NURS1008 Practical 2 Fall 2024 PDF

PRACTICAL 2 NURS1008 - Sterilization and disinfection - Normal flora DEFINITIONS Sterilization is the or removal of ALL microorganisms, including bacterial spores, which are highly resistant. Example : Sterilization of medical equipment DEFINITIONS Disinfection is the ki...

PRACTICAL 2 NURS1008 - Sterilization and disinfection - Normal flora DEFINITIONS Sterilization is the or removal of ALL microorganisms, including bacterial spores, which are highly resistant. Example : Sterilization of medical equipment DEFINITIONS Disinfection is the killing/inhibition or removal of many, but not all, microorganisms. some organisms and bacterial spores may ­survive. Example: Disinfection of the skin before blood collection by 70% ethanol.  DEFINITIONS Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to Non- living objects to destroy microorganisms. Antiseptics are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection and sepsis.  METHODS OF STERILIZATION & DISINFECTION C H E M I CA L AG E N T S PHYSI CA L AG EN T S Agents that Disrupt cell membrane - Alcohols. Heat - Phenols. - Detergents Radiation Agents that modify proteins - Ultraviolet light - chlorine. - X-rays and Gamma rays - Iodine - Heavy metals Filtration - Hydrogen peroxide - Formaldehyde & glutaraldehyde Gas sterilization - Ethylene oxide and Formalin gas CHEMICAL AGENTS -LIQUID CHEMICALS -GAS CHEMICALS PRESEPT TABLETS Chlorine Kills bacteria, viruses, fungi but not spores Used as disinfecting the surfaces DISINFECTANT WIPES  D I S I N F E C TA N T Powerful against almost all V I R KO N microorganisms: Viruses Bacteria Fungi less effective against spores  ALCOHOL Antiseptic SWABS - Ethanol/ isopropyl alcohol: Maximum activity as 70%. Kills bacteria and fungi but not spores. HAND SANITIZER ANTISEPTIC  Antiseptic C HLOR HE X I DI NE G L U C O N AT E Chlorhexidine is a chlorinated phenol. - Uses: - hand scrub before surgery. - Wound cleansing. PHYSICAL AGENTS - H E AT - R A D I AT I O N - F I LT R AT I O N  AUTOCLAVE Moist heat Heat and water energy kills microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and spores Uses:  Surgical instruments  Culture media  Linen  Plastic ware  Solutions and water  Biohazardous waste Click icon to add picture RADIATION Gamma and X-rays (ionizing). Uses: heat-sensitive items like sutures, surgical gloves and syringes Known as (cold sterilization). (UV light) Non ionizing  Uses: FILTRATION  for heat sensitive compounds - Intravenous fluids - Vaccines - antibiotics  Nitrocellulose filter papers (0.22 µm) can filter all bacteria and spores. IODINE (BETADINE) DRY POWDER SPRAY Uses: skin antiseptic prior to collecting blood culture and intravenous catheter insertion. skin antiseptic before surgery  G AS S T E R I L I Z AT I O N Ethylene oxide Sterilization of heat sensitive materials Uses: - Glass and metal surfaces. - Surgical instruments and plastics (NOT liquids)