Prevention Planning PDF

Epidemiology and Rehabilitation (PT-110) Prevention Planning Dr.Rajasekar Sannasi MPT PhD Assistant Professor Department of Physiotherapy January 28, 2025...

Epidemiology and Rehabilitation (PT-110) Prevention Planning Dr.Rajasekar Sannasi MPT PhD Assistant Professor Department of Physiotherapy January 28, 2025 College of Health Sciences www.gmu.ac.ae College of Health Sciences Levels of prevention Primordial prevention Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention  Primordial prevention- it is done well in advance before the onset of the disease, mainly done in the childhood. Primary prevention- changing life style and introduced to health promotion. The above two are applicable in the pre-pathogenic phase of the disease  These two preventions are applied in the pathogenic stage of the disease ✓ Secondary prevention- the main intervention of secondary prevention is early diagnosis and reference ✓Territory prevention- treatment - disability limitation and rehabilitation  Screening program Screening is the process of identifying apparently healthy people who may have an increased chance of a disease or condition. Screening operates like a sieve. separating the people who probably do have the condition from those who probably do not. A screening test is never 100% accurate; it does not provide certainty but only a probability that a person is at risk (or risk-free) from the condition of interest. Screening as a sieve  Aims of Screening Program To reduce mortality by early detection and early treatment of a condition To reduce the incidence of a condition by identifying and treating its precursors To increase choice by identifying conditions or risk factors at an early stage in a life-course and offering effective treatment to reduce the severity.  Screening Vs Early Diagnosis Screening is not the same as early diagnosis. Screening invites people who do not have symptoms to undergo testing, whereas early diagnosis is intended to detect conditions as early as possible among people with symptoms.  Screening programs test large numbers of people. This requires considerable investment in equipment, personnel and information technology, which can strain a health system. In contrast, early diagnosis is a strategy focusing just on the people with symptoms, which is a much smaller number and therefore uses fewer resources  Rehabilitation Rehabilitation is a health service for people who experience a decline in their functioning due to an illness, injury, surgery, disability or age. Its primary goal is to help regain, maintain or improve functioning so the person can lead an independent and fulfilling live.  Rehabilitation Team The most common rehabilitation professionals include physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, audiologists, orthotists and prosthetists, clinical psychologists, physical medicine and rehabilitation doctors, and rehabilitation nurses. However, many more exist, and the professionals can vary between countries. Rehabilitation as treatment and prevention Rehabilitation is a health strategy for all. Since everyone will experience a health problem at some point over the lifespan, and everyone ages and inevitably declines in health. Rehabilitation is not usually a matter of curing but rather enhancing capacity; in itself, this may also promote health and prevent decline.  Rehabilitation includes prevention of the loss of function, restoration of function and increase or maintenance of current function.  Rehabilitation across life span Children with congenital and developmental disorders or who have sustained injuries can benefit from rehabilitation to continue with the school. Adults who have developed health problems or work injuries can benefit from rehabilitation so that they can return to work. Older people can benefit from rehabilitation that ensures independence and active ageing, and improves physical or mental functioning.