SOC100 Practice Final Exam Fall 2024 PDF

Fall 2024, Prof. McIvor SOC100 Practice Final Exam Please note: In Sociology and all social sciences, you must always pick the BEST answer. You can usually argue under some circumstances that another answer could possibly be correct, but that does NO...

Fall 2024, Prof. McIvor SOC100 Practice Final Exam Please note: In Sociology and all social sciences, you must always pick the BEST answer. You can usually argue under some circumstances that another answer could possibly be correct, but that does NOT mean it is the best answer. Many people find this frustrating when taking Social Science tests, but what you need to understand is that this is just a function of the way that social sciences are different than natural sciences. o For example, in math 2+2 will always equal 4, no other answer is possible because natural sciences follow natural laws. o Unfortunately, for those of us studying people, people do not follow laws. For example, consider a true-false question that reads: does smoking cause cancer? “True” would be the correct answer but it is true only on average. In other words, many people smoke and don’t get cancer so technically false would also be correct. This would NOT stop “true” from being the best and most accurate answer though. Please keep this need to pick the BEST answer in mind when you review this answer key, if you are confused about why an answer is what it is, then please post it to the final exam discussion board. HOWEVER, please do not post questions about how another answer could possibly be correct unless you think it is better than the correct answer. ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Supply and demand is the only force that sets prices in a completely free market or, in other words, an economy guided completely by laissez-faire economics. a. True b. False 2. What concept refers to when women work full-time and then come home and work more childcare, cooking, and organizational hours than men? a. Stack Patriarchy b. Double Duty c. Second Shift d. Double Disadvantage e. Intersectionality 3. In the alien example from lecture 6, the aliens are an imperfect analogy for corporations. a. True b. False 4. The number of embassies in a country are part of how we measure… a. Political Globalization b. Cultural Relativism c. Cultural diffusion d. Assimilation e. Contact Hypothesis 1 5. Which of the following theories best helps us understand why governments spend so much educating their citizens through free public education? a. Symbolic Interactionism b. Conflict Theory c. Human Capital Theory d. Post-Modernism e. Evolutionary Theory 6. Which of the following terms best fits the definition “any gender identity that is not strictly male or female all the time.” a. Xenogender b. Trans c. Agender d. Polygender e. Non-binary 7. Which of the following is NOT an example of formal social control? a. When a student fails a class for plagiarizing on their paper. b. When someone is fired from their job for making inappropriate jokes. c. When someone is sentenced to life in prison for first-degree murder. d. When someone is sentenced to 2 years of probation for drug possession. e. Trick question, all of the above are examples of formal social control. 8. The overall quality of healthcare is better in the US with its private healthcare system than in Canada with our free healthcare system. a. True b. False 9. Which of the following insights about environmental problems was brought through using a symbolic interactionist approach? a. Solving environmental problems is deterred by the world being organized as competing nations. b. Solving environmental problems is deterred by our economic system. c. Environmental problems have the greatest potential for catastrophic results. d. Individual people do not feel that they can make a difference as only one of 7.9 billion people on the planet. e. Media portrays climate change as a debate when really the scientific consensus if that it is 100% real and human caused. 10. What was given in lecture as the primary reason for gender differences in occupational choices? a. Male Privilege b. Liquid Modernity c. Hyperreality d. Gender Socialization e. Innate Sexism 11. A worker’s power over their employer is tied to their ability to withhold their labour and thereby cease the employer making profit. What has significantly limited this power for workers in recent decades? a. Brain Drain b. Proportional Taxation c. Passive Income d. Rising CEO pay e. Globalization 12. Imagine Professor McIvor hates his job and wants to work in a different career. But imagine he also never acts on this desire because he spent 12 years getting a PhD just to become a professor. What concept best describes what Professor McIvor is doing here? a. Self-fulfilling prophecy b. Interest divergence c. Liquid Modernity d. Hyperreality e. Path dependency 13. The laws in our country that are enforced by police and the court systems are a form of social contract. a. True b. False 14. After World War II, the conference where the UN and IMF were formed, and international trade was made easier was the… a. Uruguay Rounds b. Paraguay Rounds c. Bretton Woods conference d. New York Meetings e. Paris Armistice 15. Musa wants to be a lawyer and they know that they will without a doubt one day get into law school and obtain a law degree. They feel nothing can stop them. Given this feeling they hold, Musa can be said to have a high level of… a. Instrumental rationality b. Self-esteem c. Mastery d. Social desirability bias e. Value rationality MATCHING. Match each of the following 5 potential answers to the 4 questions below that fit it best. Each answer matches only one of the questions (i.e., you should not use any answer more than once) Answers: a. Devesh is extremely upset at how unfair professors are when they make test questions and how it is causing him to have a low GPA. b. Donald, a white man, argues firmly and sincerely that racism is no longer a problem in Canada. c. When asked on a survey whether they have ever tried heroin, Sunita lies and says no even though she has tried it. d. After watching their favorite basketball team lose, Greg & James take turns talking about how upset they are that the players on the team lack effort and drive. e. Siew Ming argues that monogamy should never be abandoned because it would stop the natural order of relationships and would also ruin the institution of family. Questions: 16. An example of decline bias. ________ (Bubble answer on scantron) 17. An example of fundamental attribution error. _______ (Bubble answer on scantron) 18. An example of social desirability bias. _______ (Bubble answer on scantron) 19. An example of self-serving bias. _______ (Bubble answer on scantron) 20. What famous Sociologist developed the concepts of economic, social, and cultural capital? a. Tarana Burke b. Pierre Bourdeiu c. Karl Marx d. Derrick Bell e. Max Weber 21. Which of the following theoretical traditions expects significant and wide-spread diversity? a. Postmodernism b. Standpoint Theory c. Evolutionary Theory d. Feminism e. Critical Race Theory 22. Which of the following types of bias is the most useful in helping us understand why a lack of women in positions of power is a problem for education systems? a. Decline Bias b. Sampling Bias c. Diversity bias d. Social location bias e. Heteronormativity 23. Which of the following fills a lexical gap? a. Cisgender b. Asexual c. Agender d. Xenogender e. Polygender 24. Average income is the preferred measure to indicate the typical income of an individual in Canada. a. True b. False 25. According to course material, the point at which atmospheric greenhouse gases begin to decline on a year-to-year basis is called… a. Carbon decline b. Carbon sink c. Drawdown d. Drawup e. Environmental incline 26. Which of the following is the course/Sociological definition of race? a. any one of the groups that humans are often divided into based on physical traits regarded as common among people of shared ancestry. b. a category of people who are perceived to share distinct physical characteristics that are deemed socially significant. c. the idea that the human species is divided into distinct groups on the basis of inherited physical and behavioral differences. d. a group of people who share the same language, history, and other characteristics. e. a powerful social category forged historically through oppression, slavery, and conquest. 27. Which of the following does the beaver as the national animal of Canada, fit the definition of? a. Non-Material Culture b. Material Culture c. Symbol d. Folkway e. Both a and c. 28. The bourgeoisie benefit from the proletariat producing… a. Inflation b. Passive Income c. Surplus value d. Economic globalization e. Social globalization 29. Karl Marx argued that not having the ability to be creative in one’s job will lead to… a. Relative deprivation b. Alienation c. Hyperreality d. A matrix of oppression e. Statistical discrimination 30. Which of the following argues that by interacting and being around diverse people, one becomes more tolerant of difference. a. Social desirability bias b. Cultural racism c. Self-fulfilling prophecy d. Feedback loop e. Contact hypothesis 31. Which of the following fits best with laissez-fair economics a. Universal healthcare b. Free public education c. Tolls on highways d. All of the above e. Both a & b 32. Intersex is one of the lesser-known categories of gender identities. a. True b. False 33. Which of the following is the most prescribed/determined by society. Reminder: choose the best answer. a. Gender Roles b. Gender Expression c. Gender Identity d. Sexual orientation e. Cisgender 34. Legitimating norms and ideas that promote dominance of one group over another is the definition of… a. Hegemony b. Patriarchy c. Mainstream Culture d. Ethnocentrism e. Mores 35. Someone who holds strong ethnocentric views is most likely to support which of the following immigrant integration types? a. Cultural Mosaic b. Assimilation c. Pluralism d. Redactivism e. Cultural relativism 36. If we wanted to know how income has changed for people at different levels of socio- economic status, we should use… a. Relative poverty b. Absolute poverty c. Gini Coefficient d. Quintiles e. Wealth 37. Which of the following statements is FALSE: a. Traditional masculinity includes hegemonic and toxic masculinity. b. All toxic masculinity is also hegemonic masculinity. c. All hegemonic masculinity is also toxic masculinity. d. Prioritizing financial gain is a type of hegemonic masculinity. e. Substance use as a coping mechanism is a type of toxic masculinity. 38. Which of the following was NOT a reason given for the gender wage gap in lecture? a. Occupational choices b. Social expectations around childbirth c. Illogical Sexism d. Statistical or logical discrimination e. Trick question, all of the above were given as reasons. 39. Which of the following concepts matches this definition: “favorable or unfavorable preconceived feelings or opinions formed without knowledge, reason, or thought that prevents objective consideration of an idea, individual, group, or thing”? a. Racism b. Scapegoating c. Prejudice d. Ethnocentrism e. Pluralism 40. If you were to analyze shaking hands as a weird or unusual social norm, you are… a. Seeing the strange in the familiar. b. Seeing the general in the particular. c. Engaging in hyperreality. d. Observing the ubiquity of culture. e. Observing the obstinance of culture. 41. What was the name given to the practice of Saskatchewan police officers driving Indigenous Canadians to the outskirts of cities and leaving them to walk back in sub-zero temperatures? a. Saskatoon Shame b. Trail of Tears c. Polar Treks d. Starlight Tours e. None of the above 42. When Professor McIvor moved back to Canada from the US, he noticed that all major cell phone providers like TELUS, Rogers, and Bell were within $1 of each other on their various cell-phone plans (i.e. their prices were near identical). What course concept best describes what is happening here? a. Cultural diffusion b. Oligopoly c. Dunning-Kruger Effect d. Corporate Collusion e. Systemic discrimination 43. Choose the answer that most accurately completes this sentence: Max Weber defines power as “the ability to achieve one’s goals….” a. Without relying on violent means. b. Through violent means. c. Through informal or formal means. d. Through the use of social, cultural, and/or economic capital. e. When others are trying to prevent them from being realized. 44. According to Erving Goffman, where do we manage impressions the most? a. In our front stage. b. In our jobs. c. In our romantic dating lives. d. With our families. e. In the education system. 45. A child’s ability to interact positively with teachers, to have familiarity with experiences advantageous to education like fiction books/museum visits, and to see education as something for people like them, are all examples of… a. Mastery. b. Manifest functions of the education system. c. Latent functions of the education system. d. Cultural capital. e. Social capital. 46. Which of the following is the best example of an ideal type? a. A can of coke. b. A golden retriever dog. c. A perfect score of 100% on a final exam. d. The Sociological theories learned in this class. e. Trick question, all of the above are ideal types. 47. Which of the following hold corporations responsible? a. Governments b. Consumers c. The justice system d. All of the above e. Both a & b 48. Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 trends that contribute to the rise in non- scientific beliefs among Gen-Z? a. Newer generations are more skeptical and critically think more. b. New generations increasingly use the internet and social media as sources of evidence. c. There is a feedback loop relationship between media, politicians, and the news. d. Newer generations overestimate their intelligence due to grade inflation at the high school level. e. Trick question, all of the above where trends that contribute to the rise in non- scientific beliefs among Gen-Z? 49. Free Trade Agreements… a. Increase the quality of goods available to consumers. b. Results in goods becoming less expensive for consumers. c. Decreases the power of nation states over corporations. d. All of the above. e. Both b & c. 50. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons we can trust academic science more than private industry science? a. Universities ensure scientists are qualified/accredited. b. Academic studies under a thorough peer review process. c. The employment of academic scientists is not dependent on what their studies find. d. Being a professor/academic is highly competitive so it ensures only the top scientists are conducting research. e. Trick question, all of the above were given as reasons why we can trust academic science more than private industry science. 51. The norms that are crucial to society’s moral center are called… a. Folkways b. Mores c. Laws d. Taboos e. Manifest Functions 52. Companies operating in areas of countries that are exempt from labour and other laws is best encapsulated by which course concept? a. Brain Drain b. Offshoring c. Race to the bottom. d. Special Economic Zones e. Economic Globalization 53. News stations inaccurately predicted that Hillary Clinton would beat Donald Trump in the 2016 election. When they investigated the reason for their error, they learned the mistake was made due to lower class, white, men not participating in their surveys in large numbers. What course concept best fits this problem? a. Spuriousness b. Social Desirability Bias c. Sampling Bias d. Social Location Bias e. Self-Serving Bias 54. The ability to connect personal challenges to larger social issues is referred to as… a. Pluralism b. Epistemology c. Socialization d. The Sociological Imagination e. Instrumental Rationality 55. The Black Panther Party in the US is an example of a…. a. Sub-culture b. Counter-culture c. Popular culture d. All of the above. e. Both a & b only 56. Which of the following is a bonding moral foundation? a. Authority b. Care c. Fairness d. All of the above. e. Both b & c. 57. People teasing you because they think your new shoes are ugly, lame, and unappealing is an example of formal social control? a. True b. False 58. Which of the following concepts refers to how technological advancements have resulted in culture being increasingly unstable and changing? a. Globalization b. Cultural Relativism c. Lexical Gap d. Echo Chamber e. Liquid Modernity 59. Which of the following is FALSE based on lecture material? a. Any measure of inflation must have a reference year where $1 is equal to $1. b. Rising debt levels decrease the Matthew Effect. c. If one has more money in liabilities than assets, then they MUST have a negative net worth. d. One’s wealth levels can significantly affect their income levels. e. A person’s income keeping pace with inflation year-after-year means that they are paying less each year for the same goods. Match each of the following 4 potential answers to the question below that fits it best. Each answer matches only one of the questions (i.e. you should not use any answer more than once) Answers: a. Jeff grows up in poverty. He does not do well in high school but does graduate. He and his girlfriend accidentally get pregnant, so he gets a job after he graduates high school as a construction laborer and a second job as a bagger at a grocery store. He hopes to work hard enough so his child can go to college and have a better life. b. Jerrell works hard in school to get into teacher’s college and become a high school teacher. He gets offered a job at a private school making $100,000 a year but turns it down to work at a public school in the impoverished neighborhood he grew up in. c. Jennifer grows up in poverty and quickly begins to feel that society is rigged against poor people. To help her mother pay the bills, she begins stealing cash from the till at her job because she knows the elderly owner will not notice. She also transports large quantities of drugs for her cousin who sells them because the police are unlikely to pull her over. She hopes to earn enough to be able to move her family out of the poor neighborhood they live in. d. Joseph loves music and decides to drop out of high school to join a band. They play free shows at alternative concerts as they do not believe art like music should be sold. They travel all over the US primarily by hitchhiking. Joseph hopes he can do this his whole life. Questions: 60. An example of a Retreatist. _______ (Bubble answer on scantron) 61. An example of an Innovator. _______ (Bubble answer on scantron) 62. An example of a Ritualist. _______ (Bubble answer on scantron) 63. An example of a Conformist. ________ (Bubble answer on scantron) 64. Which of the following statements is FALSE. a. Most countries have the same justice system components of police, courts, and prisons. b. Men have higher probabilities of committing crimes than women. c. The criminal justice system must be involved for something to qualify as formal social control. d. In all countries, theft is the most common crime. e. Emile Durkheim/Structural Functionalism believe crime serves a purpose to society such as re-affirming norms. Which of the following argues most strongly that people should be given space to explore their gender and sexuality? a. Sex positivity b. Feminism c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Evolutionary theory e. Standpoint theory 65. Which of the following theoretical frameworks is the most likely to validate unpopular viewpoints? a. Post-Modernism b. Symbolic Interactionism c. Structural Functionalism d. Conflict Theory e. Feminism 66. “Anger and resentment stemming from the perception of having less economic, political, and social resources and rights than other groups” is the definition of... a. Justified Fury b. Adaptive Discrimination c. Social Marginalization d. Relative Deprivation e. Matthew Effect 67. Out of all of the sociological theories we learned in class, Verstehen is most closely aligned with symbolic interactionism. a. True b. False 68. Ethnicity differs from race in that it is… a. Less associated with physical characteristics. b. More often regarded as an identity. c. More rooted in history. d. All of the above. e. Both a & b 69. Based on lecture material, what do the educational experiences of both Indigenous Canadians and children of new immigrants to Canada have in common? a. Both groups perform worse in Canada’s education systems due to systemic discrimination. b. Both perform better in Canada’s education systems due to brain drain. c. The educational performance and aspirations of both groups are affected by the experiences of their parents. d. Both groups have lower levels of cultural, social, and economic capital. e. Both a and d. 70. Which of the following argues that “the objective reality is often less important than the way it is constructed through social relationships”. a. Social Constructionism b. Dramaturgy c. Post-modernism d. Liquid Modernity. e. Symbolic Interactionism 71. The slang word ‘Sus’ was first used in a video game, and it referred only to a suspect of a crime. However, the term is now used to refer to anything that is suspect, despite the game’s creator not approving of this extended use. What course concept fits this scenario best? a) Obstinance of culture b) Liquid modernity c) Ubiquity of culture d) Secondary socialization e) Primary socialization 72. Solara is depressed at home after scrolling through Instagram. She feels like everyone else is living their best life and that, in contrast, her life is just school, work, cheap take-out food, and sweatpants. What course concept BEST applies to this scenario? a) Hyperreality. b) Self-fulfilling prophecy. c) Material culture. d) Social comparison. e) Allostatic Load. 73. Hassan thinks all of his university classes are problematic because they claim to teach the truth, when in reality there is no truth. Instead, what is true will always depend on each person’s views and experiences. What theoretical framework do Hassan’s views best fit within? a) Structural Functionalism b) Conflict Theory c) Feminism d) Critical Race Theory e) Post-Modernism 74. Code of the Street was written by which of the following famous Sociologists? a) Elijah Anderson b) James Johnson c) Jean Baudrillard d) Pierre Bourdieu e) Kimberle Crenshaw 75. Weak ties increase which of the following… a) Social Capital b) Emotional Support c) Mental Health Support d) Cultural Capital e) Economic Capital