PrADM - Week 1 - Lesson 1.pdf

Lesson 1 & 2: Database Systems | Functions and Components of a Database Management Systems What is a Database? A database refers to a collection of logically related information organized so that it can be easily accessible, managed, and updated. Databases are generally accessed electronicall...

Lesson 1 & 2: Database Systems | Functions and Components of a Database Management Systems What is a Database? A database refers to a collection of logically related information organized so that it can be easily accessible, managed, and updated. Databases are generally accessed electronically from a computer system and are usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS). 2 What is Data? Are pieces of information or facts related to the object being considered. It would be the person’s name, age, height, weight, ethnicity, hair color, and birthdate. 3 Key terms in understanding data & database Fields Within a database, a field contains the most detailed information about events, people, objects, and transactions. Record A record is a collection of related fields. 4 Key terms in understanding data & database Table A table is a collection of related records with a unique table name Database A database is a collection of related tables. 5 Role of Databases in an Enterprise Enterprises typically make use of both internal databases and external databases. Internal databases typically include operational databases and data warehouses. The former, operational databases, refer to databases that are actively used in the operations of the business, such as accounting, sales, finance, and HR. 6 Role of Databases in an Enterprise Data warehouses contain data collected from several sources, and the data contained within are generally not used for routine business activities. Instead, data warehouses are usually used for business intelligence purposes. 7 Components of a Database 1. Hardware Hardware refers to the physical, electronic devices such as computers and hard disks that offer the interface between computers and real-world systems. 2. Software Software is a set of programs used to manage and control the database and includes the database software, operating system, network software used to share the data with other users, 8 and the applications used to access the data. Components of a Database 3. Data Data are raw facts and information that need to be organized and processed to make it more meaningful. 4. Procedures Procedures refer to the instructions used in a database management system and encompass everything from instructions to setup and install, login and logout, manage the day-to-day operations, take backups of data, and generate 9 reports. Components of a Database 5. Database Access Language Database Access Language is a language used to write commands to access, update, and delete data stored in a database. Users can write commands using Database Access Language before submitting them to the database for execution. Through utilizing the language, users can create new databases, tables, insert data, and delete data. 10 What is a Database Management System (DBMS)? It refers to a collection of programs that enable users to access databases and manipulate, maintain, report, and relate data. A DBMS is often used to reduce data redundancy, share data in a controlled way, and reduce data integrity problems. 11 What is a Database Management System (DBMS)? Structured Query Language (SQL) is considered the standard user and application program interface for a relational database, and all relational DBMS software supports SQL. 12 Components of a DBMS These are the common components that are universal across all DBMS: Storage engine Metadata catalog Query language Log manager Query processor Reporting and monitoring tools Optimization engine Data utilities 13 Storage engine The core component of the DBMS that interacts with the file system at an OS level to store data. 14 Query language It is required for interacting with a database, from creating databases to simply inserting or retrieving data. A proper DBMS must support one or multiple query languages and language dialects. 15 Query processor This is the intermediary between the user queries and the database. The query processor interprets the queries of users and makes them actionable commands that can be understood by the database to perform the appropriate functionality. 16 Optimization engine It allows the DBMS to provide insights into the performance of the database in terms of optimizing the database itself and queries. 17 Metadata catalog This is the centralized catalog of all the objects within the database. When an object is created, the DBMS keeps a record of that object with some metadata about it using the metadata catalog. 18 Log manager This component will keep all the logs of the DBMS. These logs will consist of user logins and activity, database functions, backups and restore functions, etc. 19 Reporting & monitoring tools Reporting tools will enable users to generate reports while monitoring tools enable monitoring the databases for resource consumption, user activity, etc. 20 Data utilities In addition to all the above, most DBMS software comes with additional inbuilt utilities to provide functionality such as: ▪ Data integrity checks ▪ Backup and restore ▪ Simple database repair ▪ Data validations 21 “ Turn the rejections you receive into others' regrets. - JDG, CPA 22 23