةهاعلتلا‬, Negative Outcome: If too emphasis is on regulation, should, and ought to, a sense of duty will be at the expense of the natural desire and pleasure of work. Non supportive parents or discouraging school environment results in diminished self- esteem. If parents are overprotective, the children will be excessively dependent on their emotional support. 5. Identity vs role confusion (from 13 to about 21 years) ‫هام‬/‫ةقي‬ ‫ها‬/‫لاةه ةقي‬  5. Identity vs role confusion (from 13 to about 21 years) ‫هام‬/‫ةقي‬ ‫ها‬/‫لاةه ةقي‬ Identity: is defined as the characteristics that establish who the persons are and where they are going. Role confusion : means confusion about one’s place in the world. Positive outcome: Healthy gender identity and sexual role, and occupational identity.. Factors contributing to the positive outcome: Healthy identity is built on successful previous stages and is facilitated by identification with healthy parents. Negative outcome: Failure to negotiate this stage leave person without solid identity, so as with role confusion. 6. intimacy vs self – absorption & isolation (from 21- 39 ): ‫ةلقاام‬ ‫ةلعننةل‬  6. intimacy vs self – absorption & isolation (from 21- 39 ): ‫ةلقاام‬ ‫ةلعننةل‬ A true relation is intense, long-lasting and mutual relationships. Positive outcome:- A person establishes a mutual relationshipes with an extended and diverse social group. Negative outcome: A person become without friends or partners, so will be self-absorbed with a sense of isolation. 7. generativety vs stagnation 40-65 years: /‫ م ةقال‬/‫ةلجاة‬  7. generativety vs stagnation 40-65 years: /‫ م ةقال‬/‫ةلجاة‬ Generativety is defined as adult concern and interest in guiding or establishing the oncoming generations. Positive outcome: Adults develop a sense of altruism and creativity. Negative outcome: Person become self concerned, isolated and become preoccupied with himself and is not able to accept the idea that death is inevitable. 8. Integrity vs despair 65 upward: ‫ةق امل ملاجل ةقاا‬  8. Integrity vs despair: ‫ل ةق امل ملاجل ةقاا‬/ ‫ ذا‬65 Integrity: is a sense of satisfactions that life has been productive and worthwhile. Positive outcome: Persons are enjoying grand children, accept their place in life, and known that their lives are their responsibilities. Negative outcome: Despair:looking back to life with feeling of regrete, shame and disappointed