Research Methods: Types of Sampling PDF

ENGAGE Research M EXPLORE ethods Types of Sa mpling EXPL AIN Communication...

ENGAGE Research M EXPLORE ethods Types of Sa mpling EXPL AIN Communication APPLY Studies Population V S Sample S HA R E REFLECT EXTEND  ENGAGE Conducting Research (Sample vs Population VS Sample Population) When you conduct research about a EXPLORE group of people, it’s rarely possible to collect data from every person in that group. Instead, you select a sample. The EXPLAIN sample is the group of individuals who will actually participate in the research. To draw valid conclusions from your APPLY results, you have to carefully decide how you will select a sample that is representative of the group as a whole. SHARE There are two types of sampling methods: Probability sampling involves random REFLECT selection, allowing you to make strong statistical inferences about the whole group. Non-probability sampling involves EXTEND non-random selection based on convenience or other criteria, allowing ENGAGE The population is the entire group that you Population Sample want to draw conclusions about. The sample is the specific group of individuals EXPLORE Advertisements for IT jobs The top 50 search results for advertisements for that you will collect data from. in the Netherlands IT jobs in the Netherlands on May 1, 2020 The population can be defined in terms of geographical location, age, income, and many EXPLAIN other characteristics. Songs from the Winning songs from the Eurovision Song Contest Eurovision Song Contest that were performed in English It is important to carefully define your target population according to the purpose and APPLY practicalities of your project. Undergraduate students 300 undergraduate students from three Dutch in the Netherlands universities who volunteer for your psychology research study SHARE All countries of the world Countries with published data available on birth rates and GDP since 2000 REFLECT EXTEND ENGAGE Probability Sampling Probability Sampling EXPLORE Probability sampling means that every member of the population has a chance of being selected. It is mainly used in EXPLAIN quantitative research. 1. Simple random sampling In a simple random sample, every APPLY member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Your sampling frame should include the whole SHARE population. 2. Systematic sampling Systematic sampling is similar to simple REFLECT random sampling, but it is usually slightly easier to conduct. Every member of the population is listed with EXTEND a number, but instead of randomly generating numbers, individuals are ENGAGE Non Probability Sampling 3. Stratified sampling Stratified sampling involves EXPLORE dividing the population into subpopulations that may differ in important ways. It allows you draw EXPLAIN more precise conclusions by ensuring that every subgroup is properly represented in the sample. APPLY 4. Cluster sampling Cluster sampling also involves SHARE dividing the population into subgroups, but each subgroup REFLECT should have similar characteristics to the whole sample. Instead of sampling individuals from each EXTEND subgroup, you randomly select entire subgroups. ENGAGE Non Probability Sampling 3. Purposive sampling 1. Convenience sampling This type of sampling, also EXPLORE A convenience sample simply includes the known as judgement individuals who happen to be most accessible sampling, involves the to the researcher. researcher using their EXPLAIN This is an easy and inexpensive way to gather initial data, but there is no way to tell if the expertise to select a sample sample is representative of the population, so it can’t produce generalizable results. that is most useful to the APPLY purposes of the research. 2. Voluntary response sampling Similar to a convenience sample, a voluntary SHARE response sample is mainly based on ease of 4. Snowball sampling access. Instead of the researcher choosing If the population is hard to access, participants and directly contacting them, snowball sampling can be used to REFLECT people volunteer themselves (e.g. by responding to a public online survey). recruit participants via other Voluntary response samples are always at participants. The number of least somewhat biased, as some people will people you have access to EXTEND inherently be more likely to volunteer than “snowballs” as you get in contact others.