PSYC3000 Applied Sport Psychology Workshop 4 PDF

PSYC3000 Applied Sport Psychology Workshop 4 Emotion & Emotion Regulation PSY C30 00 - Dr Vanessa Wer gin 1 Semester Overview Date Topic 1 24.07. Intro to Appiled Sport and Exercise Psychology 2 31.07. Motivation 1: Motivation and Goal Setting 3...

PSYC3000 Applied Sport Psychology Workshop 4 Emotion & Emotion Regulation PSY C30 00 - Dr Vanessa Wer gin 1 Semester Overview Date Topic 1 24.07. Intro to Appiled Sport and Exercise Psychology 2 31.07. Motivation 1: Motivation and Goal Setting 3 07.08. Motivation 2: Dealing with Success and Failure 4 14.08. EKKA PUBLIC HOLIDAY 5 21.08. Mental Skills 1: Emotion & Emotion Regulation 6 28.08. Mental Skills 2: Confidence 7 04.09. Group Presentations 8 11.09. Mental Skills 3: Imagery & Visualisation 9 18.09. Mental Skills 4: Concentration, Routines & Self-Talk 25.09. MID SEM BREAK 10 02.10. Mental Health & Sleep 11 09.10. Team Dynamics 1: Team Coordination & Team Performance 12 16.10. Team Dynamics 2: Team Identity & Leadership 13 23.10. Ethics of Sport and Exercise Psychology & Revision PSY C30 00 - Dr Vanessa Wer gin 2 Victory or defeat? Overview over today’s lecture Emotions and performance Individual emotion regulation Emotions in groups Interpersonal emotion regulation 6 primary / basic emotions Ekman (1992) Secondary emotions Emotional reactions we have to other emotions Social context plays a major role Ekman’s Atlas of emotions https://atlasofemotions.org/ 7 Lazarus-Schachter-Theory 8 5 Components of Emotions PSYC3000 - Dr Vanessa Wergin 9 Functionality of Emotions Motivation Attention Cognition Social Functions PSYC3000 - Dr Vanessa Wergin 10 Emotions and Performance General Trend: Studies find different results for the relation between emotions and performance Pleasant emotions → Increased performance Unpleasant emotions → Decreased performance But very individual!!! Emotions and Performance Impact the emergence of emotions: Goal relevance (important?) Role of evolutionary memories and motivations – Desire to win (survival/identity) – Desire not to lose (death/loss of status) Ideal performance states Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (Hanin, 1980) What about you? Idiosyncratic combination of environmental (task demands) and human factors (self-regulation; traits) (Hanin, 1980; 2007; 2010) Both ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ themed emotions are involved for both situations (helpful & unhelpful) (Hanin, 2007; 2010) How do we get there? Roger Federer after 2009 French Open Final Victory “… my mind was always wondering, ‘what if? What if I win this tournament? What will that mean? What will I say?’ You can’t help it, you tell yourself not to think about all these things, but they keep coming back. I was very nervous at the beginning of the third set. The last game… It was almost unplayable for me because I was just hoping to serve some good serves and hoping that he was going to make 4 errors. It was that bad.” Emotion Regulation Emotion regulation describes the process of how people influence what emotions are experienced, when they occur, and how they are experienced and expressed (Gross, 1998) Typically relates to performance (Wagstaff, 2014) Goal to downregulate unhelpful emotions and upregulate helpful emotions Emotion Regulation Individual Emotion Regulation Process Model of Emotion Regulation (Gross, 1998, 2002) Individual Emotion Regulation What could situation selection look like? Avoid specific situations Select only the situations we are comfortable with Can be problematic in sport Process Model of Emotion Regulation (Gross, 1998, 2002) Individual Emotion Regulation What could situation modification look like? Changing the situation to be more comfortable E.g., spending less time in the competition arena if it makes you nervous E.g., not watching your competitors perform Process Model of Emotion Regulation (Gross, 1998, 2002) Individual Emotion Regulation What could attentional deployment look like? „I was not thinking about the world record. When I go into a race thinking about times, I always screw up. So I was thinking about my start and trying to relax. Just focus on doing the job at hand.“ (Donovan Bailey, 100-meter gold medal) Process Model of Emotion Regulation (Gross, 1998, 2002) Individual Emotion Regulation Attentional deployment What are examples for each of the 4 fields? Find out which focus works best for you Which one are you most comfortable with? Train to focus on what works best for you Individual Emotion Regulation Attentional deployment - routines Which routines do you have? What do you use them for? Individual Emotion Regulation What could cognitive change look like? „The thing that always worked best for me whenever I felt I was getting too tense to play good tennis was to simply remind myself that the worst thing - the very worst thing that could happen to me was that I‘d lose a bloody tennis match. That‘s all!“ (Rod Laver ) Process Model of Emotion Regulation (Gross, 1998, 2002) Individual Emotion Regulation Cognitive Change Recognise your own emotions and the reasons for experiencing them Know your physiological reactions and know that they are part of the sport Know your resources Reframe the situation Through relativisation Reflection Acceptance Through cognitive reframing Individual Emotion Regulation Cognitive Change Red thoughts Green thoughts Individual Emotion Regulation What could response modulation look like? Modulate your emotional response Find your optimal state of arousal Process Model of Emotion Regulation (Gross, 1998, 2002) Individual Emotion Regulation Response modulation Which techniques do you know? Calming Breathing techniques PMR Meditation Arousing Breathing techniques Music Smells Individual Emotion Regulation Embodiment Individual Emotion Regulation Embodiment How could you use embodiment in your games? Individual Emotion Regulation Process Model of Emotion Regulation (Gross, 1998, 2002) What about group emotions? (Tamminen, 2016) Research to date mainly focuses on individual emotions Collective emotions are especially high when identification with the group is high What about group emotions? (Tamminen, 2016) Group-based Emotions: Reaction as a member of the group, rather than as an individual (e.g., feeling proud or ashamed of the group) Collective Emotions: Collective experience of emotions in specific situation (e.g., celebration of a goal) Emotional Contagion: Transfer of emotions between members of a group (e.g., my teammate pulls me down)  Emotions as Social Information (EASI) Model Van Kleef (2009) emotions serve to communicate important social information to other people “Emotion is not just a feeling. Emotion is for influence.” PSY C30 00 - Dr Vanessa Wer gin 33 Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Target of regulation Own affect Others‘ affect Worsen affect Improve affect Regulatory motive Intrinsic Extrinsic affect-improving affect-improving Intrinsic Extrinsic affect-worsening affect-worsening The four key characteristics of interpersonal emotion regulation (Niven, 2017). Interpersonal Emotion Regulation What do you do to regulate your teammates emotions? Emotion Regulation and Performance Individual ER Interpersonal ER Affect redirection of attention humor improving distraction distraction cognitive reappraisal goal setting self-talk positive appraisals imagery goal setting relaxation Affect suppression ignoring teammates worsening using threats / punishment calling out athletes Friesen et al. (2013); Jones (2012), Tamminen et al. (2019, Friesen et al., (2015), Niven (2017), Tamminen et al., (2016, 2019, 2022), Tamminen & Crocker (2013), Uphill et al. 2022), Palmateer & Tamminen (2018); Tamminen & Crocker (2013) (2009)Tamminen & Gaudreau (2014), Wagstaff (2014) 36 Interpersonal Emotion Regulation - Examples Providing feedback Cheering someone up Regulate own emotions for the sake of the team Model emotions Make someone aware of emotions Prosocial behaviours (social support) Nonverbal emotion regulation (high-five, huddle, hug, etc.) Reframing situation Distracting someone from a situation Setting goals to motivate Humour Interpersonal Emotion Regulation – Strategies (Niven, 2007) Change Problem focused change (supportive conversation) Person focused change (focus on positive characteristics) Acceptance Humour Attention Distraction Worship Interpersonal Emotion Regulation – Strategies (Wergin & Haehl, 2024) Teammate talk 1-2 weeks before tournament What do I need? What don‘t I? What type am I? Shortly before tournament What do we do, when things go wrong? (e.g., timeout) Who takes over what role? During timeouts Good, better, how? Reading Tamminen, K., Wolf, S. A., Dunn, R., & Bissett, J. E. (2022). A review of the interpersonal experience, expression, and regulation of emotions in sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1-38. PSYC3000 - Dr Vanessa Wergin 40 Questions related to Assignment 1 Assignment 1 You will be placed into a group of 4 (possibly 5 or 3 depending on final course numbers). In your group you will choose a sporting team or individual performer and identify a performance issue they are currently facing. The issue should be real, and verifiable within reason. Once identified, you will develop a case formulation (presenting problem, predisposing factors, precipitating factors, perpetuating factors, and protective factors), and design an intervention to address the performance issue. The intervention must have strong psychological component, but a multidisciplinary approach is encouraged. You will nominate someone from your group to submit a 1-page document (no longer) summarising the case formulation, intervention (including timeline & logistics), and intended outcomes. This is due 04/09/2024 before the lecture. You will present as a group during contact hours on 04/09/2024, immediately after your presentation please send all supporting resources (i.e. presentation slides, notes, videos, articles etc.) to the course coordinator. Both items 3. and 4. should be send to [email protected] PSYC3000 - Dr Vanessa Wergin 42