Qualitative Research PDF

GOOD MORNING CLASS! PRAYER GUESS THE WORD INQUIRY GUESS THE WORD RESEARCH  GUESS THE WORD CHARACTERISTIC GUESS THE WORD ETHICS CHARACTERISTICS AND KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH  Learning Objectives: Differentiate quantitative from quali...

GOOD MORNING CLASS! PRAYER GUESS THE WORD INQUIRY GUESS THE WORD RESEARCH  GUESS THE WORD CHARACTERISTIC GUESS THE WORD ETHICS CHARACTERISTICS AND KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH  Learning Objectives: Differentiate quantitative from qualitative; Describe the characteristics and kinds of qualitative research; and Justify the usefulness of qualitative research.  What is inquiry? Is a learning process that motivates you to obtain knowledge or information about people, things, places, or events. -other term is “investigation”  What is research? A process of executing various mental acts for discovering and examining facts and information to prove the accuracy or truthfulness of your claims or conclusions about the topic of your research.  What is research? Research requires you to inquire or investigate about you chosen research topic. CHARACTERISTICS O A F RESEARC H  Accuracy It must give factual and exact data in which should be correctly and appropriately documented or acknowledged in the footnotes, note, and bibliographical entries.  Objectivity It must deal with facts and not with mere opinions arising from assumptions, generalizations, predictions or conclusions.  Timeliness It must work on a topic that is fresh, new and interesting to the present society.  Relevance Its topic must be instrumental in improving society or in solving problems affecting the lives of people in a community.  Clarity It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries by using simple, direct, and correct language. Systematic It must take place in an organized or orderly manner.  Ethical It must be geared toward what are advantageous or beneficial rather than what we are detrimental by respecting preferences or matters of confidentiality, independence or freedom. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH  What is qualitative research? Type of research that will satisfy your curiosity. It has something to do with observing, describing, interviewing, and appreciating. Quantitative V Qualitative s.  Quantitative Qualitative Concerned with Concern with in- measurement and depth understanding numbers. It is which is purely dependent on described in words, statistical tools and phrases or numerical scales. sentences. Used to quantify the Exploratory research. problem.  Quantitative Qualitative Employs survey Uses interviews, questionnaire, participant checklist, paper- observation, focus pencil test and group discussions experimentation in (FGD), participatory gathering data. rapid appraisal (PRA), document analysis and content analysis in gathering  Quantitative Qualitative In terms of data In terms of data gathering, gathering activities, quantitative research qualitative research is deductive (“top- is inductive. down” method). (“bottom-up” method). Objective. Subjective. Close ended Open ended  Quantitative Qualitative Outcome: Outcome: Develop Recommended a an initial or deeper final course or understanding. action. CHARACTERISTICS O F QUALITATIVE RESEARCH  1. Inductive Analysis Qualitative research allows the researcher to immerse in a subject. The researcher starts with a guide questions which continuously change depending on what he/she wants to know.  2. Naturalistic Inquiry Qualitative researcher often collects data in the field where participants experience the issues or problems under study.  4. Holistic Perspective “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts”. Qualitative researcher tries to develop a complex picture of the problems or issues under study.  5. Researcher as the key instrument Qualitative researcher collects data himself through examining documents, observing behavior, and interviewing participants.  6. Dynamic System. Qualitative researcher is open to change his/her research process as the research process succeeds. 7. Unique Case Orientation Qualitative researcher must remember that every study is special, and h/she must observe in-depth attention to the subject matter. 8. Context Sensitivity Qualitative researcher is sensitive to the cultures, traditions and beliefs of his subject.  9. Empathic Neutrality Ideally, qualitative researcher is non-judgemental when compiling findings.  10. Design Flexibility Qualitative researcher can continue to do research on other topics or questions that emerge from initial research.  11. Multiple Methods Qualitative researcher typically gathers multiple forms of data, such as interviews, observations and documents, rather than relying on a single data source.  12. Thematic Analysis Qualitative researcher develops themes in reporting his/her findings. His/her reports reflect multiple perspectives of the participants in the study.  KINDS O F QUALITATIVE RESEARCH  1. CASE STUDY It seeks to find answers to why such things occurs to the subject.  2. ETHNOGRAPHY A study of a certain cultural group to get a clear understanding of its organizational set up, internal operations and lifestyles.  3. Phenomenology Designed to focus on thee commonality of a lived experience with a group.  4. Grounded Theory Designed to discover what problems exist in a given social environment and how the persons involved handle these problems.  5. Discourse Analysis “Beyond the sentence”. It deals with texts, interactions and social practices at the local institutional and societal levels.  6. Historical Research Is a method of examination of evidences in understanding the past events. It involves studying, understanding and interpreting past events.  7. Narrative Report Designed to present things or events that have happened in the past through a logical progression of the relevant information.  8. Biography Is the study of an individual’s life and struggles and how they reflect cultural themes of the society.  9. Action Research Is a classroom-based or school- based research that seeks transformative change through the simultaneous process of taking action and doing research which are linked together by critical reflection. THE RESEARCH PROCESS  CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING INTRODUCTION -This is initial stage of research that identifies the issue being STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM investigated HYPOTHESIS THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY SCOPE AND DELIMITATION DEFINITION OF TERMS  CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE -Searching for existing research on the topic to support the study/research  CHAPTER III RSEARCH METHODOLOGIES -Choosing the appropriate data collection methods (e.g., surveys, interviews RESEARCH DESIGN RESEARCH LOCALE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT DATA GATHERING TECHNIQUE PARTICIPANTS OF THE STUDY PROCEDURE OF THE STUDY ETHICS IN RESEARCH  CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION OF DATA -Interpreting and making sense of the collected data is the primary focus  CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -summarizes the findings and suggests future directions SUMMARY OF FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES  APPENDICES RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE DOCUMENTATIONS DIFFERENT LETTERS CURRICULUM VITAE