PS Chapter 5 SG Practice Problems PDF

Practice Problems for Each Section Name: 1. The Octet Rule Problem 1: Why do atoms of the following elements tend to gain or lose electrons, and how many electrons are involved? Write the resulting ion. a. Sodium (Na) b. Chlorine (Cl) c. Oxygen (O) Problem 2:...

Practice Problems for Each Section Name: 1. The Octet Rule Problem 1: Why do atoms of the following elements tend to gain or lose electrons, and how many electrons are involved? Write the resulting ion. a. Sodium (Na) b. Chlorine (Cl) c. Oxygen (O) Problem 2: Explain why neon (Ne) does not readily form chemical bonds with other elements. Problem 3: Which of the following elements would form an ion with a charge of +2? Explain your reasoning. a. Calcium (Ca) b. Sulfur (S) c. Aluminum (Al) 2. Types of Chemical Bonds Problem 1: Identify the type of bond (ionic, covalent, or metallic) in the following compounds: a. KCl b. H₂O c. Cu (metal wire) Problem 2: Why are covalent bonds common between nonmetals but not between metals? Problem 3: Predict whether the following pairs of elements will form ionic or covalent bonds. Justify your answer. a. Sodium (Na) and Fluorine (F) b. Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) c. Magnesium (Mg) and Oxygen (O) 3. Polar Covalent Bonds Problem 1: Identify whether the following bonds are polar covalent or nonpolar covalent: a. H–H (Hydrogen gas) b. H–Cl (Hydrogen chloride) c. O–H (in water, H₂O) Problem 2: Explain why water (H₂O) is a polar molecule, but methane (CH₄) is nonpolar despite both having covalent bonds. Problem 3: Arrange the following bonds in order of increasing polarity: C–H, O–H, H–H 4. How Covalent Bonds Work Problem 1: Draw the Lewis dot structure for the following molecules: a. Cl₂ b. CO₂ c. NH₃ Problem 2: Identify the number of shared pairs of electrons in the following bonds: a. Single bond (H₂) b. Double bond (O₂) c. Triple bond (N₂) Problem 3: How does the sharing of electrons in covalent bonds differ from the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds? 5. Predicting Ionic Formulas and Names Problem 1: Predict the formula and name for the compound formed by: a. Sodium (Na) and Sulfur (S) b. Calcium (Ca) and Chlorine (Cl) Problem 2: Write the formula for the following compounds: a. Aluminum oxide b. Potassium sulfide Problem 3: Name the following ionic compounds: a. MgBr₂ b. Li₃N 6. Using Oxidation States to Predict Ionic Formulas (Including Transition Metals) Problem 1: Predict the formula and name of the compound formed by: a. Iron(II) and Oxygen b. Copper(I) and Bromine Problem 2: Write the name of the following compounds: a. Fe₂O₃ b. SnCl₄ Problem 3: Write the formula for the following compounds: a. Cobalt(III) nitrate b. Lead(IV) oxide 7. Predicting Covalent Formulas and Writing Names Problem 1: Predict the formula and name for the compound formed by: a. Phosphorus and Fluorine b. Sulfur and Oxygen Problem 2: Write the name of the following covalent compounds: a. N₂O₄ b. PCl₅ Problem 3: Write the formula for the following compounds: a. Carbon tetrachloride b. Dinitrogen trioxide