Introduction to Planning PDF

8/8/22 From Last week What is management? Why management ?...

8/8/22 From Last week What is management? Why management ? Who is a manager ? What are the roles and responsibilities of a manager ? Introduction to Planning Managerial skills Process of management IS 1101 Principles of Management Steps of management process Dr. TC Sandanayake 1 2 Heritage and culture in Sri Lanka Way we are living What made them to do this? 3 4 1  8/8/22 They way things should be done What is Planning? Requires decisions on ….. What should be done? How it should be done? Who will be responsible ? Where the action is to be taken? Why is it done? Is a processes involved in the formulation, evaluation and selection of a sequence of thoughts and actions to achieve a desired goal. Recall any event that you have been a part of planning an event 5 6 What is Planning? Features of Planning Planning is the most basic of all managerial functions which Primary core function of management involves establishing goals, setting Quite adaptive to nature out objectives and defining the Changes with external environet methods by which these goals and Pervasive objectives are to be attained. Done ain all organisaions (small/ medium/big) Used in all levels 7 8 2  8/8/22 Planing A primary managerial activity that involves: "My goal is simple. It is Defining the organization’s goals complete understanding of the universe." Establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals Developing plans for organizational work activities. 9 10 Goals provide the sense of direction Without a goal individual and organization tend to mess- up their along Will react to environment changes negatively Goals focus our effort Why goals are Limited resources will use efficiently Goals priorities the and make the commitment for Important achieve them Goals guide our plans and decisions To become the batch top Long term and short-term planning Goals helps to evaluate the process Goals are high-level statements that provide the overall Deadlines are the standards of performance Goal context for what the person/ organisation/ project is trying to accomplish. 11 12 3  8/8/22 Goals and Goals are broad objectives are narrow. Examples: Objectives Goals are general intentions; Goals: Learn about the human body. objectives are precise. Objectives: Name all of the bones in the human body as Goals are intangible; objectives are stated in the medical textbook tangible. "The Human Body". Goals are abstract; objectives are concrete. Objectives are the needed to reach the Goal. Goals can't be validated as is; objectives can be validated. 13 14 Types of plans Vision and Mission Strategic Plans Organizational involves analyzing competitive opportunities and threats, as well plans as the strengths and weaknesses of the organization, and then determining how to position the organization to compete effectively in their environment. Strategic Tactical Plans intermediate-range (one to three years) planning that is designed to develop relatively concrete and specific means to implement A vision statement focuses on tomorrow and Tactical the strategic plan. what an organization wants to ultimately become. Operational Plans A mission statement focuses on today and what Operational an organization does to achieve it. generally assumes the existence of organization-wide or subunit goals and objectives and specifies ways to achieve them Both are vital in directing goals. 15 16 4  8/8/22 Our mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful. Microsoft: Microsoft’s mission is to enable people Facebook’s mission is to give people the power to share and make the world more open and connected. and businesses throughout the world to realize their full potential. Amazon’s vision is to be earth’s most customer centric company; to build a place where people can come to find and Skype: Skype’s mission is to be the fabric of real- discover anything they might want to buy online. time communication on the web. Twitter: Twitter lists its mission as “a work in “ to bring the best user experience to its customers through progress” as it has yet to be fully developed. innovative hardware, software, and services.” Yahoo!: Yahoo!’s mission is to be the most essential global Internet service for consumers and businesses Toyota will lead the future mobility society, enriching lives around the world with the safest and most responsible ways of moving people. YouTube: YouTube’s mission is to provide fast and Through our commitment to quality, ceaseless innovation, and respect for the easy video access and the ability to share videos planet, we strive to exceed expectations and be rewarded with a smile. We will meet challenging goals by engaging the talent and passion of people who frequently believe there is always a better way. 17 18 Mission Founder, Board of Directors or top Strategic Vs. Operational Plans managers The Hierarchy of Plans Strategic plan top and middle managers Time Horizon Scope Degree of Details Operational plan Strategic plans tend to Strategic plans has a wide Strategic plans are look a head several years range of activities simplistic and generic middle and first level managers or even in future. Operational plans have a This need to direct the Operational plans are narrow and more limited people to achieve them planned for a year or activities Operational plans particular time period. The key difference is the describes strategic plans numbers of relationship involving 19 20 5  8/8/22 Better Planning Specific Plans Vs. Directional Plans Increases the organization’s ability to adopt future eventualities Helps crystallize objectives Specific Plans Ensures a relatedness among decision Plans that are clearly defined and leave no room for interpretation Helps the company remain more competitive in its industry Reduces unnecessary pressures of immediacy Directional Plans Flexible plans that set out general Reduces mistakes and oversights guidelines, provide focus, yet allow Ensures a more productive use of resources discretion in implementation. Makes control easier Increases effectiveness of a manager Helps the organization progress in a manner considered most suitable 21 22 Guidelines for effective planning Limitations Involve top management only at key points in the planning process Effectiveness depends upon correctness of assumptions Involve line execs in developing the plans Planning is expensive Do not look for the perfect answer Time : Planning delays actions Planning should provide realistic targets & alternatives ways to achieve them Plans should start on a small scale and e expanded only when the execs have learned the technique & have become convinced of their usefulness 23 24 6  8/8/22 Planning is outlining a future course of action in order to achieve an objective. Planning Managers use logic and methods think towards goals and objectives Planning is looking ahead. Resources Performaces Outcomes of planning. Leading Controlling Goals Human Managers direct, influence Managers make sure an and motivate employees to organisation is moving towards Products Financial perform essential task organisational objectives Services Planning is getting ready to do something Technological Informatinal Efficiency Effectiveness tomorrow Organising Managers arrange and allocate Work authority and resources to achieve Organization goals Plan is a trap laid down to capture the future. 25 26 Outline of lesson What is planning? Goal and Objectives Planning Vs. Strategic Planning What is mission? Planning is deciding in advance what to do. Different Types of Plans Advantages and Limitations of It is the selection among alternatives of future course of action planning for enterprise as a whole and each department within it. Effective planning Plans involve selecting enterprise objectives and determining ways of achieving them”. 27 28 7  8/8/22 Take home Exercise 1: Take home Exercise 2: Write two events that you have involved in planning and organising? Think of examples of each type of operational plan you have used at day-to-day work in your university work or even in your personal life What activities you have carried out in each of these events? Identify the difficulties you might face when implementing such plans What are the barriers that you have faced on? Did you managed to complete the event successfully? 29 30 29 30 8