Prevention Of Oral Habits PDF

Dr. Rabab M. Abd El Hakam Researcher at the National Research Centre, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Department Lecturer at Ahram Canadian University Member of the Egyptian Society for Pediatric Dentistry and Children with Special Needs (ESPSN)...

Dr. Rabab M. Abd El Hakam Researcher at the National Research Centre, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Department Lecturer at Ahram Canadian University Member of the Egyptian Society for Pediatric Dentistry and Children with Special Needs (ESPSN) Member Of Center For Oral Dental and Health Promotion (CODE HP)  ILOS Identify common types of oral habits Identify most of the etiological factors Diagnose clinical features of each habit Set a treatment plan & manage habit  Definition Types Etiology Clinical features What is a habit ? A fixed practice established by frequent repetition of same act.  COMMON ORAL HABITS Thumb Mouth sucking breathing Lip biting Bruxism Tongue thrusting Etiological Factors in the Development of Oral Habits  I- Digit sucking (Thumb sucking)  One of the most common oral activities of infants and young children  Thumb sucking is more prevalent than finger sucking  Digit sucking (Thumb sucking) Etiology: 1. Imitation of other children 2. Feeding problem 3. Emotional disturbances or social problems Classification Phase 1: Phase 3: In the Extends from school child birth to 2 years extends from 6- considered 12 years. It's normal activity  more serious as which may be it may results in ignored in Phase 2: In the malocclusion infancy preschool child extends from 2-5 years. This results in temporary malformations of the jaws or displacement of the teeth. It is necessary to manage or correct the habit at this stage Clinical features: 1.Proclination and protrusion of the upper incisor teeth 2.The lower incisors may or may not be displaced lingually by the abnormal sucking habit 3.Anterior open bite 4.Posterior cross-bite due to over activity of buccinator compressing the maxilla 5. Tongue thrust 6.Digit deformation Digit-reddened, cleaned chapped and with short finger nail- clean dishpan thumb The severity of malocclusion caused by digit sucking depend on  A. Psychological Mean  Direct conversation with child (discussion between the child and dentist that express concern and explanation)  Reward system  B. Chemical mean Bitter-flavoured preparations or distasteful agents that are applied to the fingers or thumbs  C. Mechanical Mean  Application of adhesive tape to the thumb or finger  Hawely appliances with palatal bar may be fitted as a habit reminder  Active oral screen corrects the habit and corrects the protruded incisors  II- Mouth breathing Mouth breathing is defined as habitual breathing through mouth instead of nose Etiology:  Respiratory obstruction  Deviated nasal septum and/or nasal polyps  Enlarged adenoids and/or tonsils  Habitual: Who continually breathes through his mouth by force of habit, although abnormal obstruction has been removed Clinical features: 1.Protrusion of upper incisors 2.High arched palate 3.Chronic gingivitis 4.Increased incidence of caries. The front upper teeth are  Managemen t  Treatment of the cause  Passive oral screen in case of habitual type  Active oral screen in case of protruded incisors for correction of resultant malocclusion III- Lip biting and sucking habit Etiology : 1.Malocclusion : Class II division I 2.Habits: associated with other habits such as thumb sucking and digit sucking habit 3.Emotional stress and  Clinical manifestation Dental: a. Protrusion of maxillary incisors and b. Retrusion of mandibular incisor c. Increased overjet d. Anterior open bite Soft tissues: Lip: reddened, irritated in addition to probability of scarring  Management 1. Emotional therapy: involves self- discipline, not to perform the habit again 2. Lip moisteners 3. Correction of malocclusion class II division I 4. Treating the primary habits 5. Oral screen helps to stop the habit and also the incisal alignment 6. Habit breaking appliance (Lip Bumper)  IV- Bruxism. Definition Etiology Non-functional movement of  Emotional problem e.g. the mandible with or without psychological an audible sound occurring nervousness, tension during day or night  Occlusal interference due to faulty restoration, malocclusion, etc  Systemic factors like intestinal parasites, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and GI disturbances  Clinical Features 1.Occlusal wear of teeth and there will be chance of pulp exposure and decrease in vertical dimension 2.Teeth sensitivity 3.Unexpected fracture of teeth or restorations 4.TMJ pain and headache 5.Trauma to the periodontium  Management 1.Treatment of the cause 2.Psychotherapy and Tranquilizers 3.Occlusal adjustment 4.Stainless steel crowns may be used in posterior teeth to prevent further destruction of teeth and correct vertical dimension 5.Night guard  V- Tongue thrusting Etiology: 1.Persistence of infantile type of swallowing 2.Associated with thumb sucking 3.Respiratory obstruction 4.Macroglossia 5.Muscular imbalance as in cerebral palsy  Clinical Features 1.Protrusion of maxillary incisors 2.Increased overjet and open bite 3.Lisping and speech problems  Management  Learning of the new reflex  Tongue guard  Correction of malocclusion  Treatment of open bite after age of 10 years Thank you