Poetry Types PDF

POETRY Poetry is from the Greek word poises (making) is a form of literary art that uses aesthetic and rhythmic or iambic qualities of language to evoke emotions Poetic devices 1. Assonance 2. alliteration 3. euphony 4.cacophony 1. assonance-a poetic device that involves repeating similar or ident...

POETRY Poetry is from the Greek word poises (making) is a form of literary art that uses aesthetic and rhythmic or iambic qualities of language to evoke emotions Poetic devices 1. Assonance 2. alliteration 3. euphony 4.cacophony 1. assonance-a poetic device that involves repeating similar or identical vowel sounds in words that are close together in a sentence or verse Example: “ His tender heir might bear his memory” ( William Sharespeare, “ sonnet 1” 2. Alliteration- the use of initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables are repeated examples: The sly snakes slithers slowly in the sand Peter piper picked a pack of pickled peppers 3. euphony is the quality of being pleasing to the ear especially through a harmonious combination of words Example: the poem “The Raven” “Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary, Over a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore... “ 4. Cacophony is a literary device that uses a combination of harsh or unpleasant sounds to create a jarring effect in poetry. It is often used to emphasize disorder, violence or harshness Examples: In the poem “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe he uses the “G” sound in “What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore.” In William Shakespeare’s “Macbeth” the three witches’ chant of “Double, double toil and trouble” The Three Main Types of poetry 1. Narrative poetry-a type of poetry that tells a story using poetic devices 2. Dramatic poetry- a type of poetry that is written in verse and is meant to be acted out or recited in public 3. Lyric poetry – a type of poetry that expresses a speaker’s emotions and thoughts, often in the first person pov Types of poems: 1. Haiku-a three line, non rhyming poem with a specific number of syllables used in each line 2. Elegy- a poem or song that expresses grief, sadness, sorrow or laments the loss of something, often a person who has died 3. Free Verse- a poem that doesn’t follow a set of meter, rhyme scheme, or form. Free verse poems follow the rhythm of natural speech and use language, sound, and literary devices to convey ideas and feelings 3. Free Verse- a poem that doesn’t follow a set of meter, rhyme scheme, or form. Free verse poems follow the rhythm of natural speech and use language, sound, and literary devices to convey ideas and feelings 4. Limerick- a short humorous poem with a specific structure and rhyme scheme structure- has five lines and 1 stanza Rhyme scheme-AABBA 5. Acrostic- a poem where the first, last or other letters in each line spell out a word or phrase. The word or phrase often represents the poems main theme Example: 6. Ode- a lyric poem in which a person/poet expresses a strong feeling of love and or respect for someone or something. It has a varying length of line, and complexity of stanza Example: 7.Sonnet- a formal poem with a fixed structure that’s typically 14 lines long and written in iambic pentameter. Each Shakespearean sonnet line with 10 syllables andfollows follow a aset rhyme rhyme scheme scheme ABAB, CDCD,EFEF,GG Petrarchan Sonnet: ABBA,ABBA,CDECDE or ABBA,ABBA,CDCDCD. Example: Sonnet 18 (William Shakespeare) Shall I compare thee to the summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date; Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines And often in his gold complexion dim’d; And every fair from sometime declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see So long lives, and this gives life to thee. 8. Ballad- a poem that tells a story and is suitable for singing, with a musical quality and a narrative structure often about adventure, romance or a hero. This usually has stanzas of four lines with a Example of a Ballad Annabel Lee (Edgar Allan Poe) The angels, not half so happy in It was many and many years ago, Heaven, In a kingdom by the sea, Went envying her and me- That a maiden there lived whom you Yes!- that was the reason (as all men may know know By the name of Annabel Lee; In this kingdom by the sea) And this maiden she lived with no other That the wind came out of the cloud by thought night, Than to love and be loved by me. Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. I was a child and she was a child, For the moon never beams, without In this kingdom by the sea, bringing me dreams But we loved with a love that was more Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; than love- And the stars never rise, but I feel the I and my Annabel Lee- bright eyes With a love that a winged seraphs of Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; Heaven And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by coveted her and me. the side Oh my darling- my darling- my life And this was the reason that, long ago and my bride, In this kingdom by the sea, In her sepulchre there by the sea- A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling In her tomb by the sounding sea. My beautiful Annabel Lee; So that her highborn kinsmen came And bore her away from me, 9.Epic-a long, narrative poem that is usually about heroic deeds and events that are significant to the culture of the poet Examples: Lam-ang The Ulalim Labaw Donggon 10. Villanelle – a fixed form poem consisting of five tercets and a quatrain and also follows a specific rhyme scheme using only two different sounds (Tercet is a stanza with only three lines, quatrain is a stanza with four lines) 11. Concrete- a poem that is organized on the page to visually represent the content. This means that the shape or arrangement of the words and lines of the poem visually reflects or mirrors the subject or meaning of the poem. 12. Cinquain- a type of poem classified by the number of syllables each line in the poem has. It doesn’t need to rhyme but rhyme could also be done if the poet prefers. The poem typically consists of five lines, using the structure : Line 1 -2 syllables second line – 4 syllables third line- 6 syllables fourth line- 8 syllables last line- 2 syllables 13. Sestina- a poem comprised of six stanzas containing six lines in each stanza. These six-by-six stanzas are followed by a shorter 3-line final stanza. Sestina has a total of 39 lines 14. Dramatic poetry- a type of poetry that is written in verse and is meant to be acted out or recited in public. It uses a meter pattern which is rhythmic pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Dramatic poetry is characterized by its use of dramatic action, dialogue, monologues and soliloquies to convey a story or message 15. Pastoral- a genre of poetry that explores the relationship between humans and nature, often romanticizes the ideals of a simple country life The passionate shepherd to his love Fair lined slippers for the cold, ( Christopher Marlowe) With buckles of the purest gold; Come live with me and be my love, A belt of straw and Ivy buds, And we will all the pleasures prove, With Coral clasps and Amber studs; That valleys, groves, hills and fields, And if these pleasures may thee move, Woods or steepy mountain yields. Come be with me, and be my love. And we will sit upon the Rocks, The shepherds’ Swains shall dance and sing Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks, For thy delight each May-morning; By shadow rivers to whose falls, If these delights thy mind may move, Melodious birds sing Madrigals. Then live with me and be my love. And I will make thee beds of Roses And a thousand fragrant posies, A cap of flowers, and a kirtle Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle; 16. Couplet- a unit of two lines of poetry, especially lines that use the same or similar meter, form a rhyme, or are separated from other lines by a double line break 17. Epigram- a short satirical(uses irony, humor or exaggeration to critize ) and witty poem, usually written in couplet (2 lines) or quatrain (4 lines). It is a brief and forceful remark with a funny ending. 18. Pantoum- a poem of any length, composed of four-line stanzas in which the second and fourth lines of each stanza serve as the first and third lines of the next stanza and the last line is often the same as the first. 19. Prose- a poem written as prose, without the line breaks associated with poetry. However it makes use of poetic devices such as fragmentation, compression, repetition, rhyme, metaphor, and figures of speech. 20. Blackout Poem- a distinct and enthralling art form that turns everyday phrases into imaginative and emotive artistic creations. Arists create new poetry by erasing passages from pre-existing sources, such as books, newspapers, or even historical documents 21. Canzone- a 16th century-17th century Italian verse form that is made up of somewhere between one and seven stanzas, each of which is of a similar length. 22. Narrative poetry- a type of poetry that tells a story in verse, often using the voice of both a narrator and characters; the entire story is usually written in metered verse. Narrative poems do not need to rhyme. Examples: The Raven by Edgar allan Poe 22. Found Poetry- a form of poetry that comprises borrowed text from different sources. Poets borrow words, phrases, or passages from sources like novels and news articles for found poems. Assembling the sourced texts bring a new meaning unique from the words phrases of the original context. Example: This Divine Breath by Johann Herder 23. Ghazal- a form of amatory poem () or ode, originating in Arabic poetry. Ghazals often deal with topics of spiritual and romantic love and may be understood as a poetic expression of both the pain of loss or separation from the beloved and the beauty of love inspite of that pain