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MODULE 5 Construction Related Services **BIDDING AND NEGOTIATIONS** - Bidding and contract negotiation are two distinct steps in traditional contractor selection. While these may constitute only a small portion of an architect's overall services, they are a critical bridge between d...

MODULE 5 Construction Related Services **BIDDING AND NEGOTIATIONS** - Bidding and contract negotiation are two distinct steps in traditional contractor selection. While these may constitute only a small portion of an architect's overall services, they are a critical bridge between design and construction. **PREPARATION** - sending complete sets of contracts - documents to two or more contractors who bid against each other. Usually, the lowest bidder is awarded the contract. The initial tasks in a competitive bidding process include determining whether the pool of bidders should be open or selective, qualifying contractors, and preparing and issuing the bid package. **CHOOSING OPEN OR SELECTIVE BIDDING** **Open bidding** allows any contractor to participate, promoting competition and suitability for public projects. - Designed to attract a large pool of potential bidders. - Common in public sector projects where transparency and competition are emphasized. - Involves publishing an \"advertisement to bid\" in trade or government publications or professional journals. - Allows any interested contractor to participate, promoting open competition. **Selective bidding** limits participation to experienced contractors, prioritizing quality and often used in private or specialized projects. - Limits the number of bidders to a select, pre-qualified group. - Commonly used for projects where the client prioritizes reliability, experience, or existing relationships. - Involves an \"invitation to bid\" sent to contractors chosen based on factors like reputation, recommendations, prior work, or a prior relationship with the owner or architect. - Aims to ensure quality and alignment with the project needs. **QUALIFYING BIDDERS** Prospective bidders are evaluated for their ability to complete the project successfully. In open bidding, pre-qualification helps eliminate unsuitable bidders and reduces administrative effort. The **Contractor's Confidential Application Statement for Inclusion (CCASI)** is often used in this stage. It provides comprehensive details about the contractor, including business history, scope of operations, past project experience, references, bonding capacity, and financial information. **BID PACKAGE** Once bidders have been identified, a package of information concerning the proposed project is issued. The package includes the following: Invitation or advertisement to bid Drawings and specifications Bid form Notice to Bidders Instructions to Bidders Proposed contract documents Bid security details (if required) After bidding documents are distributed, modifications may be needed before the bid submission deadline. Once bids are submitted, a **bid opening** is conducted, and the contractor is selected. All bidders are notified of the decision, but the successful bidder is informed in a way that avoids creating a binding agreement until the contract is signed. The bids from the next two or three lowest bidders are typically retained for a period as a contingency. **AFTER THE AGREEMENT** After signing the owner-contractor agreement, the contractor submits a list of proposed subcontractors and suppliers to the architect. Prime contractors often subcontract parts of the work due to project size or specialized expertise. While the contractor selects subcontractors, they can reasonably object to those proposed by the owner. The architect or owner may also object to subcontractors on the list, but objections must be prompt to allow for substitutions. If a substitution affects costs, the contract sum is adjusted via a change order. Subcontractor changes require the architect's and owner's approval. **REPUBLIC ACT 9184** GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT REFORM ACT - AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE MODERNIZATION, STANDARDIZATION AND REGULATION OF THE PROCUREMENT ACTIVITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. **DEFINITION OF TERMS** 1. **Approved Budget for the Contract (ABC)** is the budget authorized for a contract by the head of the procuring entity. - For **National Government Agencies**, it is based on the **General Appropriations Act** or continuing appropriations. - For **Government-Owned or -Controlled Corporations (GOCCs)**, **Government Financial Institutions (GFIs)**, and **State Universities and Colleges (SUCs)**, it is approved by their governing boards (per E.O. No. 518, series of 1979). - For **Local Government Units (LGUs)**, it is approved by the respective **Sanggunian** 2. **BAC** -- refers to the Bids and Awards Committee established in accordance with Article V of this Act. 3. **Bidding Documents** -- refers to documents issued by the Procuring Entity as the basis for Bids, furnishing all information necessary for a prospective bidder to prepare a bid for the Goods, Infrastructure Projects, and Consulting Services to be provided. 4. **Bid** -- refers to a signed offer or proposal submitted by a supplier, manufacturer, distributor, contractor or consultant in response to the Bidding Documents. 5. **Competitive Bidding** - refers to a method of procurement which is open to participation by any interested party, and which consists of the following processes: advertisement, pre-bid conference, eligibility screening of prospective bidders, receipt and opening of bids, evaluation of bids, post-qualification, and award of contract. 6. **Consulting Services --** refer to services for Infrastructure refer to services for Infrastructure Projects and other types of projects or activities of the Government requiring adequate external technical and professional expertise that are beyond the capability and/or capacity of the government to undertake such as, but not limited to: (i) advisory and review services; (ii) pre- investment or feasibility studies; (iii) design; (iv) construction supervision; (v) management and related services; and (vi) other technical services or special studies. 7. **GPPB** -- refers to the Government Procurement Policy Board established in accordance with Article XX of this Act. 8. **Head of the Procuring Entity** - Refers to: (i) the head of the agency or authorized official for national government agencies; (ii) the governing board or authorized official for GOCCs; or (iii) the local chief executive for LGUs. For decentralized procurement, the head of the decentralized unit acts as the Head of the Procuring Entity within delegated authority. 9. **Infrastructure Projects** - Includes the construction, improvement, rehabilitation, demolition, repair, restoration, or maintenance of roads, bridges, railways, airports, seaports, communication facilities, IT project civil works, irrigation, flood control, water supply, sanitation, sewerage, waste management, shore protection, energy facilities, electrification, national buildings, schools, hospitals, and other government construction projects. 10. **IRR** -- refer to the implementing rules and regulations to be promulgated in accordance with Section 75 this Act. 11. **Procurement** - Refers to the acquisition of Goods, Consulting Services, and contracting for Infrastructure Projects by the Procuring Entity, including the lease of goods and real estate. Real property procurement is governed by Republic Act No. 8974 and other applicable laws, rules, and regulations. 12. **Procuring Entity** - refers to any branch, department, office, agency, or instrumentality of the government including state universities and colleges, government-owned and/or -controlled corporations, government financial institutions, and local government units procuring Goods, Consulting Services and Infrastructure Projects. **STANDARDIZED COMPETITIVE BIDDING PROCEDURE** **1.Advertisement/Posting of the Invitation to Bid or Request for Expression of Interest** To signal the start of the bidding process and invite interested bidders to participate in the procurement activity, through the following: - Bid opportunity, including complete Bidding Document is uploaded for at least seven (7) calendar days at the websites of the agency and the Philippine Government Electronic Procurement System (PhilGEPS); - Bid opportunity is posted at conspicuous places; and - Recently Repealed: Advertisement in at least one (1) newspaper of general nationwide circulation for procurement projects with ABC \>PhP10,000,000.00 for Goods, \>PhP 15,000,000.00 for Infrastructure Projects, and \>PhP5,000,00.00 for Consulting Services **2. Advertisement/Posting** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | APPROVED BUDGET FOR THE CONTRACT | MAXIMUM COST OF BIDDING | | | | | | DOCUMENTS IN PHP | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 500, 000 and below | 500 | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | More than 500, 000 up to 1 | 1,000 | | Million | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | More than 1 million up to 5 | 5,000 | | million | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | More than 5 million up to 10 | 10,000 | | million | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | More than 10 million up to 50 | 25,000 | | million | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | More than 50 million up to 500 | 50,000 | | million | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | More than 500 million | 75,000 | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **3. Pre-Bid Conference** To discuss, clarify and explain the different aspects of the project of the procuring entity with the prospective bidders - The pre-bid conference is held at least 12 calendar days before the bid submission deadline, but not earlier than 7 calendar days from the bid advertisement. - It can be conducted in person or via videoconferencing, webcasting, or a combination. - Clarifications and changes to the Bidding Documents are issued through Supplemental/Bid Bulletins, posted on PhilGEPS, the agency\'s website, and at conspicuous places at least 7 calendar days before the submission deadline. - Bids can be modified or withdrawn before the submission deadline. **4. Receipt and Opening of Bids** a\. Bids submitted should be on the date, time, and place specified in the advertisement through a Two-Envelope System: - 1stEnvelope - Eligibility Requirements (except for Consulting Services) and Technical Component - 2nd Envelope -- Financial Component b\. Only the 2nd envelope of eligible bidders whose 1^st^ envelope have been rated "passed" shall be opened c\. Bids submitted after the deadline shall not be accepted **ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FOREIGN BIDDERS** In the case of foreign bidders, appropriate equivalent documents issued by the country of the foreign bidder under Class "A" Documents shall be submitted, provided that: - The documents are in English, or - If the documents submitted are in a foreign language other than English, it must be accompanied by a translation of documents in English by any of the following: - relevant foreign government agency. - the foreign government agency authorized to translate documents, or - a registered translator in the foreign bidder's country. - Documents submitted by foreign bidders must be authenticated by the appropriate Philippine foreign service establishment or equivalent office. - Only after post-qualification and confirmation by the BAC can it be determined if the foreign documents are acceptable substitutes for the required eligibility documents, as per Section 23.2 of the IRR (NPM 42-2013). - Establishing correct calculated prices of bids; and - Ranking calculated total bid prices from lowest to b\. A non-discretionary criterion shall be used, which shall include consideration of: - Completeness of bids; and - Minor arithmetical corrections c\. The No Contact Rule which prohibits communication between bidders and the BAC shall apply only to those whose bids are being evaluated by the BAC after passing the preliminary examination until the issuance of Notice of Award. d\. No communication should be made by bidders until a decision to award a contract is made by the BAC **NEGOTIATION FOR CONSULTING SERVICES** Negotiations shall cover the following: - Discussion and clarification of the TOR and Scope of Services; - Discussion and finalization of the Procedural Requirements and work program; - Consideration of appropriateness of qualifications and pertinent compensation, number of man-months and the personnel. - Discussion on the services, facilities and data, if any, to be provided by PE concerned. Discussion on the financial proposal submitted by the consultant for QBE; and - Provisions of the contract. - Except for meritorious reasons, negotiations with any one consultant shall be completed within ten (10) calendar days **6. Post-Qualification** - To determine if the bidder/consultant with the Lowest Calculated Bid (LCB) or Highest Rated Bid (HRB) complies with all eligibility requirements and bidding conditions, they must be declared the Lowest Calculated and Responsive Bid (LCRB) or Highest Rated Responsive Bid (HRRB) - A non-discretionary pass/fail criterion shall be used to "Verify, Validate and Ascertain" all statements and documents (licenses, certificates, etc.) submitted by the LCB/HRB 7**. Award of Contract** - Additional documents are also required to be submitted by the LCRB/HRRB - Contract shall be awarded to the bidder with the LCRB/HRRB at its submitted price or total calculated bid price, whichever is lower - The BAC must notify all bidders in writing of its recommendation to the Head of the Procuring Entity (HoPE) for the award of the contract to the Lowest Calculated and Responsive Bid (LCRB) or Highest Rated Responsive Bid (HRRB) within 3 calendar days. - The Notice of Award (NOA) and Notice to Proceed (NTP) are issued by the HoPE. Both the NOA and NTP, along with the contract, must be posted on the PhilGEPS website, the agency\'s website, and at a conspicuous place within 3 calendar days and 15 calendar days, respectively, from their issuance. - The contract effectivity date should be provided in the Notice to Proceed, which should not be later than seven (7) calendar days from its issuance. - The BAC Secretariat shall post the NOA in the PhilGEPS, PE's websites and in any conspicuous place within 3 calendar days from its issuance. **FAILURE OF BIDDING** \- A failure of bidding is declared by the BAC when: 1.No bids are received. 2.Bids were received but no one was eligible. 3.All bids failed to post qualify; or 4\. Someone post qualified but refused without justifiable cause to accept the award. RESERVATION CLAUSE The HoPE reserves the right to: - Reject any and all bids. - Declare a failure of bidding; or - Not award the contract. Grounds: - Prima facie evidence of collusion. - BAC is found to have failed in following the prescribed bidding procedures. - For justifiable reasons, the award of contract will not redound to the benefit of the Government **CONSTRUCTION PHASE** - The architect's services during construction begin with the notice-to-proceed and involve project meetings at the construction site. The architect monitors construction progress handles requests for information, project changes, submittals, and payment applications. Their main goal is to protect the owner's interests, ensuring that the work is progressing well and maintaining control of contract documents. The architect acts as a communication link between the owner and contractor, judging the contractor's performance. The owner must provide the architect with a copy of the owner-contractor agreement for contract administration. The architect's responsibilities for observing construction and determining if the contractor is supporting the design intent fall into Five categories: **1.Construction Observation** **2.Document Clarification** **3.Submittal Review** **4.Certificates for Payment** **5.Certification of Completion and Project Closeout** **1. OBSERVING CONSTRUCTION** - The architect makes periodic site visits to monitor progress and ensure work aligns with the Contract Documents. The architect is not required to provide continuous supervision and is not responsible for the contractor's failure to meet the contract. Based on observations, the architect reports defects and deficiencies to the client and condemns non-conforming work. **2. DOCUMENT CLARIFICATION** - The architect\'s primary activity during construction is to provide clarifications and interpretations. If a clarification leads to a change in the contract scope or construction schedule, a change order is required to adjust the contract accordingly. **3. SUBMITTAL REVIEW** - Submittals are detailed representations of how the contractor will execute the work and are essential for reviewing conformance to the construction contract. The contractor is typically required to keep an up-to-date set of approved submittals on-site for the architect\'s reference during site observations. If a full-time project representative is employed, a complete set of approved submittals is usually maintained in the architect's on-site office. **4.CERTIFICATES FOR PAYMENT** - The architect determines the amount due to the contractor and issues Certificates for Payment based on observations and the contractor\'s Applications for Payment. These certificates confirm to the client that the work has progressed as indicated and meets the quality standards outlined in the Contract Documents. The architect also conducts inspections to determine substantial and final completion, issuing the final Certificate of Payment to the contractor. **5. CERTIFICATION OF COMPLETION AND PROJECT CLOSEOUT** - Project closeout activities in the architect\'s office, as outlined in the owner-architect agreement, include punch list modifications, review of the contractor\'s closeout submittals, and preparation and issuance of the certificate of substantial completion and final change order. **PUNCH LIST** - Once construction is complete, the architect conducts a final walk-through and creates a punch list, noting any remaining items that need completion. After these items are addressed, the project is officially considered complete. **Closeout Documents** - The contractor's closeout submittals typically include warranties, record drawings, as-built drawings, specifications, operations manuals, maintenance schedules, videos, and extra materials. These items must be reviewed to ensure the contractor has met contractual requirements before being delivered to the owner. If more extensive inspection or full-time construction supervision is required, a separate supervisor must be hired, with conditions agreed upon by the owner and architect. If the architect is requested for full-time supervision, their services and fees will be covered separately, in line with the applicable SPP Document. **CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION** - Contract document administration for an architect ensures that a construction contract is executed as agreed by all parties. The architect acts as an unbiased expert, making sure the contract is followed fairly by both the client and the builder. This process begins with the construction phase, after the contract is signed and necessary permits and certificates are secured. - The main goal of contract administration is to ensure the construction project stays on track and is completed according to the contract terms. It\'s important to note that the process goes beyond just reviewing the contract. - Parties involved in the construction project must refer to the contract periodically to ensure the project stays on track. While the terms \"contract administration\" and \"contract management\" are often used interchangeably, they refer to separate processes. Contract administration focuses on the planning of contracts, while contract management involves the implementation and management of those contracts. **Here are some responsibilities of a contract document administrator:** **Contract management**: Oversee change orders, payment certifications, and other contract-related paperwork **Coordination:** Act as the primary point of contact for the client and contractor, answering questions and addressing concerns **Site visits:** Make regular visits to the construction site **Represent the client:** Advocate for the client\'s interests with the contractors, consultants, and suppliers **Quality Assurance:** Monitor the quality of the work being done and ensure it meets the contract\'s requirements **Respond to RFIs:** Respond to Requests for Information (RFIs) from the contractor. **Assess claims:** Evaluate progress claims and issue progress certificates **Mitigate Dispute**: Through documentation and adherence to agreed standards, architects help resolve issues early, promoting alignment between the client's expectations and the contractor's deliverables. **MANNER OF PROVIDING SERVICES** TWO WAYS BY WHICH ARCHI. MAY ENTER ONTO CONTACT WITH THE OWNER AS THE LEAD PROFESSIONAL WORKING... - With single contract between the architect and owner, and sub-consultancy contracts bet. The arch. And the other professionals working with the architect. - With the architect and the engineering and allied professionals executing separate contracts with the owner. **DISPUTE AND AVOIDANCE RESOLUTION (R.A. NO. 9285**) **R.A. NO. 9285** - AN ACT TO INSTITUTIONALIZE THE USE OF AN ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES AND TO ESTABLISH THE OFFICE FOR ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES An architect specializing in Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) must have more than just basic knowledge of the various ADR modes under R.A. No. 9285 (the ADR Act of 2004) and its IRR, including Construction Arbitration, Mediation, Conciliation, Negotiation, Contract Administration, Quality Surveys, Appraisals, Adjustments, and Expert Testimony. It is preferable for such an architect to be State-accredited. **SEC. 34 : Governing Law.---**The arbitration of construction disputes shall be governed by Executive Order No. 1008, otherwise known as the Construction Industry Arbitration Law. **SEC. 35. Coverage of the Law.** - Construction disputes that fall under the original and exclusive jurisdiction of the Construction Industry Arbitration Commission (CIAC) include those between parties bound by an arbitration agreement, whether directly or by reference. These parties may include the project owner, contractor, subcontractor, fabricator, project manager, design professional, consultant, quantity surveyor, bondsman, or issuer of an insurance policy involved in a construction project. **SEC. 36. Authority to Act as Mediator or Arbitrator**. - By written agreement, the parties to a dispute may allow an arbitrator to act as a mediator and a mediator to act as an arbitrator. Additionally, the parties may agree in writing that, after a successful mediation, the mediator will issue the settlement agreement as an arbitral award. **SEC. 37. Appointment of Foreign Arbitrator.** - ---The Construction Industry Arbitration Commission (CIAC) shall promulgate rules to allow for the appointment of a foreign arbitrator as co-arbitrator or chairman of a tribunal a person who has not been previously accredited by CIAC: Provided, That: 1. the dispute is a construction dispute in which one party is an international party. 2. the person to be appointed agreed to abide by the arbitration rules and policies of CIAC. 3. he/she is either co-arbitrator upon the nomination of the international party; or he/she is the common choice of the two 4. CIAC accredited arbitrators first appointed, one of whom was nominated by the international party; and 5. the foreign arbitrator shall be of different nationality from the international party. **SEC. 38. Applicability to Construction Arbitration**. ---The provisions of Sections 17(d) of Chapter 2, and Sections 28 and 29 of this Act shall apply to arbitration of construction disputes covered by this Chapter. **SEC. 39. Court to Dismiss Case Involving a Construction Dispute.** - If a construction dispute is filed in a Regional Trial Court and the court becomes aware, no later than the pre-trial conference, that the parties have entered into an arbitration agreement, the court shall dismiss the case and refer the parties to arbitration with the CIAC. This referral will occur unless both parties, with assistance from their respective counsel, submit a written agreement to the court, stating that the dispute should be resolved exclusively by the court rather than the CIAC. **MODULE 6. THE FIRM** - 21^st^CENTURY PRACTICE REQUIRES ARCI. TO ADOPT AN ENTREPRENEURIAL AAPPROACH DEPENDENT ON RISK-TOLERANCE, SELF-AWARENESS, AND COMFORT WITH UNPREDICTABILITY. - A FIRM GIVES ARCHITECT'S OPPORTUNITY TO LEVERAGE TALENT AND DRIVE TO CREATE A WORK-LIFE THAT IS BOTH PERSONALLY SATISFAYING AND FINANCIALLY REWARDING. **HISTORY:** - **2600 BC:** THE EARLIEST RECORDED EGYPTIAN ARCHITECT - IMHOTEP (MASTER OF PYRAMIDS) - **80-15 BC** -- ROMAN ARCHITECT - VITRUVIUS -- WHO WROTE THE OLDEST SURVIVING BOOK DE ARCHITECTURA. - **LATE 1800'S:** MCKIM, MEAD&WHITE -- THE FIRST TO ESTABLISH LARGE, MODERN ARCHITECTURAL OFFICE IN THE US BY HENRY RICHARDSON. - **1750** -- BRIERLY GROOM -- THE OLDEST CONTINUING PRACTICE AT YORK, ENGLAND - **1853-** SMITH GROUP OF DETROIT AND LUCKETT &FURLY OF KENTUCKY ARRE THE OLDEST ACTIVE ARCHITECTURAL FIRMS IN THE US. - **19 TH CENTURY**- CHARLES BULFINCH, IS THE FIRST PERSON BELIEVED TO HAVE WPRKED AS A FULL TIME PROFESSIONAL ARCHIITECT. **THE TEN BOOKS OF ARCHITECTURE (DE ARCHITECTURA) BY VITRUVIUS (C.30 BC-15BC).** - THE OLDEST SURVIVING BOOK ON ARCHITECTURE. - TRANSLATED BY **MRRIS HICKEY MORGAN** - ILLUSTRATED BY **HERBERT LANGFORD WARREN (1960, DOVER PUBLICATIONS)** THE BOOK DESCRIBES THE DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION OF TOWNS, BUILDINGS, CLOCKS, AND MACHINES BUT PROVIDES NO INFORMATION ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION OF ARCHITECTS'S ASSISTANTS AND THE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE. **DE ARCHITECTURA IS DIVIDED INTO TEN PARTS**: 1. TOWN PLANNING, ARCITECTURE OR CIVIL ENGINEERING IN GEN., AND THE QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED OF AN ARCHITECT OR THE CIVIL ENGINEER. 2. BUILDING MATERIALS 3. TEMPLES AND THE ORDERS OF ARCHITECTURE 4. CONNTINUATION OF BOOK III 5. CIVIL BUILDINGS 6. DOMESTIC BUILDINGS 7. PAVEMENTS AND DECORATIVE PASTERWORK 8. WATER SUPPLIES AND AQUEDUCTS 9. SCIENCES INFLUENCING ARCHITECTURE -- GEOMETRY, MEASUREMENT, ASTRONOMY, SUNDIAL. 10. USE AND CONSTRCUTION OF MACHINES -- ROMAN SIEGE ENGINES, WATER MILLS, DRAINAGE MACHINES, ROMAN TECHNLLOGY, HOISTINNG PNEUMATICS. - **EARLY 1930 TO LATE 50'S** -- ARCH'L ASSOCIATION COME AND GO, LPA, PIA, AGPA. - **1950** -- THE ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION WAS GIVEN A SEPARATE STATUTE UNDER RA 545, FOLLOWED BY RA 9266. - **1973** -- PRC WAS CREATED. - 1974 -- UAP BY LAWS WAS APPROVED BY THE 3 ORG. - **1975** -- PRC ISSUED CERT 001 TO UAP AS THE FIRST ACCREDITED PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF ARCHITECTS. - CONSIST OF 1 TO 5 EMPLOYESS. - NO FORMAL ORG. STRUCTURES DEPENDING ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PRINCIPAL AND EMPLOYEES. - EXAMPLE: ONE -- PRINCIPAL ARCH. , ASST. ARCHITECT, DRAFTSMAN/RENDERER, SECRETARY - PRINCIPAL ARCHITECT IS LIKELY THE REGISTERED OWNER OF THE SMALL FIRM. **MEDIUM SIZE FIRM** - 5-50 EMPLOYEES - ORGANIZED DEPARTMENTALLY: - DESIGN & PROPOSALS - PRODUCTION (CAD, SPECS, ESTIMATE) - CONSTRUCTION ADMINISTRATION (PROJ.FINDER) - MANAGEMENT/OFFICE, ADMIN/ACCOUNTING/HUMAN RESOURCE A diagram of a company Description automatically generated **LARGE FIRM SIZE** - ORGANIZED DEPARTMENTALLY: - REGIONALLY, WITH STUDIOS / BRANCHES SPECIALIZING IN PROJECT TYPES, OR - WITH ALLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FIRMS. - CURRENT TREND: HIRING OF ASIAN NATIONALS AS STAFF DUE TO LOWER COST AND EQUAL OR EVEN HIGHER QUALITY OF WORK.  **HEIRARCHY OF AN ARCHITECTURAL FIRM** 1. **OWNER OF THE FIRM/PRINCIPAL ARCHITECT** - OVERSEES THE FIRMS OVERALL OPERATIONS AND DIRECTION. APPROVING DESIGN PROPOSALS HIRIRNG STAFF, LEADING. RESOLVE ISSUES. 2. **CONSTRCUTION MANAGER** - ENSURES CONTRACTORS HAVE THE NECESSARY TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, AND PERMISSIONS. THEY OVERSEE CONSTRCUTION PHASE, BUDGETINNG AND SCHEDULE. 3. **JUNIOR ARCHITECT** - RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TIMELY COMPLETION OF ALL REQUIRED SUBMISSIONS, INCLUDING DESIGN DRAWINGS. THEY MANAGE ALL DOCUMENTATION PACKAGES AND ATTEND MEETINGS AS REQ. BY SENIOR ARCHITECT. - OVERSEE SITE CONSTRCUTION 4. **TECHNICAL STAFF (DRAFTSMAN/CAD/3D RENDER/SPECS WRITER/ESTIMATOR/SITE INSPECTOR)** - GUIDED BY THE CHIEF/ASST. ARCHITECTCREATES DESIGN DRAWINGS, PRESENTATIONS, AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS. - OPERATE CAD/3D EQUIPMENT TASK LIKE PLOTTING, PRINTING, AND PREPARING SPECS. - CONDUCT SITE SUPERVISION AND INSPECTIONS, REPORTING TO THE ASSISTANT ARCHITECT. 5. **INTERN/OJT** - LIST TAKS LIKE PREPARING DRAWINGS, CREATING 3D MODELS, AND PREPARING DOCUMENTS. - ASSISTING WITH CLERICAL WORK, RESEARCH OR MANAGING SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNTS - APPROACH ALL TASK RESPONSIBILITY **LEGAL ORGANIZATION** **BORAD OF ARCHITECTURE** **BOARD RESOLUTION NO. 05, S. OF 2007, OCTOBER 08, 2007** **RULES AND REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTING** **SEC.37, ARTICLE IV OF R.A. NO. 9266 -- THE ARCHITECTURE ACT OF 2004** **SEC. 37, RULE IV OF BOARD RESOLUTION NO. 07, SERIES OF 2004** -- THE IRR OF THE ARCHITECTURE ACT OF 2004 -- PROVIDING FOR REGISTRATION OF FIRMS, COMPANIES, PARTNERSSHIPS, CORPORATIONS OR ASSOCIATION OF REGISTERED AND LICENSED ARCHITECTS. **ARCHITECTURAL FIRM** -- MEANS SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP, A PARTNERSHIP, A CORPORATION IAPOA -- THE EXISTING OFFICIAL NATIONAL ORG. OF ALL ARCHITECTS. **DILG --** DEP. OF INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNEMENT **DTI** -- DEP. OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY **GPPB** -- GOV. PROCUREMENT POLICY BOARD **SEC** -- SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISION **HLURB** -- HOUSING AND LAND USE REGULATORY BOARD **LGU** -- LOCAL GOV. UNIT **ASSOCIATION** -- FORMAL GROUPING OF TWO OR MORE ARCHITECTS OR ARCHITECTURAL FIRMS **SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP** -- FIRM OF AN INDIVIDUAL ARCHITECT - REGISTERED WITH DTI, BOARD OF THE COMMISIONS. - ARCHITECTURAL CORPORATION -- GROUP OF PROFESSIONALS IN ARCHITECTURAL AND ALLIED PROFESSIONALS, WITH 75 % REGISTERED AND LICENSED ARCHITECTS, REGISTERED WITH SEC AND THE BOARD. **ARCHITECTURAL PARTNERSHIP** -- GROUP OF TWO OR MORE ARCHITECTS FULY REGISTRED WITH THE SEC AND THE WITH THE BOARD **ARCHITECTURAL ENTITY** -- JURIDICAL ENTITY THAT MAYBE IN THE FORM OF A REGISTRED ASSOCIATION OR A JOINT VENTURE BETWEEN LOCAL ARCHITECTS/FIRMS OR BETWEEN LOCAL AND FOREIGN ARCHITECTS/ARC. FIRMS AND MAY NOT BE DIRECTLY ENGAGED IN THE PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE. **LAWS AND CODES** **RA 9266 -- THE ARCHITECTURE ACT OF 2004** **SEC. 37. LIMITATION IF THE REGISTRATION IF A FIRM, COMPANY, PARTNERSHIP, CORPORATION OR ASSOCIATION** 1. THE PRACTICE OF ARCH. IS A PROFESSIONAL SERVICE, ADMISSION TO WHICH SHALL BE DETERMINED BASED ON INDIVIDUAL PERSONAL GUALIFICATION 2. ONLY FILIPINO CITIZENS PROPERLY REGISTRED AND LICENSED AS ARCHITECTS UNDER THIS ACT MAY, AMONG THEMSELVES, OR TOGETHER WITH ALLIED TECHNICAL PROFESSIONALS. 3. REGISTRED AND LICENSED ARCHITECTS SHALLL COMPOSE AT LEAST 75% OF THE OWNERS, SHAREHOLDERS, MEMBERS, INCORPORATORS, DIRECTORS,... 4. INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS OF SUCH FIRM, SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE ACT AS AN ENTITYAND AS PROVIDED BY LAW. 5. SUCH FIRM, SHALL BE REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISION AND THE BOARD A. **TYPOLOGY OF FIRM** -- THE FIRST AND MOST BASIC STEP IS TO IDENTIFY THE TYPOLOGY OF YOUR ARCHITECTURAL FIRM. - SPECIFY THE SERVICES - DETERMINE THE SOZE OF THE FIRM DEPENDING ON TH CAPITAL AVAILABLE. B. **GET REGISTERED AS AN ARCHITECT** -- REGISTRATION GRANTS YOU THE LICENSE TO PRACTICE ARCHITECTURE. C. **NETWORKING -- IDENTIFIED ON THE GRID.** - INTEGRAL PART OF STARTING A BUSINESS. - HRLP TO GET MORE CLIENTS AND HELPS TO FIND A SET OF KEEN APPLOCANTS. D. **REGISTRATION IF THE FIRM -- MUST B REGISTERED.** **ORGANIZATIONAL CHOICES** **BUSINESS STRCUTURES IN THE PHILIPPINES** - ALSO CALLED BUSINESS FORM, BUSINESS ENTITY, OR BUSINESS ORGANIZATION. - IT DEFINES THE TYPE OF BUSINESS OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, LIABILITY, AND TAXATION. 1. **SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP** -- SIMPLEST BUSINESS STRCTURE, THE OWNER HAS COMPLETE CONTROL. ADVANTAGES: - SIMPLICITY AND EASE OF SET UP: QUICK REGISTRATION PROCESS AND MINIMAL PAPERWORK. - FULL CONTROL AND FLEXIBILITY: THE OWNER MAKES ALL DECISIONS AND CAN QUICKLY IMPLEMENT CHANGES. - LOWER CAPITAL REQ. AND COSTS: GENERALLY CHEAPER TO SET UO AND MAINTAIN THAN OTHER BUSINESS STRCTURES. DISADVANTAGES: - UNLIMITED PERSONAL LIIABILITY - LIMITED ACCESS TO CAPITAL - BUSINESS CONTINUITY CHALLENGES IDEAL FOR: SMALL BUSINESSES OR SOLO PROPRIETORSHIP 2. PARTNERSHIP- TWO OR MORE INDIVIIDUALS OR ENTITIES COLLABORATE TO OPERATE A BUSINESS FOR PROFIT. ADVANTAGES: - SHARED RESPONSIBILITIES AND RESOURCES - MORE ACCESS TO CAPITAL - DIVERSE EXPERTISE AND PERSPECTIVES DISADVANTAGES: - JOINT LIABILITY - POTENTIAL FOR DISPUTES - SHARED PROFITS IDEAL FOR: PROFESSIONALS OR GROUPS FORM RELATED FIELDS WHOACTIVLEY MANAGE BUSINESS. 3. **CORPORATION** -- EXISTS AS A SEPARATE LEGAL ENTITY FORM ITS OWNERS, WTH ITS OWN RIGHTS, PRIVILAGES ADVANTAGES: - LIMITED LIABILITY - ENHANCED CAPITAL - PREPETUAL SUCCESSION DISADVANTAGES: - COMPLEX AND COSTLY SETUP - REGULATORY AND COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS - COMPLEX TAXATION IDEAL FOR: MEDIUM TO LARGE BUSINESSSES NEEDING SUBSTANTIAL CAPITAL, DESIRING LEGAL LIABILITY, AND AIMING FOR LONG-TERM GROWTH AND STABILITY. 4. **ONE PERSON CORPORATION (OPC)** -- INTRODUCED BY THE REVISED CORPORATION COED (RA 11232), ALLOWING A SINGLE INDIVIDUAL TO CREATE AND OPERATE A CORPORATION. - COMBINES THE BENEFITS IF LIMITED LIABILITY WITH THE SIMPLICITY OF SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP ADVANTAGES: - LIMITED LIABILITY PROTECTION - COMPLETE BUSINESS CONTROL - PERPETUAL EXISTENCE DISADVANTAGES: - LIMITED SCOPE FOR GROWTH - INCREASED REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS - POTENTIAL FOR LIMITED EXPERTISE IDEAL FOR: SOLO ENTREPRENEURS WITH SUFFICIENT CAPITAL WHO WISH TO HAVE THE ADVANTAGES OF LIMITED LIABILITY AND CORPORATE STRCUTURE WHILE MAINTAINIING FULL CONTROL OVER THEIR BUSINIESS. **FIRM MANAGEMENT** -- OPERATE UNDER DIFFERENT MODELS THAT INFLUENCETHEIR MANAGEMENT APPROACHES. INCLUDING: **EFFICIENCY BASED:** - **PRIORITIZED DELIVERING PROJECTS ON TIME AND WITHIN BUDGET, MINIMIZING REVISIONS**. THEY HANDLE STANDARDIZED PROJECTS LIKE HOUSING OR RETAIL BUILDINGS. **EXPERIENCED BASED:** - **FOCUS ON DESIGN QUALITY AND CLIENT SATISFACTION**. THEY EXCEL IN COMPLEX PROJECTS SUCH AS CULTURAL OR INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS, UTILIZING COLLABORATIVE MANAGEMENT METHODS AND CREATIVE SOLUTIONS. **EXPERTISE BASED:** - **SPECIALIZED IN NICHE MARKETS LIKE SUSTAINABILITY OR HEALTHCARE**. THEY TACKLE PROJECTS THAT DEMAND DEEP KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION, EMPLOYING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. **PLANNING AND POSITIONING** **PLANNING** -- PROCESS OF DEFINING ITS STRATEGY AND MAKING DECISIONS ON HOW TO ALLOCATE RESOURCES TO PURSUE THAT STRATEGY. - WHAT DO WE DO? - FOR WHOM DO WE DO IT? - HOW TO DE EXCEL? **POSITIONING** -- SHOWS HOW DESIGN FIRM -- LARGE OR SMMALL, CAN POSITION ITSELF TO GAIN GREATER CONTROL OVER ITS DESTINY AND REACH LOFIER LEVELS OF ACHIEVEMENT. - LEARN ABOUT FIRM TYPES AND MATCH THE RIGHT TYPE TO A FIRM'S GOALS. - DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN A FIRM'S IDENTITY IN THE MARKET PLACE. - DISCOVER HOW ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND MARKETING SUPPORT A CHOSEN FIRM TYPE. **DESIGN EXCELLENCE AND GUALITY PRINCIPLES** **DESIGN EXCELLENCE:** TERMS USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING INSTRUMENTS TO REFER TO THE DESIGN QUALITY OF A BUILDING OR PROJECT AND DESCRIBES AN EXPECTATION THAT A PROJECT WILL ACHIEVE A LEVEL OF DESIGN QUALITY THAT IS BEYOND USUSAL. -THE HIGHEST STANDARD O ARCHITECTURAL, URBAN, AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN. **QUALITY PRINCIPLES:** A GOOD SET OF PRINCIPLES WILL BE FOUNDED ON THE BELIEFS AND VALUES OF THE ORGANIZATION AND EXPRESSED IN LANGUAGE THAT THE BUSINESS UNDERSTANDS AND USES. - THEY PROVIDE A FIRM FOUNDATION FOR MAKING ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING DECISIONS, FRAMING POLICIESM PROCEDURES, AND STANDARDS - A POOR SET OF PRINCIPLES WILL QUICKLY BE DISUSED, AND THE RESULTANT ARCHITECTURES, WILL APPEAR AITRARY OR SELF-SERVING **ISO 9001:1994** (QUALITY SYSTEMS-MODEL FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE IN DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION, INSTALLATION, AND SERVICING) **ISO 9001:1994** -- A COMPANY -LEVEL CERTIFICATION BASED ON A STANDARD PUBLISHED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO) TITLED "QUALITY SYSTEMS-MODEL FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE IN DESIGN, DEVELOMPENT, PRODUCTION, INSTALLATION, AND SERVICING". - A NON-INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC STANDARD THAT GIVES GUIDELINES ON HOW TO IMPLEMENT AND MAINTAIN A QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. **TOP 10 MOST ACTIVE ARCHITECTURAL FIRMS** BCI ASIA AWARDS UNVEILED THIS YEARS TOP 10 MOST ACTIVE ARCHITECTURAL FIRMS. **SEPTEMBER 27, 2024 AT SHANGRI-LA FORT** 1. AIDEA -- BANGKO SENTRAL NG PILIPINAS ( AR. ABELARDO M. TOLENTINO, JR.) 2. JOG + ASSOCIATES -- BRIDGETOWNE BLOCK 7 ( AR. JONATHAN O. GAN) 3. ASYA DESIGN -- OPUS MALL AT BRIDGETOWNE (AR. ALEBERT YU) 4. ARCHIGLOBAL, INC. -- TOPS REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT, BUSAY, CEBU ( AR. MICHAEL P. TORRES) 5. CASAS+ARCHITECTS -- THE SEASONS RESIDENCES AND MIYSUKOSHI MALL (AR. CARMELO CASAS) 6. JSLA ARCHITECTS -- MACTAN EXPO CENTER (AR. JOSE SIAO LING) 7. LPPA DESIGN GROUP -THE RESIDENCES AT TERRAZAS DE PUNTA FUEGO (AR. LEO P. PARINAS) 8. PDP ARCHITECTURE -- ONE TOLENTINO EAST RESIDENCES, TAGAYTAY (AR. CATHY SALDANA) 9. VISION ARCHITECTURE -- THE SPINMAKER (AR. DANIEL TERRENCE YU) 10. WTA ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN STUDIO - THE EMYREAN (AR. WILLIAM TI, JR.) - **BCI ASIA AWARDS ESTABLISHED IN 2005** - RECOGNIZED THE TOP ARCHITECTS AND DEVELOPERS IN HONGKONG, INDONESIA, THAILAND, MALAYSIA, THE PHILIPPINES, SINGAPORE, AND VIETNAM.