Prelim-1 Intro to Cells PDF

BIOLOGY 1 What is BIOLOGY? 2 Organis m Characteristi cs of Organisms All Living Things Share Common Characteristics made up of Cell They Reproduce Genetic Code (DNA) Grow & Develop Obtain & Use Materials & Energy Respond To Their Environment Maintain A...

BIOLOGY 1 What is BIOLOGY? 2 Organis m Characteristi cs of Organisms All Living Things Share Common Characteristics made up of Cell They Reproduce Genetic Code (DNA) Grow & Develop Obtain & Use Materials & Energy Respond To Their Environment Maintain A Stable Internal 5 All Organisms are made of Cells Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells Unicellular Multicellular Organisms Organisms Living Organism Made Living Organism Made Up Up Of One Cell Of Many, Specialized Cells Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits 8 copyright cmassengale Two Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 parents Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE Offspring DIFFERENT from parents 9  Two Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell Cell divides Offspring IDENTICAL to parent 10 Cells Have a Genetic Code Organisms Grow & Develop copyright cmassengale Growth & Development Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism Cells Require Food & Energy  Organisms Respond to Stimuli Organisms Respond to stimuli (Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc.) In Order To Survive & Reproduce  Homeostasis KEEPING THE INTERNAL STABLE INTERNAL CONDITIONS ENVIRONMENT (HOMEOSTASIS) OF PH, TEMPERATURE, WATER OF THE CELL OR ORGANISM BALANCE, ETC. WITHIN THE RANGES REQUIRED FOR LIFE  Cell How does a cell do its job? What is the relationship between a cell and its organelles? INVESTIGATE Prove that cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life through their organelles. Organelle s Cooperate Organelles work together to allow the cell to accomplish its job. GENERAL PARTS OF THE CELL Cell Regulates what enters and Membran leaves the cell. e Cytoplas m The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus.  The Nucleus Controls the cell by giving directions to make proteins, especially enzymes. It also contains DNA and copies its genetic material so that when the cell divides, the new cell is the same as the original. Other Cell Organelles  Ribosomes are the site of protein production. Ribosomes Located on the endoplasmic reticulum A system of folded membranes that transport proteins within the cell Endoplas mic Reticulum (ER) G.A. tags proteins and exports them outside the cell in membrane bubbles called vesicles. Golgi Complex Bonds are broken in molecules of glucose to release energy which is stored or used as ATP. Mitochondr ia Specialize d Organelle s  Lysosomes A membranous sac filled with enzymes (certain types of protein) that break down used organelles and large molecules Vacuoles Vacuoles are sacs that store water and other materials Vacuoles are in plant cells.  Capture the sun’s energy to make glucose in Chloropla plants and sts algae. The energy is stored in chemical bonds.  Cell wall The cell wall provides support to plant cells and bacteria. Functions of Cell Provides Support and Structure They form the structural basis of all the organisms. The cell wall and the cell membrane are the main components that function to provide support and structure to the organism. the skin is made up of a large number of cells. Xylem present in vascular plants is made of cells that provide structural support to the plants.  Functions of Cell Facilitate Growth Mitosis o In mitosis, the parent cell divides into the daughter cells o cells multiply and facilitate the growth of an organism Allows Transport of Substances o Various nutrients are imported by the cells to carry out various chemical processes going on inside the cells o waste produced by the chemical processes is eliminated from the cells by active and passive transport. o oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ethanol diffuse across the cell membrane along the concentration gradient thru passive transport. o The larger molecules diffuse across the cell membrane through active transport where the cells require a lot Functions of Cell Energy Production Cells require energy to carry out various chemical processes. This energy is produced by the cells through a process called photosynthesis in plants and respiration in animals.