Practice Exam Questions.docx

Digestive system, gastroenterology In the phases of digestion, what comes after mechanical/chemical digestion? What is the name of the phase of digestion involving your mouth? Describe the order of organs/structures through which food passes before being expelled from your body What is the f...

Digestive system, gastroenterology In the phases of digestion, what comes after mechanical/chemical digestion? What is the name of the phase of digestion involving your mouth? Describe the order of organs/structures through which food passes before being expelled from your body What is the function of amylase in the digestive system? In our mouth What are the mechanical tools used for breakdown of food? What is the definition of peristalsis? Ist ein funktion What is the location and function of the epiglottis? What is the name of the J-shaped, muscular organ that stores food? What is the name given to food found in the stomach? Apart from breaking down proteins and lipids, what is another function of the acidic environment in your stomach? Which is longer, small or large intestine? What are villi and microvilli, and what are their purpose in the small intestine? Approximately how long is the small intestine? What is bacterial digestion? What is an extra function of the large intestine, which the small intestine does not share? What are the digestive accessory organs? Which organ produces bile, and filters out toxins and waste from the blood? What is the function of bile, and where is it stored? Bile baut fett ab What is the exocrine function of the pancreas? What is the endocrine function of the pancreas? Disease epidemiology What is the definition of disease? What was the common consensus of literates’ views on the source of disease? What percentage of uneducated people believe that disease is due to a bad physical environment? What are the four theories of causes of diseases? Give a short explanation of each. What are the 3 main factors necessary for disease to occur? What are the 4 levels of disease prevention? Give a short explanation of each. What are the 3 main strategies to achieve eradication of disease? How is disease surveillance performed? What is the distinguishing factor between anatomy and physiology? Who performed the earliest known studies of the human body? Where did the Anatomy Act of 1832 come into effect? What did it mean for medicine? What did Louis Pasteur invent? Answers to Disease epidemiology “Dis” + “ease” or disturbance in equilibrium man and his total environment Microbes 90% a) supernatural theory of disease b) ecological theory c) germ theory d) multifactorial causation theory Agent factors, Host factors, Environmental factors a) Primordial b)Primary c) Secondary d) Tertiary Eliminate the reservoir or source of agent, cut off transmission, make the population immune to that disease Watching the disease with suspicion, attention and authority; try to grasp the entire natural history of the disease Anatomy is the morphology of structures, physiology describes the functions of those structures 384 B.C. Aristotle first teacher of anatomy, 400 B.C. Hippocrates considered father of modern medicine United Kingdom Rabies vaccinations, pasteurization Latin exercise questions 1.What is the accusative singular of the noun genu, -us, n? a) genuum b) genibus c) genua d) genu 2. What is the Latin term for the opening of the diaphragm which gives passage to the vena cava? a) Foramen cavae venae b) Cavae venae foramen c) Foramen venae cavae 3. What is the ablative plural of the noun hospitalium, -i n. ? a) hospitaliia b) hospitaliis c) hospitalio d) hospitalium 4. What is the Latin term of multiple words for the muscle that extends and flexes the spine, helps maintain an upright position? a) Flexor spinae musculus b) Erector spinae musculus c) Musculus depressor spinae d) Musculus erector spinae 5. What is the dative singular (masculine/feminine gender) of the adjective temporalis, -e => temporal? a) temporali b) temporalis c) temporales d) temporalem 6. What is the gentive plural (neuter gender) of the adjective lymphaticus, -a, -um => lymphatic? a) lymphatica b) lymphaticum c) lymphaticorum d) lymphaticis 7. What is the Latin term of multiple words for the muscle that allows a person to move the corners of their mouth downwards? a) Musculus flexor anguli oris b) Musculus depressor anguli oris c) Musculus anguli oris depressor d) Musculus anguli oris flexor 8. What is the accusative singular of the adjective centralis, centrale for masculine gender? a) centralis b) centrali c) centralem d) centrales 9. What is the dative plural of the noun sanguis, -inis,m.? a) sanguinibus b) sanguines c) sanguinem d) sanguinium 10. What is the genitive plural of the noun facies, -ei, f.? a) facies b) faciebus c) faciei d) facierum Medical Sociology questions: 1. Which types of health behaviours do we have? 2. What would be an example of a health impairing habit? 3. What are the 4 models of doctor-patient relationship? 4. What is holistic care? 5. Characteristics of holistic care? 6. What are the 2 types of stress? 7. Write 4 symptoms of chronic stress? (1 for each category physical,emotional, cognital, behavioural) 8. What is social anomie? 9. What are 3 types of social support? 10. What is clinical empathy? Answers: 1. health behaviour, ill behaviour, sick roll behaviour. 2. Smoking 3. Paternalistic model, informative model, interpretative model, deliberative model. 4. Holistic care is complete patient care 5. physical, emotional, social, economic and spiritual needs 6. Chronic and acute 7. Physical : headache; Emotional : anxiety ; Cognitive : inability to focus ; Behavioural : procrastination 8. Social anomie is individual sense of alienation or social distance 9. Emotional, instrumental and informational 10. Clinical empathy is the act of correctly acknowledging the emotional state of another without experiencing it. Questions received from professors What disease caused the largest number of fatalities in a single epidemic in the history of Europe? Between 1518-1531, one-third of the total population of Native Americans in the New World died due to which disease? The great age of hospital building and medical universities was in which century? Who first properly explained the circulation of blood in the heart? Who performed the first controlled clinical trial in history? Answers to History Plague Small pox 12th Century William Harvey James Lind 1. Categories of cerebral hypoxia are: diffuse cerebral hypoxia focal cerebral ischemia cerebral infarction global cerebral ischemia everything is true 2. Without perfusion and oxygenation irreversible brain damage appears after 7-9 minutes 5-7 minutes 3-5 minutes 1-3 minutes 10 minutes 3. Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), comprises of: anoxic brain injury post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction systemic ischemia/reperfusion response persistent precipitating pathology everything is true 4. In a person with persistent vegetative state (PVS) basic brain functions that continue are: breathing spontaneously maintaining the heartbeat and blood pressure digesting food everything is true nothing is true 5. Chances of successful restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) decreases with each minute following sudden cardiac arrest by: 2% 5% 7% 10% 15% 6. Before starting CPR, you should check: Is the environment safe for the person? b) Is the person conscious or unconscious? c) If the person doesn't respond and two people are available, have one person call 911 or the local emergency number and get the AED (if one is available), and have the other person begin CPR d) everything is true e) nothing is true 7. Chest compressions (to restore blood circulation) and rescue breathing (to breathe for the person) are components of CPR. What is the proposed breathing:compressions ratio during CPR: 2:10 2:15 2:20 2:30 2:45