PLM Sustainable Tourism Module 3 PDF

Module 3: Introduction to Noosphere Mr. Adrian Jasper C. Cruz, MBA-TQM, PH.D.-Mgt. (Cand.) Doctor of Philosophy major in Management (Candidate) De La Salle Araneta University Master of Business Administration major in Total Quality Management...

Module 3: Introduction to Noosphere Mr. Adrian Jasper C. Cruz, MBA-TQM, PH.D.-Mgt. (Cand.) Doctor of Philosophy major in Management (Candidate) De La Salle Araneta University Master of Business Administration major in Total Quality Management Centro Escolar University College Instructor, Pamantasan Ng Lungsod Ng Maynila (PLM) College Instructor, Our Lady of Fatima University (OLFU) Noosphere Noösphere (derived from Greek νοῦς, as nous or ‘mind’, and σφαῖρα, as sphaira or ‘sphere’), translated as the sphere of human thought. Noösphere is a ‘new form of biogeochemical energy, which might be called the energy of human culture or cultural biogeochemical energy’ Noösphere is about harnessing nature’s energy (mastering the forces of nature, including the discovery of fire as the first great leap forward, agriculture, animal husbandry and new technologies) Noosphere Noösphere is a form of consciousness evolving as a thin layer of tissue enveloping the Earth. Love was a promising form of cultural energy that could unite all living things in generating global connectedness. The noösphere has relevance to tourism, as tourism is a global human phenomenon that touches the entirety of the planet from the equator to the poles, from urban to wilderness settings, and from aquatic to the highest terrestrial environments. General Issues: SDG 1: No Poverty Nelson Mandela observed that poverty is not a natural phenomenon, but rather a condition created by human action. Its eradication will also involve human action, not from the perspective of charity but rather from that of justice. Definitions of poverty have long been contested, with disagreement around four different elements. The first is the space in which poverty ought to be defined. This includes the degree of emphasis that should be placed on different spheres, including social, cultural, resource or political concerns. The second is universality of definitions, or how definitions fit within local or regional contexts and if they fit in cross-cultural situations. The third concern is the objective versus subjective measurement of poverty. Objective measures are captured by statistics, whereas subjective measures are based on value judgements. The fourth issue is how to differentiate the poor from the non-poor along poverty lines. Basic facts and figures reported by the UN Environment Program (UNEP, 2018) on poverty are as follows: 650 million people still live in extreme poverty; About one in five persons in developing regions lives on less than US$1.25 per day, with 80% of these people living in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa; 11% of the world’s population live in extreme poverty, down from 28% in 1999; Every day, an average of 42,000 people had to abandon their homes due to conflict. Altruistic Forms of Tourism Altruistic forms of tourism like pro-poor tourism and Fair Trade tourism are ineffective because they have been appropriated by the tourism industry in the pursuit of corporate interests (Higgins-Desboilles, 2008). General Issues: SGD 2: Zero Hunger Closely related to the concept of poverty is hunger, which is a developing world problem but also problematic in the developed world. The FAO, International Fund for Agricultural Development and World Food Program (2015) report that of the 815 million people (10.7% of the world’s population) who are chronically undernourished, 11 million people are undernourished in the developed world – a small percentage of the total. Connection of Poverty and Hunger Poverty is a main cause of hunger… ….but hunger is also a contributing cause of poverty in a cyclical relationship (World Hunger Education Service, 2018) Challenges in the Future One of the greatest challenges in the future will be how to feed 9–10 billion people by the year 2050 and, at the same time, reduce the impact that we have on the natural world in areas such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, losses to biodiversity, land use change and the loss of ecosystem services (Smith & Gregory, 2013). Challenges in the Future Other challenges relate to the alarming increase in the rate of child obesity as a result of poor dietary choices, and how marketing is identified as a contributing factor to this issue (Rayner et al., 2008), and the sheer number of people who are undernourished. UNEP (2018c) reports that: One in nine people in the world today is undernourished; A quarter of children suffer from stunted growth; in some developing countries, it is as high as one in three; If women farmers had the same access to resources as men, the number of hungry people in the world could be reduced by 150 million; UNEP (2018c) reports that: Asia is the continent with the hungriest people, two-thirds of the total; Since the 1990s, some 75% of crop diversity has been lost from farmers’ fields. THANK YOU!