Political Parties With PYQ PDF

www.padhle.in @padhle.in Political Parties CH 6 Civics | Class 10 Hand Written Notes www.padhle.in @padhle.in adhle.in Thank you for using www.padhle....

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Padhle!  POLITICAL's PARTIES * What is a Political Party ? 4 A political party is a group of people who come together to contest election and hold power in the government. 4 It is most visible institution in the Democracy. * Components of Political Parties : The Leaders The active members Followers ( Ein ) feet Inmates quiet ) # ( IT mist ) * Functions of Political Parties : Contest elections. Play decessive robe in making laws. Provides access to government schemes and policies. Put forward different policies and programmes. Panties shape public opinion. Panties from and run the government. Loosing panty plays the role of opposition. * Necessities of Political Parties : * We can understand the necessity of political parties by imagining a situation without panties. * Every candidate in the elections will be independent.  & Accountability would be limited to Constituent Assembly. & No uniform decision. & No one would be responsible to look after country. * Representative Democracies Different £ § ↳ Large society representation and thus need views of Responsible government represented through society can be can be formed political parties.. represented by single agency.. * How many parties should we Have ? One party system Two party System Multi party system * One party System : Only one party is allowed to control and run the government. It is not a democratic option. Eg. China * Two Party System : Chances of between parties winning is 2 main. The United States of America and United the Kingdom are examples of two - party system.  * Multi Party System : More than 2 parties compete for power. Coalition government is observed. * So which of these as better ? → Party system is not something any country can choose. evolves - It over a long time , depending on the nature of society , its social and regional divisions , its history of politics and its history of politics and its system elections of. * National Parties : → Every party needs to be registered with E. C. → While the Commission treats all parties equally , it offers some special facilitates to large and established parties. These parties symbol are given a unique →. called recognised ' → These parties are , political parties ! * Criteria for recognised parties : 9. 69. votes in Lok Sabha elections. OR = → 6% votes in assembly elections in 4 States. 2. Wins atleast 4 seats in Lok Sabha. * There are 7 National Parties in India. 9) Bhartiya Janta Party CBJB : B. Formed in 9999 following a split in the Congress party. Promotes democracy , Gandhian secularism. Part of UPA since 2004. Ed Indian National Congress (INC) : One of the oldest party. Formed in 9885. * Played a dominant robe in Indian politics at the national and state level for several decades after India 's Independence. Ruling party at the centre till 9977 and then from 9980 - 9989. Largest party in 2004 lok Sabha elections. ③ Communist Party of India ( CPI) : B. Founded in 992.5 Believes in Marximal Leninism , secularism and democracy. Enjoys strong support in West Bengal , Kerala and Tripura. 4) Communist Party of India - Marxist ( CPI M) - : Formed in 9964. Believes in Marxism-Leninism , secularism and democracy , supports secularism. Has been in power in West Bengal without a break for 30 days. Opposes imperialism and communalism. Enjoys strong support in West Bengal , Kerala and Tripura. 5) Bhartiya Janta Party ( BJP) : Founded in 9980 by reviving the erstwhile Bhartiya Jana Sangh. Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from India 's ancient culture and values. It support base increased substantially in the 9990. Came to power in 9998 as the leader of the NDA. Emerged as largest party in 2094. b) Bahujan Samaj Party (Bsp) : Formed in 9984 under the leadership of Kanchi Ram. Seeks to represent and secure power for the bahujan Samaj which includes the dalits , adivasis , OBCS. * Main base in UP. 7) All India Trinamool Congress ( AITC) : Launched in January 9988 under leadership of Mamta Banerjee. Recognised as national party in 2096. Has been in power in Bengal since 2099. 4th largest party in Lok Sabha. * State Parties : Parties ' ' → Also known as Regional. → Regional parties play very important role in national politics. → No one national party is able to secure on its own a majority in Lok Sabha. - As a result , the national parties are compelled to form alliances with State parties. Eg. → Samajwadi Party , Rashtriya Tanta Dal , etc. * Challenges to Political parties : " Lack of internal democracy within parties. 4 Challenges of Dynastic succession. 4 Money and muscle powers are used during elections. 4 Parties doesn't offer meaningful choices. * How can political parties be formed ? * Efforts made for reformation : 4 The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties. is The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of and criminals money. 4 The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary foe political parties to hold their organizational elections and file their income tax returns. * Suggestions that should be implemented : 4 A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties. 4 It should be made mandatory political to for parties reserve minimum number of seats to woman candidates.  1 Mark Questions 1. Why did India adopt multi-party system? Give reasons. [1M, 2016] A1. India adopted multi-party system because: India is a large country and has social and geographical diversities. It is easy to absorb different diversities in a multi-party system. 2. Name any one political party that has national level political organisation but not recognised as a national political party. [1M, 2016] A2. State parties like the Samajwadi Party, Samata Party and. Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level political. organisations with units in several states but are not. recognised as national parties. 3. What is meant by a political party ? [1M, 2015] A3. Political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and to hold power in the government. They agree on some policies to promote collective good. They seek to implement those policies by winning popular support through elections. Thus political parties tend to fill political offices and exercise political power. 4. Name any two regional parties of West Bengal. [1M, 2015] A4. I) Forward BLOCK (1940), II) TRINAMOOL CONGRESS (1997). 5. What is the guiding philosophy of Bhartiya Janata Party? [1M, 2015]  A5. The source of inspiration of Bharatiya Janata Party is the. ancient Indian culture and values. Cultural nationalism. (Hindutva) is an important element in its conception of Indian. nationhood and politics. 6. Which special privilege is given to recognised political parties by the Election Commission? [1M, 2014] A6. RPP are given a special election symbol. Only official. candidates of that party can use the election symbol. 7. Name the national political party which draws inspiration from the teachings of Sahu Maharaj, Mahatma Phule, Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar. [1M, 2014] A7. Bahujan Samaj Party.  8. What does Universal Adult Suffrage stand for? [1M, 2013] A8. Universal Adult suffrage stands for the ‘Right to Vote’ 9. Given one point of difference between a pressure group and a political party. [1M, 2013] A9. A pressure group is an organized or unorganized body that. seeks to promote its interests while a political party is a body. that seeks to attain political power by contesting elections. 10. How many parties are needed in any democratic system to compete in elections and provide a fair chance for the competing parties to come to power? [1M, 2012] A10. At least two parties.  3 Mark Questions 11. Describe the role of Political Parties in India. [3M, 2020] A11. Role of Political Parties i. Parties contest election ii. Parties put forward different policies and programmes iii. Parties form and run the govt. 12. How are political parties recognized as regional and national parties in India? Explain with examples. [3M, 2019] A12. Democracies that follow a federal system all over the world tend to have two kinds of political parties : parties that are present in only one of the federal units and parties that are present in several or all units of the national level. Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission. Parties that get a unique symbol and some other special facilities are ‘recognized’ by the Election  Commission for this purpose. That is why these parties are called, ‘recognized political parties’. A party that secures at least six percent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognized as a ‘State Party.’ A party that secures at least six percent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four states and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognized as a ‘National party.’ 13. Analyse the three components of a political party. [3M, 2016] A13. The three components of a political party are as follows: The leaders :- A political party consists of leaders, who contest elections and if they win the elections, they perform the administrative jobs. The active members :- They are the ones who work actively for the party. They are the assistants of the leaders and implement the plans and ideologies of the political party. The followers :- They are the ardent followers of the parties and their leaders and support them in the elections. 14. “Nearly every one of the state parties wants to get an opportunity to be a part of one or the other national level coalition.” Support the statement with arguments. [3M, 2016] A14. The state parties also referred to as regional parties are not necessarily regional in ideology. Some of these parties are all India parties that happen to have succeeded only in some states. Over the last three decades, the number and strength of these parties has expanded. Before the general elections one national party was able to secure on its own a majority in the Lok Sabha. As a result, the national parties were compelled to form alliances with state parties. Since 1996, nearly every one of the state parties got an opportunity to be a part of one or the other national level coalition government. This contributed to the strengthening of federalism and democracy. Example of state parties having national level political organisation with units in several states are Samajwadi Party (SP), Rashtriya Janata Dal, Samata Party. 15. What is meant by regional political party? State the conditions required to be recognised as a ‘regional political party’. [3M, 2016] A15.  A regional party is a party that is present in only some states. Regional parties or State parties need not be regional in their ideology. They have state identity as they are present only in some states. Some of these parties are all India parties that happen to have succeeded only in states. Example, Samajwadi Party, Rashtriya Janta Dal. Conditions required for a party to be recognized as a regional political party: A party that secures atleast six percent of the total votes in an election to the legislative assembly of a state. Wins atleast two seats in the legislative assembly. 16. What is meant by a ‘national political party’? State the conditions required to be a national political party. [3M, 2016] A16. National political parties have their units in various states. By. and large all these units follow the same policies,. programmes and strategy that is decided at the national level. Conditions required to be a national political party: A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in general elections of Lok Sabha or assembly elections in four states. A party that wins at least 4 seats in the Lok Sabha. 17. “Dynastic succession is one of the most serious challenges before the political parties.” Analyse the statement [3M, 2015] A17. Most political parties do not practise open and transparent procedures for their functioning. So there are very few ways for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party. Those who happen to be the leaders are in a position of unfair advantage as they favour people close to them or even their family members. In many parties in India, we see a trend of dynastic succession. The top positions are always controlled by members of a particular family, which is unfair to other members of the party, and bad for democracy. This is so because people who do not have adequate experience or popular support come to occupy positions of power. More than loyalty to party principles and policies, personal loyalty to the leader becomes more important. This tendency is seen all over the world, even in older democracies. 18. “Lack of internal democracy within parties is the major challenge to political parties all over the world”. Analyse the statement. [3M, 2015] A18. 1. Most political parties do not practise open and transparent procedures for their functioning like maintaining membership registers, holding organisational meetings or conducting internal elections regularly. Thus, ordinary members of the party do not get sufficient information on the happenings in the party and have no means to influence the decisions. 2. Also, there are very few chances for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party. Since one or, at the most, a few leaders exercise paramount power in the party, those who disagree with the leadership, find it difficult to continue in the party. 3. Those who happen to be the leaders are in a position to take undue advantage and favour people close to them or even their family members. And, in many parties, the top positions are invariably controlled by members of one family which is bad for democracy. 19. What is a multi-party system? Why has India adopted a multi- party system? Explain. [3M, 2015] A19. Multi-party system :- In this system, the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition. When several parties in a multi-party system join hands for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power, it is called an alliance or a front.  For example, in India there were three major alliances in 2004 parliamentary elections—the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) and the Left Front. This system on one hand leads to political instability but at the same time, allows for a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation. Each country develops a party system that is suitable for its special circumstances. India has evolved as a multi-party system because its social and geographical diversity cannot be absorbed by two or three parties. Thus, such representation strengthens democracy. Multi-party system facilitates representation of regional and geographical diversities. In India, several regional parties are in power at the State level such as the DMK in Tamil Nadu, Akali Dal in Punjab the BSP in Uttar Pradesh. 20. Describe the three components of a political party. [3M, 2014] A20. Components of a political party are: 1. The leaders, 2. active members and 3. the followers. o The leaders are recruited and trained by parties. They are made ministers to run the government. The  big policy decisions are taken by the political executives that come from the political parties. o Parties have lakhs of members and activists spread over the country. Many of the pressure groups are the extensions of political parties among different sections of society. But since most of the members belong to a party, they go by the direction of the party leadership, irrespective of their personal opinion. o The followers are the ordinary citizens, who believe in the policies of their respective party and give popular support through elections. Often the opinion of the followers crystallise on the lines parties take. 5 Mark Questions 21. Suggest and explain any five ways to reform Political Parties. in India [5M, 2021 Sample Paper] A21. (i) A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties. (ii) It should be made compulsory for political parties to maintain a register of its members.  (iii) It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a minimum number of tickets; about 1/3rd to its women candidates. (iv) There should be a quota for women in the decision-making bodies of the party. (v) There should be state funding of elections. (vi) Vote casting should be made compulsory in each election. 22. Illustrate the situations which display lack of internal democracy within a political party. [5M, 2019] A22. i. Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold organisational meetings, and do not conduct internal elections regularly. ii. Ordinary members of the party do not get sufficient information on what happens inside the party. iii. They do not have the means or the connections needed to influence the decisions. As a result the leaders assume greater power to make decisions in the name of the party. iv. Since one or few leaders exercise paramount power in the party, those who disagree with the leadership find it difficult to continue in the party.  v. More than loyalty to party principles and policies, personal loyalty to the leader becomes 5 more important. 23. Exhibit the role of money and muscle power among political parties during elections [5M, 2019] A23. i. Since parties are focussed only on winning elections, they tend to use shortcuts to win elections. ii. They tend to nominate those candidates who have or can raise lots of money. iii. Rich people and companies who give funds to the parties tend to have influence on the policies and decisions of the party. iv. In some cases, parties support criminals who can win elections. v. Democrats all over the world are worried about the increasing role of rich people and big companies in democratic politics. 24. What is a political party? Explain any four characteristics of a political party [5M, 2019] A24. Political party is an organised group of people having a. common ideology and its aim is to contest elections and. come to power. Four characteristics/features of political parties are given below: Political parties seek control over the government through the process of election. Parties run the government. They ensure that a country is governed as per set ideologies. Parties frame their own policies in the form of manifestos which includes their vision on the basis of which they would establish governance in the country. Political parties make laws and policies for the country. Members of the legislature belong to various political parties and are guided by party ideologies. Parties give representation to diverse interest in society and give recognition to minorities. A politcal party has a leader, active members and followers who support the party. (Any four) 25. Describe any five major functions of political parties performed in a democracy. [5M, 2018] A25. Functions of Political Parties: Candidates are put forward by political parties to contest elections. These candidates may be chosen by the top leaders or by members of the party. In some countries like the USA, members and supporters of a party choose its candidate. Parties put forward their policies and programs for voters to choose from them. A government is expected to base its policies on the line taken by the ruling party (Political party then runs government). Political parties play a major role in making laws for the country. No law can become a bill unless majority parties support it. Political parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes. It is easy for the public to approach their local party leader than a government officer. The local party leader has to listen to the public demand, otherwise, people can reject them in the next elections. Parties shape public opinion. They raise and highlight issues. Parties sometimes also launch movements for the resolution of the problem faced by the people. 26. Describe any five efforts made to reform political parties in. India.  [5M, 2017] A26. Efforts have been made and further efforts should be made. for the reforms of political parties in India by parties. themselves, or law of government or by the election. commissioner. The constitution was amended to prevent MLAs and MPs from changing parties to stop defection. The supreme court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals for active participation in fighting MLA/MP elections. It is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an affidavit giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him. The election commissioner paved an order making it necessary for political parties to hold their organizational elections and file their income tax returns. Recently cash donations to political parties have been reduced to ₹ 2000. All cheque payments/transfer of money have to be shown in every party’s balance sheets. The new system has made a lot of information available to the public regarding electing parties in India. 27. Describe any five efforts made to reform political parties in. India. [5M, 2017] A27. Five efforts made to reform the political parties: 1. Law to regulate the internal affairs of political parties like maintaining a register of its members, to follow its own constitution, to have independent authority, to act as judge in case of party dispute, to hold open elections to the highest post. 2. It should be mandatory for political parties to give one- third tickets to women candidates. Also there should be quota for women on the decision-making bodies of the party. 3. There should be state funding of elections. The government should give money to parties to support their election expenses in kind (petrol, paper, telephone, etc.) or in cash on the basis of votes secured by the party in the previous election. 4. The candidate should be educated, so that he can solve and understand people’s problems. His previous record should be cleared. He should be honest and there should be no criminal case against him. 5. Citizens can reform politics if they take part directly and join political parties. People can put pressure on political parties through petitions, publicity in media, agitations etc. 28. Identify and explain challenges which political parties need to face and over come in order to remain affective instruments of democracy.  [5M, 2016] A28. Since parties are the most visible face in a democracy,. people blame them for whatever is wrong with the working of. democracy. There are four major areas where the working of political parties faces challenge: (i) Lack of internal democracy :-There is concentration of power in one or a few leaders at the top. Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold organisational meetings and do not conduct internal elections regularly. More than loyalty to party principles and policies, it is personal loyalty which becomes more important. The leaders assume greater power to make decisions in the name of the party. Since one or few leaders exercise paramount power in the party, those who disagree with leadership find it difficult to continue in the party. (ii) Dynastic succession :- In many parties, top positions are always held by members of one family. Most political parties do not practice transparent and open procedures for their functioning and it is very difficult for an ordinary worker to rise to the top. This is bad for democracy, since people who do not have adequate experience or popular support come to occupy positions of power. (iii) Money and muscle power :- Since parties are focussed only on winning elections, they tend to use short-cuts to win elections. They nominate candidates who have or can raise money and thus are able to have influence on the policies and decisions of the party. (iv) No meaningful choice :- There has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties. They agree more on fundamental aspects, but differ only in details, on how  policies are to be framed and implemented. Sometimes people cannot even elect different leaders as the same set of leaders keep shifting from one party to another. 29. “About hundred years ago there were few countries that had hardly any political party. Now there are few countries that do not have political parties.” Examine this statement. [5M, 2014] A29. We can understand the necessity of political parties by imagining a situation without parties. Every candidate in the election will be independent. Therefore, no major policy changes will be made. Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency but no one will be responsible for the smooth running of the country. As societies become large and complex, they need an agency to gather views on various issues and to present them to the government. There is a need to bring various representatives together so that a responsible government can be formed. A mechanism is needed to support or restrain the government to make policies, justify or oppose them. Political parties fulfil the needs of a representative government and are thus a necessary condition for a democracy. 30. Examine the role of opposition parties in a Democracy. [5M, 2014] A30. Opposition parties play an important role in democracies.. They play both positive and negative role. Positive role, 1. They ensures political party in power does not misuse or abuse its power; 2. They expose the weaknesses of the ruling party; 3. They also keep a close vigil on the bills and expenditure of the government. Negative role. They target the government and aim at dislodging and discrediting the government for all the ills and the troubles the people face; Through stalling the proceedings of the parliament, dhamas and gheraos, it curtails the progress of the country. The opposition’s work is not to abstract the functioning of the administration but keep a close watch on the working of the party in power so that democracy becomes meaningful.