prokaryoteseukaryotes.pptx

Lesson 2.1 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes General Biology 1/2 1 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics What type of house would you prefer? How can you describe a “perfect” house? 2 Like the different types of houses, different organis...

Lesson 2.1 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes General Biology 1/2 1 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics What type of house would you prefer? How can you describe a “perfect” house? 2 Like the different types of houses, different organisms also have varying types of cells. 3 These cells also contain different structures that all contribute to the normal functions necessary for life, just like houses. 4 How can you differentiate a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell? 5 Learning Competency At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: Distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their distinguishing features. (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-3). 6  Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: Describe prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Compare and contrast the features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 7  The Two Types of Cell Prokaryotic Cell This can be compared to a studio-type of a condominium unit because of the lack of compartments. Overview of a prokaryotic cell 8  The Two Types of Cell Prokaryotic Cell Prokaryotic organisms are metabolically diverse because they can utilize different nutrients and energy sources and they can Overview of a prokaryotic cell inhabit all types of 9  The Two Types of Cell Prokaryotic Cell All bacteria that include the organisms of domains Archaea and Bacteria are considered as prokaryotes. Overview of a prokaryotic cell 10  The Two Types of Cell Eukaryotic Cell This is comparable to a mansion which has several rooms or compartments. Overview of a eukaryotic cell 11  The Two Types of Cell Eukaryotic Cell Domain Eukarya, which includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals, is eukaryotic. Overview of a eukaryotic cell 12  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Presence of Cell wall and Nucleus cell membrane Distinguishing Features (cellular parts) Endomembrane Ribosome and other organelles 13  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Presence of Nucleus Cell wall and cell membrane Endomembrane and other organelles Ribosome The genetic material is enclosed in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the nucleoid region of prokaryotes. 14  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Presence of Cell wall Cell wall Nucleus of eukaryotes of prokaryotes Cell wall and cell present in most membrane eukaryotic cells (these present in almost all are not found in Endomembrane prokaryotic cells animals and most and other organelles protists) Cell wall is either made Ribosome up of cellulose as in Cell wall is made up plants and chitin in of peptidoglycan. 15  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Presence of Cell membrane Cell membrane Nucleus of eukaryotes of prokaryotes Cell wall and cell The sterols that are They do not have membrane present in the cell sterols in the cell membrane are Endomembrane membrane but have a cholesterol (animals), and other sterol-like lipid organelles phytosterol (plants) component called and ergosterol hopanoid. Ribosome (fungi). 16  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Presence of Nucleus Endomembrane system Cell wall and cell It includes the rough and smooth membrane endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, endosome, Endomembrane and other and vacuole. organelles It is present in eukaryotic cells, but Ribosome not in prokaryotic cells. 17  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Ribosome Ribosome Presence of of eukaryotes of prokaryotes Nucleus Ribosomes can be Cell wall and cell found in the membrane cytoplasm, outer nuclear membrane, All ribosomes are found Endomembrane and other rough endoplasmic in the cytoplasm. organelles reticulum, mitochondrion, and Ribosome chloroplast. 18  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Presence of Ribosome Ribosome Nucleus of eukaryotes of prokaryotes Cell wall and cell Eukaryotes have 80S membrane ribosomes Prokaryotes have (mitochondria, and Endomembrane 70S ribosomes. chloroplast contain 70S and other organelles ribosomes) Ribosome 19 The DNA structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell is different from one another. Will it affect the process of DNA replication, transcription, and translation? If so, how? If not, why did you say so? 20  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Number of Shape of Chromosom Cell Size DNA e Other Distinguishing Features Mode of Transcription DNA Reproductio and Replication n Translation  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Chromosome Chromosome Mode of reproduction number number in eukaryotes in prokaryotes DNA replication more than one linear one covalent, closed, Transcription and Translation DNA with histone circular DNA 22  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation In eukaryotes, the DNA is wrapped around histones to form nucleosomes. 23  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Chromosome Chromosome number Number of number in eukaryotes chromosome in prokaryotes Cell size Eukaryotes have more than one chromosome Most prokaryotes Mode of reproduction so histones are have only one essential in packaging chromosome and an DNA replication DNA into nucleosomes extrachromosomal and helping it to DNA called a Transcription and Translation condense into plasmid. chromatin. 24  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Relative sizes of bacteria (prokaryote), Translation plant cell (eukaryote), and animal cell 25  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of Mode of Mode of chromosome reproduction reproduction Cell size in eukaryotes in prokaryotes Most prokaryotic cells Mode of In eukaryotic cells, reproduction reproduce through individual cells binary fission and DNA replication reproduce through some reproduce mitosis and meiosis. Transcription and through spores. Translation 26  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of chromosome Cell size Mode of reproduction DNA replication Transcription and Translation Eukaryotic cells undergoing mitosis 27  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of DNA replication DNA replication chromosome in eukaryotes in prokaryotes Cell size Eukaryotic cells have DNA replication multiple points of Mode of occurs in two reproduction origin and use opposing directions at unidirectional DNA replication the same time in the replication within the cytoplasm. Transcription and nucleus. Translation 28  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of DNA replication DNA replication chromosome in eukaryotes in prokaryotes Cell size Telomerase is Prokaryotic cells do involved in the not have telomeres so Mode of reproduction replication of telomerase is not telomeres of the present and involved DNA replication eukaryotic in their DNA Transcription and chromosome. replication. Translation 29  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of DNA replication DNA replication chromosome in eukaryotes in prokaryotes Cell size Eukaryotes only replicate their DNA Prokaryotes Mode of reproduction during the S-phase of continuously replicate interphase in cell their short DNA. DNA replication division. Transcription and Translation 30  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Number of Transcription and Transcription and chromosome translation translation Cell size in eukaryotes in prokaryotes The transcription Transcription and Mode of reproduction occurs in the nucleus translation can be and the translation done at the same DNA replication occurs in the time in the Transcription and cytoplasm. cytoplasm. Translation 31  Distinguishing Features of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Shape of DNA Transcription and Transcription and Number of translation translation chromosome in eukaryotes in prokaryotes Cell size No post- Post-transcriptional transcriptional Mode of reproduction processing is done in processing because eukaryotes to remove the DNA of DNA replication introns and come up prokaryotes does not Transcription and with the final RNA. have a non-coding Translation part called introns. 32 An unknown cell is discovered in a sulfur-rich area. The cell is about 750 µm in size but there are no partitions or compartments inside the cell. What type of cell is the unknown cell? 33  Check Your Understanding Write P if the statement applies to prokaryotes, E if it describes a eukaryote, and B if the statement is applicable for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 1. It has a circular genetic material. 2. Sterols are embedded in the cell membrane. 3. The process of translation occurs in the cytoplasm. 4. The cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan. 5. It undergoes binary fission to produce new cells. 34  Check Your Understanding Answer the questions correctly in 2-3 sentences only. 1. Discuss the importance of histones in a skin cell. 2. Compare and contrast bacterial cell wall and plant cell wall. 3. Describe the genetic material of Lactobacillus casei. 35  Let’s Sum It Up! Cells are classified into two types: prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell. ○ Prokaryotic cells are found in prokaryotic organisms while eukaryotic cells are found in eukaryotic organisms. Examples of prokaryotes are Archaeans and Bacteria. Examples of eukaryotes are plants, animals, fungi, and protists. 36  Let’s Sum It Up! Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells vary in terms of presence of nucleus, endomembrane system, cell wall and cell membrane, ribosome, shape of DNA and number of chromosome, cell size, DNA replication, transcription and translation, and mode of reproduction. 37 Challenge Yourself Why are mutations more common in prokaryotic cells than in eukaryotic cells? 38  Photo Credit Bibliography Blake, Leesa, and Donald I. Galbraith. McGraw-Hill Ryerson Biology 11. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2002. Campbell, Neil A. Biology (8th Edition), 2009. Campbell, Neil A., Michael L. Cain, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, and Steven Alexander Mitosis_(261_13)_Pressed;_root_meristem_of_onio Wasserman. Biology: a Global Approach. Harlow, n_(cells_in_prophase,_metaphase,_anaphase,_telo Essex, phase) England: Pearson Education Limited, 2018. by Josef Reischig is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Mader, Sylvia S. Concepts of Biology. New York: McGraw- via Wikimedia Commons. Hill, 2011. Madigan, Michael T., Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew. Sattley, and David A. Stahl. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. Harlow, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited, 2017. Study.com. Study.com. Accessed February 4, 2020. 39 https://study.com/academy/lesson/eukaryotic-and-