Psychological Testing Summary PDF

paypal.me/mariaogircin OR https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mogircin SUMMARY “Psychological Testing” Thomas P. Hogan by Maria Ogîrcin NOTE: If you’d like to support...

paypal.me/mariaogircin OR https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mogircin SUMMARY “Psychological Testing” Thomas P. Hogan by Maria Ogîrcin NOTE: If you’d like to support me for my time or offer some feedback feel free to use the links I put in the header or contact me VIA my email [email protected]. Enjoy! 1 paypal.me/mariaogircin OR https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mogircin Table of contents The World of Psychological Testing 3 Test Norms 6 Reliability 10 Test Development, Item Analysis, and Fairness 13 Validity 15 Factor Analysis 19 Intelligence: Theories and Issues 23 Individual Intelligence Tests 27 Objective Personality Tests 31 Clinical Instruments and Methods 35 Projective Techniques 39 Interests and Attitudes 42 2  paypal.me/mariaogircin OR https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mogircin The World of Psychological Testing (ch. 1) Main Categories of Tests mental ability tests (provide an index of overall mental ability of individuals) !"individually-administered intelligence tests !"group-administered intelligence tests !"other ability tests achievement tests (they attempt to assess a person’s level of knowledge or skill in a particular domain) !"achievement batteries are used in elementary and secondary schools; they consist of a series of tests in areas such as reading, mathematics etc. !"single-subject tests cover only one area (mathematics, physics, etc.) !"certification/licensing tests are important for people in specific vocations !"government-sponsored programs have statewide achievement testing programs !"individual achievement tests aid in the diagnosis of certain conditions/disabilities personality tests """""!"objective personality tests are scored in an objective manner, based on items jfeifjifjanswered in a true-false or similar format """""!"projective techniques aim to reveal something about personality through hfiusijinkblots, sentence completion, drawings etc. """""!"#$%&'"())'#(*%&+ interests and attitudes """"!"vocational interest measures help individuals explore jobs relevant to their dehdjinterests """"!"measures of attitudes assess certain attitude levels Additional Ways to Categorize Tests paper-and-pencil VS performance tests 3  paypal.me/mariaogircin OR https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mogircin !"test is solved by pen and paper (questionnaires etc.) vs by completing a certain action/task (holding a speech etc.) speed VS power tests !"$&+$",-.#/.&+"(++&++,-0"%#1"2(+$"$%&"&3(4,-&&")&'2#'4+"vs by assessing the limits of a person’s knowledge/abilities individual VS group tests !"test can be administered to only one individual at a time vs test can be administered to many individuals at the same time maximum VS typical performance !"test involves assessing how well an examinee can perform when they are at their best vs assessing the typical performance of the examinee norm-referenced VS criterion-references !"$&+$",-.#/.&+"*#4)(',+#-"1,$%"(")#)5/($,#-6("-#'4($,.&"0'#5)"vs involves comparison with a set criterion/expectations Uses and Users of Tests Clinical use !",-*/57&+"2,&/7+"#2"*/,-,*(/")+8*%#/#089"*#5-+&/,-09"+*%##/")+8*%#/#089"&$*: !"$&+$,-0"%&/)+",7&-$,28"$%&"-($5'&"#2"(")'#;/&4"(-7"%#1"$#"7&(/"1,$%"$%&")'#;/&4 Educational use !",-*/57&+"$&(*%&'+9"&75*($,#-(/"(74,-,+$'($#'+9")('&-$+9"(-7"$%&"0&-&'(/")5;/,*" !"$&+$,-0",+"5+&7"2#'"7&$&'4,-,-0"/&.&/+"#2"+$57&-$"/&('-,-0"(-7")'&7,*$,-0"+5**&++",-" (*(7&4,*"1#'($,#-" Research use !"$&+$,-0"+&'.&+"(+"$%&"#)&'($,#-(/"7&2,-,$,#-"#2"$%&"7&)&-7&-$".(',(;/&" !"$&+$,-0"(/+#"%(+")5')#+&+",-"7&+*',;,-0"$%&"+(4)/&"?(0&9"(;,/,$,&+9"&$*:@ !"'&+&('*%",+"(/+#";&,-0"7#-&"#-"$%&"$&+$+"$%&4+&/.&+ 4  paypal.me/mariaogircin OR https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mogircin Major Issues, Assumptions and Questions Basic assumptions !"1&"(++54&"$%($"7,22&'&-*&+"(4#-0",-7,.,75(/+"('&"potentially important !"1&"(++54&"$%($"1&"*(-"quantify these traits and differences !"1&"(++54&"$%($"$'(,$+"%(.&"+#4&"degree of stability or permanence !"1&"(++54&"$%($"$%&"$'(,$+"%(.&",mportant relationships to actual behavior i Fundamental questions !"reliability: are the scores stable over time? !"validity: do the scores measure what they are supposed to measure? !"norms: are the scores comparable to the results of larger groups and samples? !"item response theory is a new set of methods for examining a whole range of issues related to the reliability, scaling and construction of tests The differential perspective !"$%&"$'5&"(-+1&'"4(8"7,22&'"2#'"7,22&'&-$")&#)/&A"B$%&'&C+"-#"5-,.&'+(/"(-+1&'D !"&4&'0,-0"7&;($&E"syndromes or dimensions? “is depression a specific condition or the lower end of some continuum?” Major Forces in the Development of Testing the scientific impulse (motivation to make scientific revolutions) concern for the individual (more attention for mental disorders) practical applications (tests have developed in response to practical needs) statistical methodology (many statistics methods have been developed) the rise of clinical psychology (many developments in clinical psych.) computers (influence of the time) !"("scanner is an electrical device that counts marks on a test sheet) !"interpretive reports = performance can be described with simple words or even continuous narrative by a computer, as if written by a professional !"computer-adaptive testing = the computer selects the next item based on the examinee’s previous response !"automated scoring = a computer program is programmed to simulate human judgment in the scoring of products such as essays, architectural plans, medical diagnoses etc. 5  paypal.me/mariaogircin OR https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mogircin Definition Test !"("+$(-7('7,>&7")'#*&++"#'"7&.,*&"$%($"8,&/7+",-2#'4($,#-"(;#5$"("+(4)/&"#2" ;&%(.,#'"#'"*#0-,$,.&")'#*&++&+",-"("=5(-$,2,&7"4(--&':" Test Norms (ch. 3) Purpose of Norms !"raw score = the (more or less) immediate result of an individual’s response(s) to a test !"normed score = the individual’s raw score compared with others’ in the norm group !"1&"5+&"-#'4+",-"#'7&'"$#";&"(;/&"$#",-$&')'&$"*&'$(,-"+*#'&+"(-7"5-7&'+$(-7"1%($"$%&8" 4&(-" Review of Statistics !"$&+$"-#'4+"('&";(+&7"#-"&/&4&-$('8"-#$,#-+"2'#4"7&+*',)$,.&+ !".(',(;/&+"*(-";&"7&+*',;&7"($"$%'&&"/&.&/+"#2"0&-&'(/,$8E" a construct (verbal descriptions and definitions of the variable) a measure (operational definition of the variable) raw data (the numbers that result from the application of the measures) 6  paypal.me/mariaogircin OR https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mogircin !"descriptive statistics help summarize or describe the raw data to aid our understanding !"inferential statistics help us draw conclusions about the populations based on a sample Types of scales nominal scale !"7,+$,-05,+%&+"#;F&*$+"2'#4"(-#$%&'";8"$(00,-0"&(*%"#;F&*$"1,$%"("-54;&'" !"$%&"-54;&'+"7#"-#$"+,0-,28"B4#'&"#'"/&++D"?&:0"G"(-7"H"(++,0-&7"$#"2&464(/&+@" ordinal scale !"#;F&*$+"('&"(++,0-&7"-54&'(/+"$%($",-7,*($&"(-"#'7&',-0"1,$%#5$"+)&*,28,-0"$%&" 7,+$(-*&";&$1&&-"$%&4"#-"$%&"+*(/&"" !"&:0E"'(-