Medical Study & Principles of Histology & Cell Biology PDF

Introduction to Medical Study &Principles of Histology &Cell Biology BY,Dr.Ahmed Abdelmaksoud Principles of Histology Organization of Human body Histology is the The microscopic structure of science human body concerned Study different types of with studying :...

Introduction to Medical Study &Principles of Histology &Cell Biology BY,Dr.Ahmed Abdelmaksoud Principles of Histology Organization of Human body Histology is the The microscopic structure of science human body concerned Study different types of with studying : tissues Why do we study Histology? Study microscopic Structure of cells and organs Correlate Structure to function Understand the pathology of disease How do we study Histology Preparing thin transparent sections By paraffin technique and freezing technique Staining By special stains  Staining techniques. Hematoxylin Eosin Basic (carry + ve charges ) Acidic (carry –ve charges ). Gives blue colour Gives pink colour (basophilic Structures) (acidophilic Structures ) Special stains Carbohydrates Lipids Periodic Sudan Acid 111 Orange colour Scheif (PAS) Sudan black Black colour Magenta Osmic Acid Black colour  Light Microscope L/M  Electron Microscope E/M Scanning Electron Microscope The study of cells is :Cytology Membranous Lysosomes cell organelles Golgi Mitochondria Apparatus Cell membrane Rough Smooth Endoplasmic Endoplasmic reticulum reticulum Cell membrane Components 1. Lipids 2. Protein 3. Carbohydrates Function 1. Exchange of small molecules between cell and its surrounding 2. Endocytosisis.&Exocytosis. 3. Sodium &Potassium pump. Mitochondria Provide the cell with ATP needed for vital processes and activities Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER) Function Isolation and modification of proteins inside its lumen Send protein to Golgi apparatus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER) Lipid synthesis in steroid secreting cell. Glycogen synthesis Ca storage in muscle cells Golgi Apparatus Concentrates ,packs and segregates secretory substances Modifies the secretory protein by adding carbohydrates or sulfate  Lysosomes Intra cytoplasmic digestion  Non membranous cell organelles Centrioles Ribosomes Microfilaments Microtubules Ribosomes Protein synthesis by translating the message carried by mRNA Types Free ribosomes synthesis of proteins used to build up the cell Attached ribosomes synthesis protein that are isolated inside rER to be delivered to Golgi apparatus  Microtubules Microfilaments 1. Maintain shape of the cell. 2. Intracellular transport. 3. The main structure component of centrioles, Cilia and Flagella. 4. Important for mitotic spindle. Centrioles Important for cell division. Cilia formation.  Nucleus Is control region of the cell Function 1. Store hereditary material in DNA. 2. Transcription of mRNA. 3. Formation of rRNA. 4. Regulate gene expression. When a body cell divides :Mitosis Reproductive cells:(eggs and sperms )divide by Meiosis that halves the chromosomes in preparation for fertilization Types of tissues Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Medical terms A Disease :an external influence such as bacterium ,virus,or mutation. A disorder:A disruption within a body system. A medical syndrome A symptom: A subjective indication of an illness ,something a patient may feel. A sign :Something that can be detected by medical professional. Basic of medical terms building Word Roots Cardi=heart. Gastr=stomach. Nephr= Kidney. Neur=nerve. Appendic =appendix. Gloss=Tongue. Stoma=mouth. Suffixes Cardiomegaly=increase the size of the heart. Neuritis = inflammation of the nerves. Nephropathy =damage of the kidney. Gastralgia =pain of the stomach. Cardiologist =the specialist of heart diseases. Prefix Pericardium =around the heart. Epigastric =above the stomach. Hypogastric =under the stomach Polyneuritis =inflammation of many nerves Macrocyte=big cell Anureia=unable to urinate Erythrocyte =Red blood cells Leukocytes =white blood cells 1. Which of the following stains gives pink colour? 1. Osmic Acid. 2. Suddan black. 3. Eosin. 4. Hematoxylin. 5. PAS. 2.The..........is control region of the cell. 1. Mitochondria. 2. Golgi Apparatus. 3. Nucleus. 4. Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum. 5. Centrioles. 3.The.......help in muscle contraction. 1. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum. 2. Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum. 3. Microtubules. 4. Microfilaments. 5. Golgi Apparatus 4.The main source of ATP in our body is.... 1. Nucleus. 2. Centrioles. 3. Golgi apparatus. 4. Mitochondria. 5. Microtubules. 5.Endocytosis means........ 1. Transport of micromolecules inside the cell. 2. Transport of micromolecules outside the cell. 3. Transport of macromolecules inside the cell. 4. Transport of macromolecules outside the cell. 5. Examples of small substances..6.Which of the following cells divides Mitosis 1. Germ cells. 2. Somatic cells. 3. Sperm. 4. Egg. 5. Reproductive cells. 7.The tissue which supports body structures is...... 1. Nervous tissue 2. Epithelium 3. Muscle tissue 4. Skin. 5. Connective tissue. 8.The stomach is considered one of..... 1. Smooth muscles. 2. Cardiac muscles. 3. Kidney muscles. 4. Skeletal muscle. 5. All of the above. 9.The stoma indicates to....... 1. Tooth. 2. Tongue 3. Lip. 4. Mouth. 5. heart. 10.The patient have epigastric pain ,what is the site of this pain? 1. Around umblicous. 2. Above Stomach. 3. Around Stomach. 4. Below Stomach. 5. Above esophagus. 11.Leukocytes are......... 1. White blood cells. 2. Red blood cells. 3. Platelet. 4. Immune cell. 5. 1and 4 12,The Gasrtralgia indicates to......... 1. Tumor of the stomach. 2. Pain of the stomach. 3. Enlargement of the stomach. 4. Bleeding of stomach. 5. Inflammation of the stomach.