CRIM 2 REVIEWER PDF

CRIM 2 REVIEWER Criminals of passion is the type of criminals Lombroso classify as those who commit The primary function of social norms is to crimes in the heat of the moment due to...

CRIM 2 REVIEWER Criminals of passion is the type of criminals Lombroso classify as those who commit The primary function of social norms is to crimes in the heat of the moment due to direct, regulate, and control human behavior emotions The key focus of ethics is examining how Utilitarianism is the concept did Jeremy individuals should act towards others and Bentham develop to maximize happiness and society minimize pain Human behavior defines the ability of Chicago School of Criminology suggests that individuals or groups to respond to internal and crime is a social phenomenon influenced by external stimuli neighborhood conditions Speculative stage the first stage of theory According to the Classical School, harsh and development swift punishment is the most effective way to deter criminal behavior Strain theory suggests that individuals commit crimes due to societal pressures and strains Raffaele Garofalo introduce natural crimes as a category of crime that is universally Virtue ethics focus on the moral character of condemned individuals Neo-Classical Theory evolved from the Proscriptive norms, also known as inhibitive Classical School and considered mitigating norms or negative norms, are socially-shared circumstances in sentencing rules or expectations that guide individuals' behavior by identifying actions, attitudes, or Cesare Lombroso considered one of the main practices that are considered inappropriate, proponents of biological positivism undesirable, or harmful within a particular social or cultural context. According to biological theories, Genetic inheritance, Head injuries, Environmental Formal norms are established, written rules. factors are considered a cause of criminal They are behaviors worked out and agreed behavior upon in order to suit and serve the most people. Cesare Lombroso mean by "atavism" is that The primary goal of criminological theories is criminals are biologically inferior and to explain the phenomenon of crime and resemble primitive humans criminality Twin Studies is the study suggested that Rational choice theory suggests that criminal behavior has a genetic basis individuals make rational decisions to commit crimes based on a cost-benefit analysis Serotonin neurotransmitter has been linked to impulsivity and aggression Cesare Beccaria considered the father of the Mesomorphs body type did William Sheldon Classical School of Criminology associate with aggressiveness and criminal behavior The proportionality of punishment to the crime is the Principle of Classical School that According to neurological theories, damage to emphasize in punishment frontal lobe is linked to criminal behavior Positivist School argues that crime results from Biochemical Theory suggests that violent biological, psychological, and social factors behavior can result from an imbalance in hormones such as testosterone Cesare Lombroso is known for the theory that criminals can be identified by physical traits  Born criminals, Occasional criminals and Social Learning Theory and Temperamental Criminals of passion is a classification of Theory are the two primary theories that criminals according to Lombroso attempt to explain the development of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) XYY Syndrome a genetic disorder has been controversially linked to aggressive behavior Bipolar disorder also known as manic- depressive illness Monoamine oxidase a enzyme MAOA gene regulate that has been linked to criminal Cognitive Theory psychological perspective tendencies focuses on how individuals process, store, and retrieve information Arousal Theory suggests that criminal behavior results from a need for stimulation Moral Development Theory subdiscipline of and low impulse control Cognitive Theory investigates how individuals’ reason about morality ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a condition, often diagnosed in Hans Eysenck proposed the Big Five Model of childhood, has been linked to delinquent Personality behavior Neuroticism personality trait in the Big Five According to evolutionary theories, as an Model is related to emotional stability adaptive strategy for survival and reproduction might some individuals exhibit aggressive Nature Theory argues that intelligence is behavior largely genetically determined Cesare Lombroso classified criminals based on Lack of empathy and impulsivity is the physical characteristics and believed they were primary characteristic of psychopath "born criminals" According to Herrnstein and Murray’s "The Sigmund Freud originated the Psychodynamic Bell Curve," Low IQ and school failure Theory increases the likelihood of delinquency Superego is responsible for passing judgment on behavior According to Psychodynamic Theory, delinquent behavior is the result of a defective Superego Charles Goring is recognized for establishing a relationship between crime and flawed intelligence Behavioral Theory suggests that criminal behavior is learned through reinforcement and environmental factors the three primary sources of aggressive behavior ⚫ Family interaction ⚫ Environmental experiences ⚫ Mass media