Pointers In Midterm Nutrition PDF

POINTERS IN MIDTERM NUTRITION ❖ Turmeric-herb has potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects due to its active component, curcumin ❖ Ginger- herbal supplement is known to have anti-nausea properties and is often used for motion sickness ❖ Lavender-herb is known for its calmin...

POINTERS IN MIDTERM NUTRITION ❖ Turmeric-herb has potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects due to its active component, curcumin ❖ Ginger- herbal supplement is known to have anti-nausea properties and is often used for motion sickness ❖ Lavender-herb is known for its calming effect and is often used in teas for stress relief ❖ Horse chestnut-is a popular herb known for improving circulation and reducing symptoms of varicose veins ❖ Sage-herb has been shown to have potential antibacterial properties and is often used in cooking ❖ Black cohosh-herbal remedy is known to help alleviate menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes ❖ Cinnamon-herb is known for its ability to reduce blood sugar levels in diabetes management ❖ Cranberry-herbal remedy is thought to help with urinary tract infections ❖ Chamomile is often consumed as a tea to help Sleep and relaxation ❖ Aloe vera-herb is commonly applied topically to treat burns and skin irritation ❖ Ginseng-herbs is traditionally used for its adaptogenic properties, helping the body cope with stress ❖ Peppermint-herb is often used to relieve symptoms of nausea and digestive upset ❖ Milk Thistle-herbal supplement is known to support liver function ❖ St. John’s Wort is commonly used to treat which condition Depression ❖ Turmeric-herb is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and is often used for joint pain ❖ Ginkgo biloba-herb is commonly used to improve memory and cognitive function ❖ Echinacea-herbal supplement is known for its potential to boost the immune system ❖ Vitamin B12-is known as cobalamin ❖ Vitamin K plays a role in the formation of red and white blood cells ❖ Vitamin C-helps with iron absorption in the body ❖ (Folic acid)-is needed for the synthesis of DNA ❖ Vitamin B6- known as pyridoxine ❖ Iron is a crucial component of which protein that carries oxygen in the blood Hemoglobin ❖ Iodine-is essential for thyroid function ❖ Vitamin B-complex- is vital for converting food into energy ❖ Vitamin E-is most associated with skin health and cell protection from free radicals ❖ Vitamin A deficiency can cause dry, rough skin and poor wound healing ❖ Vitamin C-is critical for the immune system and wound healing|..is found in high quantities in citrus fruits  POINTERS IN MIDTERM NUTRITION ❖ Vitamin B2-deficiency leads to cracks at the corners of the mouth (cheilitis) ❖ Vitamin D-is commonly added to dairy products to fortify them ❖ Vitamin d-is necessary for bone health and immune function ❖ Vitamin B3 known as niacin ❖ Vitamin A--helps in the maintenance of healthy skin and vision ❖ Calcium-is essential for the formation of bones and teeth ❖ Iron--is a trace mineral ❖ Potassium--helps in the regulation of fluid balance in the body….. is found in high amounts in bananas and helps prevent muscle cramps ❖ Zinc--is a component of the hormone insulin ❖ Zinc--- is important for enzyme function and protein synthesis ❖ Zinc deficiency is linked to delayed growth and sexual development in children ❖ A deficiency of iodine can cause Goiter ❖ Vitamin D-- is fat-soluble ❖ Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption in the body ❖ Vitamin D Deficiency of which vitamin causes rickets in children ❖ Vitamin K-- is involved in blood clotting ❖ Zinc mineral helps with wound healing and immune function ❖ Sodium-is the primary mineral in table salt ❖ Folic Acid-is needed in higher amounts during pregnancy to prevent birth defects ❖ Sodium-is critical for nerve transmission and muscle contraction ❖ Copper is necessary for the formation of which component of blood Hemoglobin ❖ Calcium-is found in the highest concentration in the human body ❖ Potassium--A deficiency in which mineral can lead to muscle weakness and irregular heartbeat ❖ Magnesium--works with calcium to strengthen bones ❖ Chromium---is important for carbohydrate metabolism ❖ Chromium---helps in regulating blood sugar levels ❖ Iron-deficiency in which mineral can lead to fatigue and brittle nails ❖ Potassium---mineral supports heart health and may help prevent heart disease ❖ Iodine minerals is found in the thyroid gland ❖ Sodium--mineral is important for maintaining acid-base balance in the body. ❖ Vitamin D-is also called the "sunshine vitamin" ❖ Vitamin C- is essential for the synthesis of collagen ❖ Vitamin E--known as tocopherol ❖ Pellagra is caused due to a deficiency of Vitamin B3 Vitamins: Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K):  POINTERS IN MIDTERM NUTRITION o Vitamin A: Important for vision, skin health, and immune function. Found in carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach. o Vitamin D: Essential for calcium absorption, bone health, and immune function. Produced by the body when exposed to sunlight. o Vitamin E: Acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage. Found in nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables. o Vitamin K: Helps in blood clotting and maintaining bone health. Found in leafy greens like kale and spinach. Water-soluble vitamins (B-complex and C): o Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid): Essential for collagen production, antioxidant activity, and iron absorption. Found in citrus fruits, berries, and peppers. o Vitamin B-complex: Includes several vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) that aid in energy production, metabolism, and red blood cell formation. ▪ Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Crucial for energy metabolism and nerve function. ▪ Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): Helps convert food into energy and supports skin and eye health. ▪ Vitamin B3 (Niacin): Supports digestion, skin health, and nerve function. ▪ Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Important for amino acid metabolism and brain function. ▪ Vitamin B9 (Folic acid): Crucial for DNA synthesis and cell growth, especially important during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects. ▪ Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin): Essential for red blood cell formation and nervous system health. Found primarily in animal products. Antioxidants: Vitamins like C and E protect the body from free radical damage, reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Minerals: Macrominerals (needed in larger amounts):  POINTERS IN MIDTERM NUTRITION o Calcium: Key for bone and teeth health, muscle function, and nerve transmission. Found in dairy, leafy greens, and fortified foods. o Magnesium: Important for muscle relaxation, nerve function, and over 300 enzymatic reactions. Found in nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables. o Potassium: Helps regulate fluid balance, muscle contractions, and nerve signals. Found in bananas, potatoes, and beans. o Phosphorus: Works with calcium for bone and teeth health, and involved in energy production. Found in meats, dairy, and nuts. o Sodium: Regulates fluid balance and blood pressure, but excess can lead to high blood pressure. Found in table salt and processed foods. Trace minerals (needed in smaller amounts): o Iron: Vital for oxygen transport in the blood (hemoglobin). Found in red meat, beans, and fortified cereals. Deficiency can lead to anemia. o Zinc: Supports immune function, wound healing, and protein synthesis. Found in meat, shellfish, and legumes. o Iodine: Crucial for thyroid function and hormone production. Found in iodized salt and seafood. o Selenium: Acts as an antioxidant and supports thyroid health. Found in Brazil nuts and seafood. o Copper: Helps form hemoglobin and supports immune function. Found in nuts, seeds, and liver. Electrolytes: Minerals like sodium, potassium, and magnesium are critical for maintaining fluid balance, muscle contractions, and nerve impulses. Key Roles of Vitamins and Minerals: Bone health: Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, vitamin K. Immune function: Zinc, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin D.  POINTERS IN MIDTERM NUTRITION Blood health: Iron, folic acid (B9), vitamin B12. Antioxidant protection: Vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium. Nerve function: Sodium, potassium, calcium, vitamin B12. Deficiency Risks: Vitamin D deficiency: Leads to rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults. Iron deficiency: Can cause anemia, leading to fatigue and weakness. Iodine deficiency: Can result in goiter and thyroid dysfunction. Calcium deficiency: Increases risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures.