Psychology Overview: Mind and Behavior PDF

Psychology Overview: Mind and Behaviour Your Name: 1. What is the primary role of GABA in the central nervous system? A. To promote the release of endorphins B. To transmit messages between the brain and body C. To calm firing of nerves D. To facilitate excitement and euphoria 2. What...

Psychology Overview: Mind and Behaviour Your Name: 1. What is the primary role of GABA in the central nervous system? A. To promote the release of endorphins B. To transmit messages between the brain and body C. To calm firing of nerves D. To facilitate excitement and euphoria 2. What function does acetylcholine primarily serve in the nervous system? A. Involved in physical coordination B. Involved in thought, learning, and memory C. Processing visual information D. Transmitting sensory signals to the brain 3. What is the main function of the spinal cord? A. Storing memories from experiences B. Transforming sensory signals from the body C. Relaying messages between the brain and the body D. Controlling emotional responses 4. Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with cognitive functions? A. GABA B. Glutamate C. Endorphins D. Acetylcholine 5. What type of neurons are responsible for transmitting messages from the body to the central nervous system? A. Interneurons B. Afferent neurons C. Motor neurons D. Efferent neurons 6. Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'fight or flight' responses? A. Central nervous system B. Sympathetic nervous system C. Somatic nervous system D. Parasympathetic nervous system 7. How are endorphins primarily released in the brain? A. During exercise and excitement B. During rest and relaxation C. When sleepy or fatigued D. In response to sadness 8. Which statement best describes the function of efferent neurons? A. They relay sensory information to the brain B. They mediate emotional responses C. They transmit messages from the CNS to the body D. They connect different parts of the brain 9. What does the Black Box Approach in psychology emphasize? A. Observing mental processes directly. B. Understanding behavior based solely on external stimuli. C. The importance of introspection in examining thoughts. D. Behavior as a response to environmental stimuli. 10. Which school of thought is associated with the structures of the mind and introspection? A. Structuralism B. Cognitive Psychology C. Behaviorism D. Gestalt Psychology 11. According to Freud, which two instincts are central to human behavior? A. Reason and Emotion B. Consciousness and Subconsciousness C. Life and Death D. Pleasure and Pain 12. What is the main concept behind Gestalt Psychology? A. The mind consists of distinct, unconnected parts. B. Personality is structured around unconscious motives. C. Learning occurs through conditioning and reinforcement. D. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. 13. Which of the following best describes behavior according to the provided content? A. Any observable action individuals engage in. B. A result of cognitive processes only. C. The sum of both conscious and unconscious thoughts. D. A reflection of innate instincts. 14. In Psychoanalysis, which structures are proposed by Freud to explain personality? A. ID, Ego, and Superego B. Instinctual and rational layers C. Conscious and unconscious minds D. Behavioral and cognitive components 15. How do societal norms influence behavior according to the content? A. They are irrelevant to understanding behavioral responses. B. They always promote individual freedom of action. C. They are only considered in extreme situations. D. They create expectations that individuals tend to follow. 16. What process does introspection involve? A. Analyzing the effects of stimuli on behavior. B. Examining social influences on behavior. C. Looking inward to reflect on one's own experiences. D. Observing external behaviors of individuals. 17. What happens to the axon during depolarization? A. Sodium ions rush into the axon, causing a positive shift. B. Potassium ions are pumped into the axon, increasing negativity. C. The outside of the axon becomes permeable to negatively charged ions. D. The inside of the axon becomes more negatively charged. 18. What role do potassium ions play in the resting state of a neuron? A. They are the primary source of depolarization. B. They are responsible for the rapid transmission of signals. C. They help maintain the negative charge inside the neuron. D. They enhance the permeability of the neuron membrane. 19. How does the membrane regain semi-permeability after an action potential? A. By allowing only potassium ions to enter. B. By increasing the negativity inside the neuron. C. By blocking all ion movements. D. By pumping sodium ions back outside. 20. What characterizes the resting state of a neuron? A. It is highly depolarized. B. It loses its semi-permeability for a short period. C. It is predominantly charged with positive ions. D. There is a balance between positive and negative ion concentrations. 21. What is the 'all-or-none principle' in neural transmission? A. The membrane fully depolarizes or does not depolarize at all. B. Neurons can choose to transmit signals selectively. C. Neural signals can vary in strength. D. All action potentials are of different magnitudes. 22. What initiates the depolarization process in a neuron? A. The accumulation of potassium ions inside the cell. B. The closing of sodium channels in the membrane. C. The stabilization of positive charges outside the axon. D. An external stimulus that leads to sodium ion influx. 23. What effect does the disturbance in the adjacent section of the membrane have? A. It halts the action potential. B. It stabilizes the ion concentration in the cell. C. It causes the previous section to remain inactive. D. It leads to further depolarization down the axon. 24. How do neurons communicate with each other? A. By forming complex chains through synaptic transmission. B. By initiating an electric shock. C. Through electrical signals only. D. Via chemical signaling without any electrical activity. 25. What determines the pitch we hear according to the temporal theory? A. The time variation of the sound B. The intensity of the sound wave C. The wavelength of the sound D. The frequency of the sound wave 26. Which part of the cochlea is responsible for perceiving high-frequency sounds? A. The oval window B. The tip of the basilar membrane C. The base of the basilar membrane D. The cochlear nerve 27. What is the primary sensation involved in olfaction? A. Sound B. Vision C. Smell D. Touch 28. What role do endorphins play in pain perception? A. They act as natural painkillers B. They block all pain signals C. They have no effect on pain D. They increase pain sensitivity 29. What does visual acuity refer to? A. The ability to distinguish colors B. The perception of motion C. The sharpness of vision D. The depth perception 30. Which wavelengths correspond to the color green? A. 650 - 780 nanometers B. 500 - 570 nanometers C. 570 - 650 nanometers D. 450 - 500 nanometers 31. What is the main idea behind the Gate Control Theory? A. Mental state can influence pain perception B. Pain signals cannot be blocked C. Pain is purely physiological D. The brain has no role in pain perception 32. What do pheromones primarily communicate? A. Thermal signals B. Visual signals C. Auditory signals D. Chemical signals 33. What role does the olfactory bulb play in the sense of smell? A. It is responsible for taste perception. B. It detects pressure and temperature changes. C. It produces pheromones that influence behavior. D. It is where the olfactory nerve synapses. 34. What is meant by 'higher level of consciousness'? A. A continuous flow of changing sensations. B. Controlled processes with focused goals. C. Automatic processes requiring minimal attention. D. Unconscious thoughts and feelings. 35. Which statement about the sense of smell is NOT correct? A. It allows us to sense danger. B. It easily adapts or habituates over time. C. It requires receptor cells located in the nose. D. It is solely dependent on the olfactory cortex. 36. Which example best illustrates a lower level of consciousness? A. Listening intently to a lecture. B. Writing a paper with focused intent. C. Cooking a familiar recipe. D. Daydreaming during a meeting. 37. What is the primary stimulus for the sense of taste? A. Pressure. B. Chemicals. C. Sound. D. Light. 38. Freud described unconscious thought as primarily consisting of what? A. Memories of acceptable experiences. B. Conscious wishes and desires. C. Reservoirs of unacceptable wishes and thoughts. D. Everyday sensory experiences. 39. Why is there limited literature on olfaction? A. The sense of smell quickly adapts and changes. B. Cataral conditions do not affect olfaction. C. There is a lack of funding for research. D. Humans have a poor sense of smell. 40. Which of the following is an example of selective attention? A. Unconsciously biting one's nails. B. Ignoring background noise while focusing on a child. C. Hearing a smartphone notification. D. Daydreaming during a lecture.