Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society PDF

 Science a branch of knowledge dealing with a body Intro to STS of facts or truths systematically arranged (Science, and shows the operation of general laws Technology, tries to discover facts and relationships and and then tries to create theories th...

 Science a branch of knowledge dealing with a body Intro to STS of facts or truths systematically arranged (Science, and shows the operation of general laws Technology, tries to discover facts and relationships and and then tries to create theories that make Society) sense to these facts and relationships Technology applied science application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes  SCIENCE Intro to STS Explores for the purpose of of KNOWING (Science, Without science, technology could not Technology, proceed/progress. and Society) TECHNOLOGY Explores for the purpose of MAKING something useful from that knowledge Without technology, science experiments would not be possible. Medical Technology as Science Combination of medicine and technology an applied science for it employs scientific investigation to come up with findings involves laboratory diagnostic procedures that serves as mediators of the cause-and-effect phenomenon of preventing disease and infection affecting humans  It measures the effort being put into science and technology It is all activity concerned with developing new Research & scientific knowledge, new products and Development processes  Is the study of how society, politics and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, Science, politics and culture Technology, and Society (STS)  4th century BC - Plato recognized the value of engineers but lamented their low status in the Ancient Greek society 1527 - Francis Bacon attempted to outline the relationship between STS in his book, “The New Atlantis” Origin of 1931 - Boris Hessen argued that Newton was led to address certain STS studies problems because their solution would lead to advances in technologies that were important to the dominant social forces of the time 1942 - American Manhattan Project started 1947 - Vannevar Bush advocated for the setting up of the NAtional Research Foundation which later became the National Science Foundation 1954 - published “Science in history” which is a four-volume book by scientist and historian John Desmond Bernal. Originally published in London by Watts  SCIENCE-RELATED MEDICAL PARTICULARS DISCIPLINE TECHNOLOGY Comparison SCOPE AND COVERAGE General Specific to humans between a TEACHING-LEARNING Scientific method and Scientific method and Science-related APPROACH inquiry inquiry discipline and Medical Clinical laboratory Research-related APPLICATION settings and research- Technology activities related activities IMPACT OF LABORATORY Diagnosing human Research purposes Dx disease Human disease: AREA OF STUDY Living things treatment, prevention, control  Technology as technics - Material products of human making or fabrication - Ex. tools, devices, machines, implements and utensils Technology as a technology - Complex of knowledge, methods, and materials used in Meanings of making a certain kind of technique Technology Technology as a form of cultural activity - Distinctive form or kind of human cultural activity - Ex. art, law, medicine, sports, religion Technology as a total societal enterprise - Complex of knowledge, people skills, organizations, facilities, techniques, physical resources, methods and technologies that are taken together and in relationship to one another  Science of knowledge - Organized, well founded body of knowledge of natural phenomena, contributions to which have been made by thousands of men and women Science as a Field of Systematic Inquiry into nature Meanings of - Refers to a particular field or domain of systematic inquiry in which knowledge - science in the first sense - Science is sought. Science as a form of Human Cultural Activity - Corresponding to the third sense of technology, science will sometimes be used in what follows to refer to a distinctive form or kind of human cultural activity, one practiced by people now called scientists and formerly known as among other things, natural philosophers and savants. Science as a Total Societal Enterprise - Variety of knowledge, people, skills, organizations, facilities, technics, physical resources, methods and technologies that are taken together and in relation with one another are devoted to the study and understanding of the natural world.  Poly - came from the Greek word “many” Morphe - came from the Greek word “form” Contemporary Technological activity unfolds in many forms Science and (Flexible) Technology: Trial and error practices POLYMOR- Scientific research into the structure and PHISM properties of natural or synthetic materials New kinds of practice continue to be added to the arsenal of contemporary technology Ex. Nuclear medicine, nanotechnology, genetic engineering  Innovation - idea, practice or object that is perceived as new Theories of Creation - combination of inventions, analysis, discoveries, knowledge, data, ideas scientific and technological Diffusion - getting technological innovation “out the door innovation “ and into the user’s hands  Cumulative synthesis - Genetic sequence of four steps - Inventors perception of a problem - Setting of the stage The creation - The occurrence of the critical act of insight of innovation Social constructionist approach - States role of social factors - Being art, the interpretative flexibility of the technological artifacts and the role which differentiate the mechanics may play in the stabilization of artifact  Social institutions ○ Work - Improvements in manufacturing technology enabled the growing population to be provided with an array of material Influence of goods without increasing the number of laborers STS on ○ Unions - 2nd most important influence on the context of work by the Modern industrial revolution - Increased worker-management estrangement Society - Aimed the balance of power between management and labor ○ Technological unemployment - Robotic manipulators and vision system - Machines led to unemployment ○ Deskilling - Technology can enskill and deskill as well - Skills involved in microelectronic technology: monitoring, data entry, decision making  - Medtech employs a wide variety of technologies Medical - Prime goal: stimulate the cultural and technology democratic notions of scientific literacy as - Concrete application of science and technology application to concepts and principles can be seen in: science and LIS technology Professional practice Genetic engineering, gene therapy, gene diagnosis Lab waste management Lab diagnosis of diseases Scientific research