Physical Science Quarter 3 Module 8 PDF

**Physical Science** **Quarter 3 - Module 8** **Active Ingredient(s) of Cleaning** **Products Used at Home** **Use of the Other Ingredients** **in Cleaning Agents**   **What I Need To Know** This module helps you understand the properties and mode o...

**Physical Science** **Quarter 3 - Module 8** **Active Ingredient(s) of Cleaning** **Products Used at Home** **Use of the Other Ingredients** **in Cleaning Agents**   **What I Need To Know** This module helps you understand the properties and mode of action of the consumer products. The module consists of two (2) lessons namely: - - After going through this module, you are expected to: - - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Physical Science** | Active Ingredient(s) of Cleaning | | | Products Used at Home | | **Q3 Module 8 Lesson 1** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ Chemical reaction occurs when there is enough energy between reactants and creates products. The reaction can increase or decrease temperature which is one of the reasons that cleaning household products can burn skin or cause irritation. ***What's In*** **Activity 1: Will it Works?** Look at least two (2) cleaning products available in your home. Apply it as to how it is used. Record your observations on how fast it works according to its use on the table below. Name of Cleaning Product Observations -------------------------- -------------- 1. 2. *Note*: Be very careful in handling the household cleaning products. ***What's New*** **Activity 1.2: Fruity Agents** Direction**:** Aside from being our food, give the other use of these fruits/vegetables. Explain why these fruits/vegetables could be useful as cleaning materials or agents. "Fruits/ Vegetables as Cleaning Agents" Fruits/vegetables Use ------------------- ----- 1\. Calamansi 2.Tomatoes 3\. Papaya ***What is It*** **Active Ingredients of Cleaning Products Used at Home** There are lots of cleaning products we use daily in our home, office, or school. These cleaning products play an important vital role in order to make our home spick and span. They also help in safely and effectively removing dirt, germs and other contaminants. They can also prevent the spread of infectious diseases and control allergens, such as dust and mold, in order to keep us healthy. Cleaning products also enable us to care for our homes and possessions. There are different kinds of cleaning products. These are laundry detergents, bleaches, dishwashing products and other household cleaners. Active ingredients are found in different household cleaning products. They may give different side effects to human. They can give either positive or negative side effects to us. So before using these cleaning materials be sure to read first the instructions. Don't forget to follow all precautionary and safety measures before using them. Here are some of the active ingredients found in different cleaning materials we use at home. *1. Alcohol Ethoxylate (AE)* Alcohol ethoxylates are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, (1) the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and (2) the hydrophilic, polyoxymethylene chain. Alcohol ethoxylate surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (i.e. oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. Because these compounds are surfactants, they can be used whenever oily substances encounter water or a surface. It can be used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, degreasers and emollients in many lines of commercially available products and industrial practices. *2. Sodium Alkyl Sulfates* Sodium alkyl sulfate are members of [alkyl sulfates.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyl_sulfate) They are water-soluble and can form soap bubbles. The chemical formula is C~n~H~2n+1~OSO~2~ONa. It can be used in detergents, dish washing liquids, shower gels, shampoos, hair conditioners and fabric softeners. It can also be used as fire extinguishing agent, because it is not flammable. In the cosmetic industry it is used as an [emulsifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsifier) to mix oily and water-soluble compounds for toothpaste or moisturizing products. It can produce irritating vapors when heated, consisting of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and others. As all detergents it can irritate skin and eyes. If swallowed, it will cause nausea or vomiting. *3. Amine Oxide* An amine oxide, also known as amine-N-oxide and N-oxide, is a chemical compound that contains the functional group R3N+--O−, an N--O bond with three additional hydrogen and/or hydrocarbon side chains attached to Long-chain alkyl amine oxides are used as nonionic surfactants and foam stabilizers. Amine oxides are highly polar molecules and have a polarity close to that of quaternary ammonium salts. Small amine oxides are very hydrophilic and have an excellent water solubility and a very poor solubility in most organic solvents. *4. Ammonia* Ammonia is a colorless, *soluble alkali gas* that occurs naturally in the environment. It is a chemical containing *one nitrogen and three hydrogen* atoms bonded together. It was traditionally used in many household cleaners, though today it\'s still found in glass cleaner, all-purpose cleaners, and smelling salts. When used in cleaning compounds, it's called *"household ammonia."* Ammonia fumes are powerful irritant, potentially harming your skin, eyes, nose, lungs and throat. When found in oven cleaners and window cleaning formulations, it is an irritant to the mucous membranes. When working with ammonia, wearing heavy-duty gloves, goggles, and a face mask are smart precautions to protect your health. *5. Sodium hypochlorite* Sodium hypochlorite also known as bleach is another *alkali disinfectant*. Bleach works by oxidizing or breaking down the molecular bonds of stains and germs. Another useful but dangerous cleaner it also has strong corrosive properties that may do serious damage to the human body. Ammonia and bleach are a particularly dangerous combination, creating potentially deadly gases when mixed. Never store these two chemicals in the same place. Bleach in the bottle is generally a five percent solution. Toxic chlorine gas can be formed if bleach is mixed with acids, such as bowl cleaners. *6. Ethanol* Ethanol is a natural byproduct of plant fermentation and can be produced through the hydration of ethylene. It mixes easily with water and many organic compounds, and makes an effective [solvent](https://www.chemicalsafetyfacts.org/solvents/) for use in paints, lacquers and varnish, as well as personal care and household cleaning products. Ethanol is highly flammable and should not be used near open flames. Ethanol inhalation can cause coughing or headaches. *7. Phenol* Phenol, any of a family of [organic compounds](https://www.britannica.com/science/organic-compound) characterized by a hydroxyl (―OH) group attached to a [carbon](https://www.britannica.com/science/carbon-chemical-element) atom that is part of an aromatic ring. Besides serving as the generic name for the entire family, the term *phenol* is also the specific name for its simplest member, monohydroxybenzene (C~6~H~5~OH), also known as benzenol, or [carbolic acid.](https://www.britannica.com/science/carbolic-acid) Phenols are similar to [alcohols](https://www.britannica.com/science/alcohol) but form stronger hydrogen bonds. They are more soluble in [water](https://www.britannica.com/science/water) than are alcohols and have higher [boiling points.](https://www.britannica.com/science/boiling-point) Phenols occur either as colorless [liquids](https://www.britannica.com/science/liquid-state-of-matter) or white [solids](https://www.britannica.com/science/solid-state-of-matter) at room temperature and may be highly toxic and caustic. Phenols are widely used in household products and as intermediates for industrial synthesis. For example, phenol itself is used (in low concentrations) as a disinfectant in household cleaners and in mouthwash. Phenol may have been the first surgical [antiseptic.](https://www.britannica.com/science/antiseptic) In 1865 the British surgeon [*Joseph Lister*](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Lister-Baron-Lister-of-Lyme-Regis) used phenol as an antiseptic to sterilize his operating field. *8. Quaternary ammonium* The quaternary ammonium compounds (or quats) are a family of low-level disinfectants (according to Spaulding) with most quats being derived from benzalkonium. Quats are reacted to provide a variety of chain lengths and molecular structures so that the mix of quats used in the disinfectant provide a wider range of efficacy than a single chain. Quats are generally used to disinfect countertops, toilets and other high touch environmental surfaces and floors. Quaternary ammonium compounds are cationic disinfectants. This means the quats chain carries a positive (plus) charge on one end of the molecule; many soils and soaps/detergents carry an anionic or negative (minus) charge. Quats can also bind with, or be absorbed by, materials and fibers including cotton (e.g., cleaning rags and mops). Quats generally take 3-10 minutes to disinfect and should be used with cleaning tools that are tested to be compatible. *9. Sodium percarbonate.* Sodium percarbonate is a powder that releases hydrogen peroxide, and very concentrated. It is a granulated powder which can be nice for scrubbing stains and stuck-on-gunk off dishes. Scouring powder is made from hydrogen peroxide. It can be made into a paste, too, and used on tile grout and tough stains. In using this product, follow and read the instructions carefully. Be very careful in handling all household cleaning products.  +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **List of** | | | | | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | Bleach | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Toilet bowl | | | | | | cleaner | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ After filling up the table, check the common active ingredients present in all cleaning products. ***What I Have Learned*** **Directions:** 1.With the following ingredients, specify their use as household cleaning materials. b. c. d. 2.What properties they possessed to be considered as cleaning products. 3\. Explain why these are useful not only as ingredients but also as household cleaning products. 4\. Take all the necessary care in doing the activity. 5\. Wear necessary gears in performing the activity. 6\. Write your output in a separate sheet of paper. "Ingredients as Household Cleaning Products" Ingredients Uses Properties ------------- ------ ------------ Garlic Onion Salt Vinegar  ***What I Can Do*** **Activity 1.5: Jingle** Direction: Compose a jingle related to the topic active ingredients of cleaning agents. Write your output in a separate sheet of paper. **Rubrics** +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Criteri | | | | **Needs | **Score** | | a** | | | | Improveme | | | | | | | nt | | | | | | | (1pt)** | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | | Informati | | Informati | | | | | on | | on | | | | | are | | is clear | | | | | clearly | | | | | | | presented | | Order of | | | | | and | | informati | | | | | ordered | | on | | | | | in such a | | | | | | | way that | | does not | | | | | it brings | | clearly | | | | | a full | | show | | | | | picture | | | | | | | of the | | | | | | | material | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | It is | | Visually | | | | | visually | | pleasing | | | | | inviting | | and | | | | | and easy | | readable | | | | | to read | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | All | | Some | | | | | spelling | | spelling | | | | | and | | | | | | | grammar | | and | | | | | are | | grammar | | | | | correct | | | | | | | | | error | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | Submitted | | Submitted | | | | | on time | | on time | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ ***Assessment*** Direction: Write T if statement is *true* and F if the statement is *false* and choose the word or set of words that make it incorrect. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1\. Sodium percarbonate is a granulated powder that can be used in scrubbing stains. 2\. Alcohol Ethoxylate are being synthesized through the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide. 3. Quaternary ammonium are compounds that belong to the family of high-level disinfectants. 4. Sodium alkyl sulfate are water-soluble sulfates that can form soap bubbles. 5. Phenols form stronger hydrogen bonds and more soluble in [water](https://www.britannica.com/science/water) than alcohols. 6. Small amine oxides are very hydrophilic and have an excellent water solubility. 7. Bleach is the other name for sodium hypochlorite. 8. Alcohol ethoxylate is an alkyl sulfate that enhances the mixing and solubilization of oil and water. 9. Quat is a powder that releases hydrogen peroxide which can be used for scrubbing stains. 10. Ethanol is a byproduct of plant fermentation and produced through the hydration of ethylene. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Physical Science** | Use of the Other Ingredients in | | | Cleaning Agents | | **Q3 Module 8 Lesson 2** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+  In cooking, there are many interpretations of some dishes. But when one or two ingredients are lacking, the food that you will eat will not be delicious as what you expect. The same with the cleaning products. It is not only the active ingredient that plays an important role in cleaning agent but also the other ingredients. ***What's In*** Cleaning products or agents are very helpful in maintaining our home a conducive place for relaxation. They can remove dirt, dust, bad odor, and other contaminants present in every corner of our home. They have different ingredients that suit to different cleaning products. Some can kill virus and bacteria while being able to clean an area. Others contain ingredients that can remove grease or oil on the surface. Most of the cleaning agents remove the foul odor in the surroundings. ***What's New*** **Activity 1.1: "What's that Word?"** Cleaning products play an essential role in daily life. They can remove dirt and stains from our clothes, dried on food from our dishes and even germs from our hands! Let's learn more about the chemistry that makes this happen. But before that let's solve these jumbled words below to see what our next lesson will be. Direction: Arrange the following jumbled letters to form the words related to cleaning agents/ingredients/products. 1. S N D H A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 6. E C N A L \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. E A G S R E \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 7. U E H S O \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. I T D R \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 8. L H T E H A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. S V U R I \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 9. L A O H L C O \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 5. T A B E I A C R \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 10. D I C A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Uses of the Other Ingredients in Cleaning Products** With the different household cleaning products that we have in the market today, we don't know which the best is to use in our household We assume that these cleaning products are safe to use. In fact, many popular household cleaners are dangerously toxic. They contain different ingredients that are harmful to our health Together with the active ingredient there are other ingredients found in cleaning agents. Let's look at their uses. *1.Builders* Builders are one of the important group of ingredients that help make cleaning products better. Builders give the surfactants a helping hand. They are found in several different kinds of products, but you need less of them than you do surfactants. Builders help make the surfactant more powerful by reacting with stuff found in tap water. Water in your home may contain minerals (such as calcium and magnesium). The more minerals in your water, the "harder" the water is. It is not bad to have minerals in water, but it can leave white marks on surfaces (like dishes). When calcium and magnesium are present in water, they will stop surfactants from being able to do their job of removing soil. Builders help prevent this by keeping the minerals out of the way of the surfactants. This leaves the surfactants alone to focus on the soil. 2. *Solvents* Solvents are chemicals that help ingredients stay mixed and gives cleaning products the right thickness, so they are easy to use. In addition, solvents can help to prevent liquid products from freezing in cold climates. Without solvents, a product will be very thick. But for other products, we want the liquid to pour out of the bottle. When we add solvents, we decrease the viscosity, meaning the liquid will move faster when poured out of the bottle. The solvent also helps to makes sure we do not end up with a separated solution like when you have pulp at the bottom of your glass of orange juice. 3. *Enzymes* Enzymes are powerful stain removing ingredients. Their power is to break down stains just like the enzymes in our digestive system help break down the food we eat. Enzymes are not living organisms but are created by naturally occurring microorganisms, like bacteria and fungi. In the laboratory, we use carefully selected microorganisms and allow them to grow in a very controlled environment. As they grow, they produce the desired enzymes. 4. *Fragrances* Fragrances are a group of ingredients that provide the cleaning product with a pleasant smell. They are not found in every product, and typically a very small amount can make a large difference in smell. In many cases, the fragrance is the driving factor for why someone decided to buy a specific product. A fragrance is a mix of many different substances. These ingredients may be natural compounds (that come from materials like flowers, fruit, trees, plants, or nuts), essential oils, or synthetic compounds. *5.Preservatives* Just like it is important to prevent food from spoiling, cleaning products need to be preserved as well. Adding a small amount of a preservative protects the product from microorganisms. A preservative is a substance that is added to a cleaning product in order to make it stable and safe for a longer period. Without a preservative, it is possible for bacteria or fungi to grow in the product. This can cause the ingredients in the product (like surfactants and enzymes) to break down and not work as well. Adding a preservative allows a cleaning product to stay on the shelf longer both in the store and in your home. *6. pH Adjusters* Every cleaning product needs to be "balanced" to work well and to be safe for your skin. In order to do this, chemists use pH adjusters to make sure the product is balanced and safe for you to use. The amount used depends on the other ingredients in the formula. pH is a measure of how acidic (like lemon juice) or basic (like baking soda) a solution is. One way to measure this is by using the pH scale. The pH scale is read from 0 to 14 and tells us if a solution is acidic or basic. Pure water has a pH of 7, which means it's neutral. pH adjusters are used in cleaning products to raise or lower the pH of a solution, making it either more basic or acidic. Chemists make sure that the product is effective while balancing safety, in part, by making sure the pH will not be harmful if it touches your skin. If the pH is less than 7, then the solution is acidic. Lemon juice has a pH around 2. Our skin is slightly acidic, with a pH on average near 5. If our skin comes into contact with a chemical that is too acidic it can cause itching or discomfort. Adjusting the pH helps to keep the product working well as it gets old. It also affects how the product cleans. For example, each surfactant has a different pH level in which they are the most powerful. Therefore, a chemist may want to adjust the pH to that level. If the pH is greater than 7, then the solution is basic. For example, baking soda has a pH of around 9. If a solution is too alkaline (basic), it can also irritate your skin. *7.Dye* There are several other ingredients used in cleaning products that help create a unique experience. For example, dye can be used to give a product color. 8. *Thickener* Thickeners give soap the proper viscosity (thickness), making sure it can still flow out of a bottle. Can you imagine trying to wash your hands with a soap that feels like water? It would run right off your skin! 9. *Foam Enhancer* Foam Enhancers help create suds or bubbles. While not necessary for effective cleaning, many people feel bubbles show that a product is working. 10. *Antibacterial or Disinfecting Ingredients* Cleaning washes away germs with any dirt and soil that is removed, but a further reduction of germs can be achieved by using additional ingredients that will kill germs. Antibacterial or disinfecting ingredients can be included in a cleaning or hand hygiene product or used separately after cleaning. Their use provides a further reduction in germs on our hands or surfaces in our homes. This reduction of germs helps to prevent people from getting sick when commonly used surfaces, such as door handles, or our hands are cleansed using these products. In environments with sick individuals or where food is prepared, this is especially important. There are many different types of antibacterial or disinfecting ingredients. Depending on the chosen ingredient used in a product, it may be more effective on certain microbes that make us sick like bacteria, viruses or mold. **Activity 1.2 "A Powerful Tool"** Direction: Make a short poem about the use of other ingredients found in household cleaning products incorporating your answers in Activity 1.1. *Rubrics* +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Criteria | | | | (1pt) | Score | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ *Highest possible score: (4x4)/4= 4 components* **Activity 1.3 "Puzzled Ingredient"** Direction: Find in the puzzle the given words below. Preservative Solvents E N N C E T B F --- --- -- -- --- --- --- -- --- --- -- --- S E B C N A U R M O G H Z X I A O C L M Y C L G N P A S M U D R J S E R E E E A U P W N S T R N I H I O T G S C C A U S T R E E D I N F E T A T P R E R V T I E ***What I Can Do*** **Activity 1.4 "A Safe Environment"** Direction: With your knowledge on the different ingredients of cleaning products, make a poster on safe storage and use of the different cleaning agents. Write a short description of your work. *Rubrics* +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Criteria | | | | (1pt) | Score | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ *Highest possible score: (4x4)/4= 4 components* ***Assessment*** Direction: Write the letter that match the different ingredients of cleaning agents with their uses. **Use** **Ingredients** ----------------------------------------------------- ------------------ \_\_\_\_1. Washes away germs with any dirt A. Antibacterial \_\_\_\_2. Give surfactants a helping hand B. Builders \_\_\_\_3. Create suds or bubbles C. Dye \_\_\_\_4. cleaning agents the right thickness D. Enzymes \_\_\_\_5. Making the product balanced E. Foam enhancer \_\_\_\_6. Powerful stain removing ingredient F. Fragrance \_\_\_\_7. Protects products from microorganism G. pH \_\_\_\_8. Provide product with a pleasant smell H. pH adjuster \_\_\_\_9. Helps keep minerals out of way I. Preservatives \_\_\_\_10. Prevents products from freezing J. Solvents \_\_\_\_11. Mix of many different substances \_\_\_\_12. Allows cleaning product to stay longer \_\_\_\_13. Measures how a solution is acid or base \_\_\_\_14. Helps create a new experience \_\_\_\_15. Prevent people from getting sick