Policing Models & Criminal Justice | PDF

**Policing Policy Models :** The **Crime Control Model** and **Due Process Model** are two fundamental frameworks used to guide policing strategies, focusing on different aspects of law enforcement and justice. These models reflect contrasting philosophies on how police should balance crime control...

**Policing Policy Models :** The **Crime Control Model** and **Due Process Model** are two fundamental frameworks used to guide policing strategies, focusing on different aspects of law enforcement and justice. These models reflect contrasting philosophies on how police should balance crime control with individual rights. **1. Crime Control Model** prioritizes the **repression of criminal behavior** and emphasizes the need for law enforcement agencies to focus on deterring and apprehending criminals quickly and efficiently. The primary objective is to prevent crime and maintain public order. **2. Due Process Model** emphasizes the protection of **individual rights** and fair treatment for all people under the law. It advocates for **careful adherence** to legal procedures and safeguards to prevent wrongful convictions and ensure justice is served equitably. *The **Crime Control Model** is focused on swift and decisive law enforcement to protect society from crime, sometimes at the expense of individual rights. On the other hand, the **Due Process Model** seeks to protect individual freedoms and ensures that justice is dispensed fairly, even if it results in delays or inefficiencies in the system.* - - **Reasons Behind Comparing Systems and Issues in Criminal Justice** Comparing criminal justice systems across countries and cultures is essential for understanding global law enforcement and criminal justice issues. According to Harry Damner, there are several key reasons for engaging in comparative studies of criminal justice systems, which can lead to improved practices, policies, and outcomes. Here are the **basic reasons** for comparison: **1. To Benefit from the Experience of Others** - **2. To Broaden Our Understanding of Different Cultures and Approaches to Problems** - **3. To Help Us Deal with the Many Transnational Crime Problems That Plague Our World Today** - **Comparative Criminal Justice** - - **SUCH STUDY TAKE :** **A) Descriptive Approach**: focuses on **documenting** and **outlining** the characteristics of different criminal justice systems. **B) Historical Approach**: traces the **development** and **evolution** of criminal justice systems over time. **C) Political Approach**: focuses on how **political ideologies** and **systems of government** influence criminal justice systems. **Basic functions** of the system can be categorized into three main components: **1. Policing (FUNCTION: POLICE / LE)** is the first stage in the criminal justice system, and it involves the enforcement of laws, maintaining public order, and protecting citizens from criminal behavior. Police play a key role in investigating crimes, apprehending suspects, and ensuring that laws are obeyed. The main functions of policing include: - - - - - **2. Adjudication (COURT)** refers to the legal process through which criminal cases are processed in courts, determining whether a defendant is guilty or innocent. The judicial system ensures that the accused is given a fair trial, and that justice is served based on the law. The main functions of adjudication include: - - - - - **3. Corrections (INSTI. / NON INSTI. CORRECTION)** refers to the system responsible for managing individuals who have been convicted of crimes, and it plays a crucial role in rehabilitating offenders, ensuring public safety, and administering punishments. The correctional system operates both during and after the adjudication process. The main functions of corrections include: - - - - -