Nanotechnology and Applications in Medicine Presentation PDF

Nanotechnology and applications in medicine By: Pance Sayed Yomna Khaled Rofaida Mohamed  02. Nanoparticle s Characterizat Methods generate for individual nanoparticles to characterize their shape, size, and ion location.  Dynamic light scattering Dynamic Light Scattering...

Nanotechnology and applications in medicine By: Pance Sayed Yomna Khaled Rofaida Mohamed  02. Nanoparticle s Characterizat Methods generate for individual nanoparticles to characterize their shape, size, and ion location.  Dynamic light scattering Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) is an established and precise measurement technique for characterizing particle sizes in suspensions and emulsions. It is based on the Brownian motion of particles. The light scattered by particles contains information on the diffusion speed and thus on the size distribution. Brownian motion refers to the random movement displayed by small particles that are suspended in fluids. It is commonly referred to as Brownian movement”. This motion is a result of the collisions of the particles with other fast-moving particles in the fluid.  DLS essentially measures fluctuations in scattered light intensity due to diffusing particles. Small particles shows more fluctuations more than large particles. UV- Vis Spectrophotometry  Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is Transmission another useful technique of characterization of nanomaterials. TEM enables Direct 2-D imaging Electron Microscope of particle size, shape & surface characteristics. (TEM): 03. Nanomedicin e  Nanomedicine Nanomedicine is an evolving branch of medicine that applies the use of nanobiotechnology, i.e., nanoparticles or nanodrugs, for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of diseases. Nanodrugs Types of Nanodrug Delivery Systems (nanocarriers) Liposomes Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Polymeric Nanoparticles Dendrimers nano crystals hydrogel Liposomes A liposome is a spherical vesicle having at least one lipid bilayer. The liposome can be used as a vehicle for administration of nutrients and pharmaceutical drugs. Prepration of liposomes by Thin-Film Hydration Method  Polymeric Nanoparticles Polymers are the most commonly explored materials as Nanocarriers because they are easily and cheaply fabricated in large quantities by a multitude of methods. A polymer used in controlled drug delivery formulations must be chemically inert, nontoxic, and free of impurities. Polymeric nanoparticles preparation Nanoprecipitation Key Characteristics of Nanodrugs Size and Scale Enhanced Bioavailability Targeted Delivery Controlled Release  Bioavailability bioavailability refers to the fraction of an administered drug that reaches systemic circulation in an active form. Factors affecting bioavailability Nanoparticles can enhance bioavailability through several mechanisms  Controlled Release Sustained Drug Release: Nanodrugs can be designed to release their active ingredients slowly over time, maintaining therapeutic levels in the bloodstream longer and enhancing overall bioavailability.  What is the mechanism of sustained nanodrug release? Some liposomes are designed from biodegradable lipids that can degrade over time. As the liposome structure breaks down, the encapsulated drug is gradually released Certain liposomal formulations can be designed to respond to external stimuli such as pH or temperature changes. This can lead to a rapid release of the drug when the liposomes encounter specific conditions (e.g., acidic tumor environments). In vitro release case study 31 32 33  In many in vitro release studies, the objective is to measure the cumulative release over a specific time period (e.g., hours or days) rather than waiting for full equilibrium. The release profile can show different release patterns such as immediate release, sustained release, or prolonged release, depending on the formulation of the nanoparticles and the characteristics of the membrane.