Protists PDF

Protists +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Excavata* | **Diplomona | **Diplomona | *Giardia | | | * | ds | ds** | intestinali | | | | & | | s* | | |...

Protists +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Excavata* | **Diplomona | **Diplomona | *Giardia | | | * | ds | ds** | intestinali | | | | & | | s* | | | -'excavated | Parabasalid | -[reproduct | (inhabits | | | ' | s** | ion]{.under | intestines | | | groove on | | line}: | of mammals) | | | one side of | -lack | asexual | | | | cell body | plastids | | | | | | | -[nutrition | | | | -modified | -highly | al | | | | mitochondri | modified | mode]{.unde | | | | a | mitochondri | rline}: | | | | | a | heterotroph | | | | -unique | | ic | | | | flagella | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | -many | | features]{. | | | | heterotroph | | underline}: | | | | ic | | | | | | and | | -mitosomes | | | | photosynthe | | (lack | | | | tic | | functional | | | | | | ETC) | | | | | | | | | | | | -two equal | | | | | | sized | | | | | | nuclei and | | | | | | multiple | | | | | | flagella | | | | | | | | | | | | -use of | | | | | | anaerobic | | | | | | biochemical | | | | | | pathways | | | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | | | **Parabasal | *Trichomona | | | | | ids** | s | | | | | | vaginalis* | | | | | -[reproduct | (sexually | | | | | ion]{.under | transmitted | | | | | line}: | , | | | | | asexual | in human | | | | | | reproductiv | | | | | -[nutrition | e | | | | | al | and urinary | | | | | mode]{.unde | tracts, has | | | | | rline}: | undulating | | | | | heterotroph | membrane) | | | | | ic | | | | | | (parasitic) | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | | | | | | | | | | | | -hydrogenos | | | | | | omes | | | | | | (generate | | | | | | energy | | | | | | anaerobical | | | | | | ly, | | | | | | H~2~ | | | | | | | | | | | | byproduct) | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | **Euglenozo | **Kinetopla | *Trypanosom | | | | ans** | stids**\ | a* | | | | | -[reproduct | | | | | -predatory | ion]{.under | (sleeping | | | | heterotroph | line}: | sickness | | | | s, | asexual | and | | | | photosynthe | | possibly | | | | tic | -[nutrition | neurologica | | | | autotrophs, | al | l | | | | mixotrophs, | mode]{.unde | disease, | | | | parasites | rline}: | evade | | | | | heterotroph | immune | | | | -presence | s | response w/ | | | | of rod w/ | (predatory, | 'bait-and-s | | | | either | parasitic) | witch | | | | spiral or | | \[switching | | | | crystalline | -[unique | of surface | | | | structure | features]{. | protein | | | | inside | underline}: | when | | | | flagella | | recognized\ | | | | | -large | ]) | | | | | mitochondri | | | | | | on | | | | | | mitochondri | | | | | | on | | | | | | filled w/ | | | | | | | | | | | | kinetoplast | | | | | | (DNA) | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | **Euglenids | *Euglena* | | | | | ** | | | | | | | (commonly | | | | | -[reproduct | found in | | | | | ion]{.under | pondwater) | | | | | line}: | | | | | | asexual | | | | | | (binary | | | | | | fission) | | | | | | | | | | | | -[nutrition | | | | | | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | | | rline}: | | | | | | mixotrophs, | | | | | | phagocytosi | | | | | | s | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | | | | | | | | | | | | -eyespot | | | | | | (allows | | | | | | light from | | | | | | certain | | | | | | direction | | | | | | to strike | | | | | | | | | | | | light | | | | | | detector) | | | | | | | | | | | | -light | | | | | | detector | | | | | | (detects | | | | | | light, | | | | | | makes it | | | | | | move | | | | | | towards | | | | | | | | | | | | light | | | | | | source) | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **SAR** | **Stramenop | **Diatoms** | *Triceratiu | | | | iles** | | m | | | -defined by | | -[reproduct | morlandii* | | | DNA | -2 flagella | ion]{.under | | | | sequence | (hairy+smoo | line}: | | | | | th) | asexual | | | | | | | | | | | -mostly | -[nutrition | | | | | photosynthe | al | | | | | tic | mode]{.unde | | | | | | rline}: | | | | | | photoautotr | | | | | | ophs | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | | | | | | | | | | | | -cell wall | | | | | | made of | | | | | | silicon | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | **Golden | *Chrysophyc | | | | | algae** | eae* | | | | | | | | | | | -[reproduct | *Dinobryon* | | | | | ion]{.under | | | | | | line}: | | | | | | asexual | | | | | | | | | | | | -[nutrition | | | | | | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | | | rline}: | | | | | | all | | | | | | photoautotr | | | | | | oph, | | | | | | some | | | | | | mixotrophs | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | | | | | | | | | | | | -yellow/bro | | | | | | wn | | | | | | carotenoids | | | | | | | | | | | | -biflagella | | | | | | ted | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | **Brown | *Laminaria* | | | | | algae** | | | | | | | | | | | | -[reproduct | | | | | | ion]{.under | | | | | | line}: | | | | | | asexual and | | | | | | sexual | | | | | | | | | | | | -[nutrition | | | | | | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | | | rline}: | | | | | | photoautotr | | | | | | oph | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | | | | | | | | | | | | -brown/oliv | | | | | | e | | | | | | carotenoids | | | | | | | | | | | | -holdfast, | | | | | | stipe, | | | | | | blade | | | | | | (plant-like | | | | | | structure) | | | | | | | | | | | | -cell walls | | | | | | have gel | | | | | | forming | | | | | | substance | | | | | | (algin) | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | **Alveolate | **Dinoflage | *Pfiesteria | | | | s** | llates** | shumwayae* | | | | | | | | | | -membrane-e | -[reproduct | | | | | nclosed | ion]{.under | | | | | sacs | line}: | | | | | (alveoli) | mainly | | | | | under | asexual | | | | | plasma | | | | | | membrane | -[nutrition | | | | | | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | | | rline}: | | | | | | heterotroph | | | | | | ic, | | | | | | if | | | | | | photosynthe | | | | | | tic | | | | | | then | | | | | | mixotrophic | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | | | | | | | | | | | | -cells | | | | | | reinforced | | | | | | by | | | | | | cellulose | | | | | | plates | | | | | | | | | | | | -two | | | | | | flagella | | | | | | located in | | | | | | grooves, | | | | | | cause of | | | | | | spinning | | | | | | | | | | | | motion | | | | | | | | | | | | -red/pink | | | | | | carotenoid | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | **Apicomple | *Plasmodium | | | | | xans** | * | | | | | | (malaria) | | | | | -[reproduct | | | | | | ion]{.under | | | | | | line}: | | | | | | asexual and | | | | | | sexual | | | | | | | | | | | | -[nutrition | | | | | | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | | | rline}: | | | | | | chemohetero | | | | | | troph | | | | | | (parasitic) | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | | | | | | | | | | | | -use of | | | | | | sporozoites | | | | | | | | | | | | -apex of | | | | | | sporozoites | | | | | | penetrate | | | | | | host cells | | | | | | and tissues | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | **Ciliates* | *Paramecium | | | | | * | * | | | | | | | | | | | -[reproduct | | | | | | ion]{.under | | | | | | line}: | | | | | | usually | | | | | | asexual | | | | | | | | | | | | -[nutrition | | | | | | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | | | rline}: | | | | | | chemohetero | | | | | | trophs | | | | | | | | | | | | **Ciliates | | | | | | (cont.)** | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | | | | | | | | | | | | -use of | | | | | | cilia for | | | | | | motility | | | | | | and feeding | | | | | | | | | | | | -two | | | | | | nuclei: | | | | | | micro + | | | | | | macro | | | | | | | | | | | | -exchange | | | | | | of | | | | | | micronuclei | | | | | | but don't | | | | | | reproduce | | | | | | | | | | | | -macro | | | | | | disintegrat | | | | | | es | | | | | | & new on | | | | | | formed from | | | | | | cell's | | | | | | | | | | | | micronuclei | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | **Rhizarian | **Radiolari | | | | | s** | ans** | | | | | | | | | | | -move and | -[reproduct | | | | | feed using | ion]{.under | | | | | pseudopodia | line}: | | | | | | asexual | | | | | -cytoplasmi | (???) | | | | | c | | | | | | streaming: | -[nutrition | | | | | pseudopod | al | | | | | projects | mode]{.unde | | | | | outward, | rline}: | | | | | cytoplasm | chemohetero | | | | | transported | trophs | | | | | into | | | | | | pseudopod | -[unique | | | | | (used for | features]{. | | | | | motility | underline}: | | | | | and | | | | | | distributio | -symmetrica | | | | | n | l | | | | | of | internal | | | | | nutrients) | skeletons | | | | | | | | | | | | -pseudopodi | | | | | | a | | | | | | radiate | | | | | | from | | | | | | central | | | | | | body | | | | | | | | | | | | -glassy | | | | | | silica | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | **Foraminif | *Globigerin | | | | | erans** | a* | | | | | | | | | | | -[reproduct | | | | | | ion]{.under | | | | | | line}: | | | | | | sexual and | | | | | | asexual | | | | | | | | | | | | -[nutrition | | | | | | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | | | rline}: | | | | | | chemohetero | | | | | | troph, | | | | | | photosynthe | | | | | | sis | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | | | | | | | | | | | | -tests | | | | | | (hard pore | | | | | | filled | | | | | | shell) | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | **Cercozoan | *Paulinella | | | | | s** | chromatopho | | | | | | ra* | | | | | -[reproduct | | | | | | ion]{.under | | | | | | line}: | | | | | | asexual | | | | | | (???) | | | | | | | | | | | | -[nutrition | | | | | | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | | | rline}: | | | | | | mostly | | | | | | heterotroph | | | | | | s | | | | | | (parasitic/ | | | | | | predator) | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | | | | | | | | | | | | -pseudopodi | | | | | | a | | | | | | used for | | | | | | feeding | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Archaepla | **Red and | **Red | *Porphyra* | | | stids** | Green | algae** | (sushi...) | | | | Algae** | | | | | -red and | | -[reproduct | | | | green algae | | ion]{.under | | | | are the | | line}: | | | | closest | | sexual | | | | relatives | | | | | | of land | | -[nutrition | | | | plants | | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | -ancient | | rline}: | | | | protist | | photosynthe | | | | engulfed | | sis | | | | cyanobacter | | | | | | ium | | -[unique | | | | \>\> | | features]{. | | | | red/green | | underline}: | | | | algae \>\> | | | | | | land plants | | -phycoeryth | | | | | | rin | | | | -photosynth | | (photosynth | | | | etic | | etic | | | | | | pigment | | | | -form base | | that masks | | | | of food web | | | | | | in most | | green | | | | aquatic | | chlorophyll | | | | communities | | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | -lack of | | | | | | flagellated | | | | | | gametes, so | | | | | | dependent | | | | | | on water | | | | | | | | | | | | currents | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | **Green | *Chlamydomo | | | | | algae** | nas* | | | | | | | | | | | -[reproduct | *Ulva* | | | | | ion]{.under | | | | | | line}: | | | | | | sexual and | | | | | | asexual | | | | | | | | | | | | -[nutrition | | | | | | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | | | rline}: | | | | | | photosynthe | | | | | | sis | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features:]{ | | | | | |.underline} | | | | | | | | | | | | -structure | | | | | | and pigment | | | | | | composition | | | | | | similar to | | | | | | | | | | | | chloroplast | | | | | | s | | | | | | of land | | | | | | plants | | | | | | | | | | | | -charophyte | | | | | | s | | | | | | and | | | | | | chlorophyte | | | | | | s | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Unikonts* | **Amoebozoa | **Slime | *Dictyostel | | | * | ns** | molds** | ium | | | | | | discoideum* | | | -includes | -lobe- or | -produce | | | | protists | tube- | fruiting | (cellular) | | | that are | shaped | bodies | | | | closely | pseudopodia | aiding in | | | | related to | | spore | | | | fungi and | | dispersal | | | | animals | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | **Plasmodia | **Cellular | | | | | l | slime | | | | | slime | mold** | | | | | mold** | | | | | | | -[reproduct | | | | | -[reproduct | ion]{.under | | | | | ion]{.under | line}: | | | | | line}: | sexual | | | | | sexual | (solitary/f | | | | | | eeding | | | | | -[nutrition | stage) and | | | | | al | asexual | | | | | mode]{.unde | (food is | | | | | rline}: | depleted) | | | | | heterotroph | | | | | | (phagocytos | -[nutrition | | | | | is) | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | | -[unique | rline}: | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | -brightly | underline}: | | | | | colored | | | | | | yellow/oran | -independen | | | | | ge | t | | | | | | amoeboid | | | | | -huge | cells when | | | | | single cell | food is | | | | | with | abundant | | | | | numerous | | | | | | nuclei | -pile into | | | | | (plasmodium | mass of | | | | | ) | cells | | | | | | (slug) when | | | | | -plasmodium | food is | | | | | forms | depleted | | | | | stalked | | | | | | fruiting | -when food | | | | | bodies that | is | | | | | produce | depleted, | | | | | haploid | amoebas | | | | | spores when | aggregate, | | | | | food is | cells dry | | | | | scarce | up and form | | | | | | a stalk for | | | | | | asexual | | | | | | fruiting | | | | | | body, other | | | | | | cells go up | | | | | | stalk and | | | | | | develop | | | | | | into spores | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | **Tubulinid | *Amoeba | | | | | s** | proteus* | | | | | | | | | | | -[reproduct | | | | | | ion]{.under | | | | | | line}: | | | | | | ??? | | | | | | | | | | | | -[nutrition | | | | | | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | | | rline}: | | | | | | heterotroph | | | | | | (feed on | | | | | | bacteria | | | | | | and | | | | | | protists) | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | | | | | | | | | | | | **Tubulinid | | | | | | s | | | | | | (cont.)** | | | | | | | | | | | | -ubiquitous | | | | | | in soil, | | | | | | freshwater, | | | | | | marine | | | | | | environment | | | | | | s | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | **Entamoeba | *E. | | | | | s** | histolytica | | | | | | * | | | | | -[reproduct | | | | | | ion]{.under | | | | | | line}: | | | | | | asexual | | | | | | (binary | | | | | | fission) | | | | | | | | | | | | -[nutrition | | | | | | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | | | rline}: | | | | | | heterotroph | | | | | | (parasitic) | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | | | | | | | | | | | | -trophozoit | | | | | | e | | | | | | (feeding/di | | | | | | ving | | | | | | form) | | | | | | | | | | | | -infect all | | | | | | classes of | | | | | | vertebrate | | | | | | animals and | | | | | | some | | | | | | | | | | | | invertebrat | | | | | | e | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | **Opisthoko | -eukaryotes | Nucleariids | | | | nts** | | | | | | | -more | Choanoflage | | | | | closely | llates | | | | | related to | | | | | | fungi | Animals | | | | | | | | | | | | Fungi | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Oomycote* | **Water | -[reproduct | *Saprolegni | | | * | mold** | ion]{.under | a* | | | | | line}: | | | | | | motile | | | | | | asexual | | | | | | spores | | | | | | (zoospores) | | | | | | , | | | | | | sexual | | | | | | | | | | | | -[nutrition | | | | | | al | | | | | | mode]{.unde | | | | | | rline}: | | | | | | saprotroph | | | | | | (decompose | | | | | | plant and | | | | | | animal | | | | | | material) | | | | | | | | | | | | -[unique | | | | | | features]{. | | | | | | underline}: | | | | | | | | | | | | -important | | | | | | decomposer | | | | | | in | | | | | | freshwater | | | | | | environment | | | | | | s | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+