Urinary System Pretest PDF

Urinary System Pretest C19 Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Urine is eliminated through the 1) _______ A) kidney. B) urinary bladder. C) urethra. D) liver. E) ureter. 2) Urine is carrie...

Urinary System Pretest C19 Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Urine is eliminated through the 1) _______ A) kidney. B) urinary bladder. C) urethra. D) liver. E) ureter. 2) Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by 2) _______ A) lymphatics. B) the calyces. C) blood vessels. D) the ureters. E) the urethra. 3) Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system, except the 3) _______ A) rectum. B) kidney. C) urethra. D) urinary bladder. E) ureter. 4) Each of the following organ systems excretes wastes to some degree, except the ________ system. 4) _______ A) endocrine B) digestive C) respiratory D) integumentary E) urinary 5) The kidneys not only remove waste products from the blood, they also assist in the regulation of 5) _______ A) blood pressure. B) blood volume. C) blood ion levels. D) blood pH. E) all of the above 6) All of the following are true of the kidneys, except that they are 6) _______ A) located in a position that is retroperitoneal. B) covered by peritoneum. C) surrounded by a fibrous capsule. D) held in place by the renal fascia. E) located partly within the pelvic cavity. 7) The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the 7) _______ A) pelvis. B) calyx. C) hilum. D) ureter. E) pyramid. 8) The outermost layer of the kidney is the 8) _______ A) fibrous capsule. B) renal pelvis. C) major calyx. D) renal medulla. E) renal cortex. 9) The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the 9) _______ A) renal papilla. B) renal pelvis. C) renal sinus. D) renal medulla. E) renal cortex. 10) Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called 10) ______ A) renal columns. B) calyces. C) pyramids. D) nephrons. E) renal pelvises. 11) Renal columns are 11) ______ A) expanded ends of the ureters. B) the basic functional units of the kidney. C) bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex. D) internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule. E) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. 12) The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the 12) ______ A) renal sinus. B) renal corpuscle. C) renal calyx. D) renal hilum. E) renal pelvis. 13) Major calyces are 13) ______ A) expanded ends of nephrons. B) large branches of the renal pelvis. C) basic functional layers of the kidney. D) the expanded ends of renal pyramids. E) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. 14) Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the 14) ______ A) renal corpuscle. B) renal pyramid. C) nephron loop (loop of Henle). D) collecting tubule system. E) renal papilla. 15) The region known as the macula densa is part of 15) ______ A) the collecting duct. B) Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. C) the proximal convoluted tubule. D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). E) the distal convoluted tubule. 16) The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form the 16) ______ A) afferent arteriole. B) nephron loop (loop of Henle). C) juxtaglomerular complex. D) renal corpuscle. E) filtration membrane. 17) A glomerulus is 17) ______ A) the expanded end of a nephron. B) the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron. C) attached to the collecting duct. D) a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. E) the source of erythropoietin. 18) The urine first passes from the glomerular capsule to the 18) ______ A) minor calyx. B) distal convoluted tubule. C) proximal convoluted tubule. D) collecting duct. E) nephron loop (loop of Henle). 19) The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the 19) ______ A) papillary tubule. B) nephron loop (loop of Henle). C) proximal convoluted tubule. D) calyx. E) distal convoluted tubule. 20) The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the 20) ______ A) distal convoluted tubule. B) collecting loop. C) minor calyx. D) nephron loop (loop of Henle). E) proximal convoluted tubule. 21) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla? 21) ______ A) final urine enters here B) initial filtrate enters here C) tip of the medullary pyramid D) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration E) releases renin 22) The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries. 22) ______ A) efferent B) vasa recta C) peritubular D) glomerular E) cortical 23) Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the 23) ______ A) interlobular arteriole. B) afferent arteriole. C) vasa recta. D) efferent arteriole. E) renal vein. 24) The left kidney lies ________ to the right kidney. 24) ______ A) superior B) posterior C) transverse D) inferior E) both A and C 25) The majority of glomeruli are located in the ________ of the kidney. 25) ______ A) pelvis B) cortex C) vasa recta D) medulla E) calyces 26) The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx. 26) ______ A) renal corpuscle B) papillary duct C) distal convoluted tubule D) ureter E) nephron loop (loop of Henle) 27) The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney. 1. afferent arteriole 2. arcuate artery 3. interlobar artery 4. renal artery 5. glomerulus 6. cortical radiate artery 7. efferent arteriole 8. peritubular capillary The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is 27) ______ A) 4, 6, 2, 3, 7, 5, 1, 8. B) 4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8. C) 4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 1, 8. D) 4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 7, 8. E) 4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5, 7, 8. 28) Which of these components of the nephron is largely confined to the renal medulla? 28) ______ A) proximal convoluted tubule B) collecting ducts C) glomerulus D) glomerular (Bowman's) capsule E) distal convoluted tubule 29) The kidneys are retroperitoneal, and the renal arteries branch directly off the abdominal aorta.29) ______ A) The first part of the statement is true but the second part is false. B) The first part of the statement is false but the second part is true. C) Both parts of the statement are true. D) Both parts of the statement are false. Figure 24-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 24-1 to answer the following questions: 30) Identify the structure labeled "4." 30) ______ A) renal column B) minor calyx C) ureter D) renal pelvis E) major calyx 31) Identify the structure labeled "8." 31) ______ A) renal pelvis B) renal column C) ureter D) major calyx E) minor calyx 32) Identify the structure labeled "11." 32) ______ A) minor calyx B) renal column C) renal pelvis D) major calyx E) ureter 33) Identify the structure labeled "9." 33) ______ A) renal column B) renal pyramid C) renal papilla D) renal sinus E) fibrous capsule 34) Identify the structure labeled "3." 34) ______ A) renal sinus B) renal papilla C) fibrous capsule D) renal column E) renal pyramid Figure 24-2 The Nephron Use Figure 24-2 to answer the following questions: 35) What physiological process occurs at the structure labeled "1"? 35) ______ A) filtration B) excretion C) secretion D) reabsorption E) micturition 36) Where does countercurrent multiplication occur? 36) ______ A) 5 B) 2 C) 3 D) 6 E) 4 37) Where does most nutrient reabsorption occur? 37) ______ A) 2 B) 6 C) 3 D) 5 E) 4 38) Which area is sensitive to the hormone ADH? 38) ______ A) 5 and 6 B) 4, 5, and 6 C) 1 D) 4 E) 3 39) Where would penicillin be secreted? 39) ______ A) 3 B) 3 and 4 C) 6 D) 5 E) 4 40) The process of filtration occurs at 40) ______ A) the proximal convoluted tubule. B) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). C) the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. D) the collecting duct. E) the distal convoluted tubule. 41) The filtration barrier in the renal corpuscle consists of three layers: 41) ______ A) fenestrations, matrix, and foot processes. B) filtration slits, foot processes, and slit pores. C) dense layer of glomerulus, foot processes, and fenestrations in the capsule. D) podocyte filtration slits, matrix cells in the glomerulus, and endothelium of glomerulus. E) endothelium of glomerulus, dense layer of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits. 42) The glomeruli are best described as being tufts of 42) ______ A) venules. B) arteries. C) arterioles. D) veins. E) capillaries. 43) Substances larger than ________ are normally not allowed to pass through the filtration membrane. 43) ______ A) albumin B) sodium ions C) amino acids D) urea E) glucose 44) The filtration of plasma takes place in the 44) ______ A) distal convoluted tubule. B) renal corpuscle. C) nephron loop (loop of Henle). D) papillary duct. E) ureter. 45) One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to 45) ______ A) decrease secretion of aldosterone. B) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex. C) decrease urinary albumin concentration. D) increase filtration into glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. E) increase release of angiotensin II by the suprarenal glands. 46) Approximately ________ liters of glomerular filtrate enter glomerular capsules each day. 46) ______ A) 125 B) 180 C) 1.8 D) 480 E) 18 47) When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases, 47) ______ A) more urine is produced. B) less urine is produced. C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases. D) both A and C E) both B and C 48) In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce 48) ______ A) a larger volume of urine. B) urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. C) urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions. D) urine with less glucose. E) urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. 49) A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to 49) ______ A) excessive ADH secretion. B) absence of ADH. C) overproduction of aldosterone. D) dilation of the afferent arterioles. E) hematuric oliguria. 50) Antidiuretic hormone 50) ______ A) release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid. B) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water. C) is secreted by the anterior pituitary. D) is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood. E) causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine. 51) If heavy exercise reduces blood flow to the kidneys, which of the following might occur? 51) ______ A) permanent kidney injury B) loss of protein in urine C) presence of blood D) A, B, and C E) A and C only 52) The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium. 52) ______ A) pseudostratified columnar B) stratified squamous C) simple columnar D) simple cuboidal E) transitional 53) Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures? 53) ______ A) collecting duct, renal pelvis, urethra, bladder, ureter B) renal pelvis, urethra, bladder, ureter, collecting duct C) collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra D) renal pelvis, collecting duct, bladder, ureter, urethra E) collecting duct, ureter, renal pelvis, urethra, bladder Figure 24.1 Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 54) Identify the letter that indicates the major calyx. 54) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 55) Identify the letter that indicates the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the kidney. 55) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 56) Identify the letter that indicates the blood vessels that delineate the cortex from the medulla. 56) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 57) Identify the letter that indicates an expanded portion of the ureter. 57) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 58) Identify the letter that indicates a cortical radiate artery. 58) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Figure 24.2 Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 59) Identify the letter that indicates the afferent arteriole. 59) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 60) Identify the letter that indicates the vasa recta. 60) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 61) Identify the letter that indicates the glomerulus. 61) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 62) Identify the letter that indicates blood vessels that absorb solutes from the convoluted tubules. 62) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 63) Identify the letter that indicates the region of the nephron with receptors sensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 63) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Figure 24.3 Use the diagram above to answer the following questions. 64) Identify the letter that indicates the parietal layer of glomerular capsule. 64) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 65) Identify the letter that indicates the proximal convoluted tubule. 65) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 66) Identify the letter that indicates the efferent arteriole. 66) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 67) Identify the letter that indicates the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule. 67) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 68) Identify the letter that indicates blood vessels covered by podocytes. 68) ______ A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 69) Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole. 69) ______ A) afferent arterioles B) cortical radiate arteries C) glomerulus D) arcuate arteries E) peritubular capillaries 70) The medial concave cleft in which vessels, ureters, and nerves enter/leave the kidney. 70) ______ A) cortex B) hilum C) renal capsule D) renal corpuscle E) sinus 71) Cup-shaped tubes that enclose the papillae of the pyramids. 71) ______ A) renal sinus B) cortical columns C) major calyx D) minor calyx E) renal pelvis 72) 85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney. 72) ______ A) extrinsic B) sinusoidal C) cortical D) trabecular E) medullary 73) Region of the distal tubule that monitors concentration of the filtrate. 73) ______ A) collecting duct B) mesangial C) extraglomerular D) macula densa E) vasa recta 74) The descriptive term for the location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity. 74) ______ A) retroperitoneal B) supraperitoneal C) intraperitoneal D) subcapsular E) extraabdominal 75) Contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder. 75) ______ A) diaphragm B) detrusor C) vesicular D) cremaster E) dartos 76) Ladderlike looping blood vessels within the medulla. 76) ______ A) interlobular B) cortical radiate C) vasa recta D) vasa vasorum E) peritubular capillaries 77) If you looked closely at the tip of a renal papilla with a hand lens, the hundreds of little openings you would see on its surface are 77) ______ A) openings of papillary ducts. B) minor calyces. C) renal sinuses. D) glomeruli. 78) Vessels and nerves enter and leave the kidney through the 78) ______ A) lateral convex surface. B) medial hilum. C) fibrous capsule. D) inferior surface. 79) The most superficial layer of the kidney is the 79) ______ A) renal papilla.B) renal pyramids. C) medulla. D) cortex. 80) How much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine? 80) ______ A) 50% B) 99% C) 1% D) 10% 81) Before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the 81) ______ A) renal pyramids. B) renal pelvis. C) renal cortex. D) renal sinus. 82) Which vessels lie within the renal columns? 82) ______ A) cortical radiate arteries B) interlobar arteries C) segmental arteries D) arcuate arteries 83) Which of the following processes does not participate in the production of urine in the kidney? 83) ______ A) filtration B) evaporation C) secretion D) resorption 84) Which of the following is not found in the renal corpuscle? 84) ______ A) glomerular capsule B) the nephron loop C) the glomerulus D) podocytes 85) The kidneys lie behind the ________ cavity. 85) ______ A) cranial B) thoracic C) pelvic D) abdominal 86) The mucosal folds in the bladder (rugae) 86) ______ A) are not present in life, only in cadavers. B) act to increase the surface area for absorption. C) thicken the bladder wall so that it does not burst. D) have the same basic function as transitional epithelium–accommodating stretch as the bladder fills. 87) Why are urinary tract infections more common in females than in males? 87) ______ A) In females the urethra is shorter than in males. B) In males the urethra is made up of three regions, whereas in females it is made of only one. C) In females the urethra is attached to the anterior vaginal wall by connective tissue. D) In males the urethra is shared by the both the reproductive and the urinary systems, whereas in females it is part of the urinary system only. 88) An important difference between the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta in the kidney is that 88) ______ A) the vasa recta are involved in filtration, whereas the peritubular capillaries are involved in resorption. B) only the vasa recta are supplied by efferent arterioles. C) the vasa recta are in the medulla, whereas the peritubular capillaries are in the cortex. D) the vasa recta drain into arterioles, whereas the peritubular capillaries drain into venules. 89) The left renal vein ________ the right renal vein. 89) ______ A) is shorter than B) is longer than C) carries less blood than D) is the same length as 90) Which of the following statements about the urinary bladder is false? 90) ______ A) The ureters attach to the bladder through oblique posterolateral orifices. B) In females, the bladder lies posterior to the uterus but anterior to the rectum. C) Two ureteral openings and the internal urethral orifice bound the trigone of the bladder. D) When empty, the bladder lies inferior to the abdominal cavity. 91) Based on what you know about the location of the kidneys in the posterior abdominal wall, the hilum of the kidney must be at the level of which vertebra? 91) ______ A) L1 or L2 B) L4 C) T8 D) T11 or T12 92) Arteries that branch to form the afferent arterioles to the glomeruli are 92) ______ A) interlobar arteries. B) arcuate arteries. C) cortical radiate arteries. D) segmental arteries. 93) Which of the following structures is most numerous within a kidney? 93) ______ A) renal papillae B) minor calyces C) renal corpuscles D) cortical radiate arteries 94) In the juxtaglomerular apparatus, the macula densa belongs to the 94) ______ A) terminal nephron loop. B) visceral layer of the glomerular capsule (podocytes). C) glomerulus. D) efferent arteriole. 95) The longest of the three parts of the male urethra is the 95) ______ A) membranous. B) prostatic. C) spongy urethra. D) neck. 96) Cortical nephrons are different from juxtamedullary nephrons in that 96) ______ A) their nephron loop is shorter, with a shorter thin segment. B) they are much less abundant. C) they do not have a proximal convoluted tubule. D) they produce urine, whereas juxtamedullary nephrons do not. 97) Which of the following regions of the nephron is most likely to be found in the renal medulla? 97) ______ A) collecting duct B) proximal convoluted tubule C) glomerulus D) distal convoluted tubule 98) Urine passes through the 98) ______ A) hilus to the urethra to the bladder. B) kidney hilum to the bladder to the ureter. C) glomerulus to the ureter to the nephron. D) renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra. 99) An increase in the permeability of collecting tubule cells to water is due to 99) ______ A) the presence of a salty urine in the bladder. B) an increase in the production of ADH. C) a decrease in the production of ADH. D) a decrease in the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma. 100) The epithelium lining the urinary bladder that permits distension is 100) _____ A) stratified squamous. B) simple squamous. C) transitional. D) pseudostratified columnar. 101) Which gland sits atop each kidney? 101) _____ A) interlobar gland B) pancreas C) pituitary D) adrenal SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 102) Identify the highlighted structure. 102) ____________ 103) Identify the highlighted structure. 103) ____________ 104) Identify the highlighted structure. 104) ____________ 105) Identify the highlighted structure. 105) ____________ 106) Identify the highlighted organ. 106) ____________ 107) The highlighted region is lined by what epithelial type? 107) ____________ 108) Identify the highlighted structure. 108) ____________ 109) The highlighted structure contains what fluid? 109) ____________ 110) Identify the highlighted structure. 110) ____________ 111) The highlighted structure collects urine from what smaller structures? 111) ____________ 112) Identify the highlighted structures. 112) ____________ 113) Identify the highlighted blood vessel. 113) ____________ 114) Identify the highlighted structure. 114) ____________ 115) Identify the highlighted structure. 115) ____________ 116) Identify the highlighted blood vessel. 116) ____________ 117) Identify the highlighted structure. 117) ____________ 118) The highlighted structure is lined by what type of epithelium? 118) ____________ 119) Identify the highlighted structure. 119) ____________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 120) Which blood vessels are highlighted? 120) _____ A) afferent B) interlobar C) cortical radiate D) arcuate 121) What hormone controls reabsorption of water in the highlighted structure? 121) _____ A) antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) B) epinephrine C) cortisol D) natriuretic peptide 122) Which structure is highlighted? 122) _____ A) distal convoluted tubule B) collecting duct C) descending loop of Henle D) renal corpuscle 123) Which structure is highlighted? 123) _____ A) proximal convoluted tubule B) distal convoluted tubule C) descending loop of Henle D) ascending loop of Henle 124) Which structure is highlighted? 124) _____ A) renal corpuscle B) proximal convoluted tubule C) cortical nephron D) juxtamedullary nephron 125) Which blood vessels are highlighted? 125) _____ A) cortical radiate vessels B) afferent arterioles C) arcuate vessels D) efferent arterioles 126) Which structure is highlighted? 126) _____ A) urinary bladder B) ureter C) urethra D) external urethral orifice 127) Which of the following functions is associated with the highlighted structure? 127) _____ A) filtration B) active transport C) reabsorption D) secretion 128) Which structure is highlighted? 128) _____ A) glomerular capsule B) proximal convoluted tubule C) glomerulus D) afferent arteriole 129) Which blood vessels are highlighted? 129) _____ A) cortical radiate B) arcuate C) renal D) interlobar 130) Which structure is highlighted? 130) _____ A) cortical nephron B) collecting duct C) ascending loop of Henle D) juxtamedullary nephron 131) Which structure is highlighted? 131) _____ A) minor calyx B) renal papilla C) renal column D) renal artery 132) Which structure is highlighted? 132) _____ A) prostatic urethra B) ureter C) membranous urethra D) spongy urethra 133) Which structure is highlighted? 133) _____ A) renal papilla B) renal capsule C) renal column D) renal pelvis 134) the blood? 134) _____ A) glomerulus B) proximal convoluted tubule C) peritubular capillaries D) loop of Henle 135) Which structure is highlighted? 135) _____ A) renal cortex B) renal papilla C) renal pyramid D) penal pelvis 136) Which structure is highlighted? 136) _____ A) minor calyx B) major calyx C) renal pelvis D) renal pyramid 137) The highlighted structures are within which region of the kidney? 137) _____ A) cortex B) transitional epithelium C) medulla D) capsule 138) Which structure is highlighted? 138) _____ A) spongy urethra B) prostatic urethra C) ureter D) membranous urethra 139) Which structure is highlighted? 139) _____ A) urinary bladder B) urethra C) kidney D) ureter 140) Which structure is highlighted? 140) _____ A) ureter B) spongy urethra C) urinary bladder D) prostatic urethra 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) A 5) E 6) E 7) C 8) A 9) B 10) C 11) C 12) E 13) B 14) A 15) E 16) C 17) D 18) C 19) E 20) D 21) C 22) C 23) D 24) A 25) B 26) B 27) B 28) B 29) C 30) B 31) C 32) C 33) C 34) E 35) A 36) E 37) C 38) A 39) D 40) C 41) E 42) E 43) A 44) B 45) B 46) B 47) D 48) C 49) B 50) B 51) D 52) E 53) C 54) E 55) C 56) B 57) D 58) A 59) D 60) E 61) B 62) A 63) C 64) D 65) E 66) A 67) C 68) C 69) C 70) B 71) D 72) C 73) D 74) A 75) B 76) C 77) A 78) B 79) D 80) C 81) B 82) B 83) B 84) B 85) D 86) D 87) A 88) C 89) B 90) B 91) A 92) C 93) C 94) A 95) C 96) A 97) A 98) D 99) B 100) C 101) D 102) adrenal gland 103) afferent arteriole 104) distal convoluted tubule 105) Bowman's capsule 106) kidney 107) simple squamous 108) major calices 109) urine 110) membranous urethra 111) papillary ducts 112) podocytes 113) renal artery 114) renal cortex 115) renal pyramid 116) renal vein 117) ureter 118) transitional 119) urethra 120) D 121) A 122) B 123) A 124) C 125) D 126) D 127) A 128) C 129) D 130) C 131) A 132) A 133) B 134) A 135) B 136) C 137) C 138) A 139) D 140) C