OCR Reading Skills Teaching & Assessment PDF

 Define reading and reading skills. Identify methods and types of reading skills. Select differentiated learning tasks in teaching reading.  It emphasizes the importance of building positive attitudes towards reading, Providing balanced and consistent instruction, Encouraging indepen...

 Define reading and reading skills. Identify methods and types of reading skills. Select differentiated learning tasks in teaching reading.  It emphasizes the importance of building positive attitudes towards reading, Providing balanced and consistent instruction, Encouraging independent reading, coordinating intervention and classroom instruction. Graves, M. et al.(2007) offers instructional principles in teaching reading: building positive attitudes and perspectives; provide a balanced instructional framework; consistent instructional structure and used time effectively; provide text that students can read successfully. provide time for word study; encourage independent reading; coordinate intervention instruction and classroom instruction. It provides a comprehensive list of teaching strategies to enhance reading comprehension, including utilizing graphic organizers activating prior knowledge using a word wall and offering opportunities for student choice.  According to MacEwan, E(2007) to improve student’s reading comprehension, teachers should introduce the seven cognitive strategies of effective readers like activating, inferring, monitoring- clarifying, questioning, searching-selecting and summarizing.  A particular interpretation of something. A skill which enable us to get a message. Recognizing a written words or written symbols Grasping information from texts. Ability to understand written text.  Ability to understand written text.  Skimming Scanning Intensive Reading Extensive Reading  Skimming is a quick reading. -to know a general meaning of a passage. -to get the idea of the intention of the writer. Skimming is a more complex task than scanning because it requires the reader to organize and remember some of the information given by the author, not just to locate it.  Scanning is a quick reading, focusing on locating specific information. Scanning involves quick eye movement. Scanning is used when a specific piece of information is required.  Intensive reading, sometime called “narrow reading” , may involve students reading selection by the same author or several texts about the same topic.  Extensive reading is carried out to “to achieve a general understanding of a text.” (Brown, 1994) Extensive reading is always done for the comprehension of main ideas, not for specific details.  Purposes of reading, includes career advancement, language acquisition, vocabulary development, and stimulating discussion. It outlines a structured approach to teaching reading, dividing the process into three stages: 1.Pre-reading 2.During reading 3.Post-reading, with specific activities for each stage. 18  It allows the readers to activate their prior knowledge and create a schema based on the upcoming selection to be taken up. The following are sample activities: Critical vocabulary Directed Reading Activity Anticipation Guide  Critical vocabulary- These are the unfamiliar words found in the selection/reading material. Directed Reading Activity- It is a comprehension strategy that guides students in asking questions about a text, making predictions, and then reading to confirm their prediction. Anticipation Guide- It is a comprehension strategy that is used to activate students prior knowledge and build curiosity about a new topic.  The following are reading strategies and activities during the reading process Page encounter Reading Interface Visualizing Highlights  This stage of reading activity is done after a story or selection is read. Following activities may help asses how much the students understand the reading material; Dimensional question Graphic organizer Dimensional question- It follows a dimensions; literal, inferential, critical evaluation, and integration. Graphic organizer- These are illustration that the students can use to capture their understanding of the story/ competencies.  Concept of Assessment as a process for gathering information about student learning and using that information to improve teaching and learning. It allows students to check their own understanding and monitor progress in the attainment of learning objectives and the development of reading comprehension skills. 24  To evaluate the effectiveness of teaching practices, tracking student progress, and diagnosing strengths and weaknesses.  In TeachThought, there are 6 types of assessment help measure the understanding of whatever is the material. These are: Diagnostic, formative, summative, norm-referenced, criterion-referenced, interim/benchmark, and informal reading inventory (IRI).  Diagnostic- Pre-assessment whereby students’ strength, weaknesses, knowledge and skills are being assessed. Formative assessment- students’ performance is monitored and checked during instruction. Summative assessment- this measure students’ achievement at the end of instruction. Criterion-referenced assessment- measures a student’s performance against a goal or specific objectives. Benchmark assessment is done to evaluate a students performance at periodic interval.  Emphasizes the important role of phonological awareness in reading development, and the relationship between reading and spelling success. Exercising the vocal cords, name identification, and building acronym are some practical activities that help develop and reinforce phonemic awareness.  Comprehension is the understanding and interpretation of what is read. It presents reading assessment activities to reinforce comprehension skills, including caricature analysis, interpreting graphs, problem- solution rote, symbol translation, and news item analysis.  Fluency is the ability to read with speed, accuracy and proper expression. Fluent readers are able to read smoothly and effortlessly, allowing them to focus on understanding the meaning of the text. 30  Some activities that can help develop students’ fluency skills includes, the last word is mine, free talk, compensatory strategies, mini-debate, and phone/messenger conversation.