Physics Exam Questions and Answers PDF

00010_En_Y25_Əyani_Ara imtahan 1_MH testinin sualları Fənn : 00010 Fizika 1. What does the mathematical expression define? Angular momentum (momentum of the amount of motion) of a rigid body about its axis of rotation Steiner theorem √ Equation of moments. The fundam...

00010_En_Y25_Əyani_Ara imtahan 1_MH testinin sualları Fənn : 00010 Fizika 1. What does the mathematical expression define? Angular momentum (momentum of the amount of motion) of a rigid body about its axis of rotation Steiner theorem √ Equation of moments. The fundamental law of dynamics of rotational motion of a rigid body about a fixed axis. Law of conservation of angular momentum (momentum of motion) for a closed system Moment of the force relative to a fixed point 2.. Maxwell's law Barometric formula Amaga's law for ideal gases √ Dalton's law Boyle-Mariot law 3. How can an external force act on a liquid? attraction, pressure √ surface, volume hydraulic, atmospheric inert, superficial superficial, internal 4. What is hydraulics? the science that studies the movement of water currents the science that studies the state of liquids in space the science that studies the general properties of macroscopic water systems and the ways energy is transferred and transformed in these systems the science that studies the interaction of water currents √ the science that studies the motion and equilibrium of fluids 5. Dynamic pressure is determined by what expression? √..... 6. Reynolds number: √ determines the flow character of the liquid It determines the value of the resistance force exerted on a solid object moving in a liquid. represents the continuity equation of fluids Shows the application conditions of the laws of hydrodynamics determines the ratio of dynamic and static pressures in fluid flow 7. Reynolds number: is inversely proportional to the square of the fluid velocity is inversely proportional to the speed of the liquid but depends on the direction of the liquid flow rate does not depend on the speed of movement of the liquid √ is proportional to the speed of movement of the liquid 8. Determine the moment of inertia of a car of mass 1000 kg when it moves at 36 km/h on a straight section of the road. √ cannot be determined under these conditions.... 9. What quantity is analogous to mass in the equation of the dynamics of rotational motion? torque √ moment of inertia angular momentum impulse momentum moment of motion 10. What is meant by flow? volume of liquid inside baselines part of fluid bounded by streamlines √ fluid motion  tangent lines at each point, directed in the direction of motion of the liquid particles a collection of moving liquid particles 11. What is liquid flood? Fluid motion √ a collection of liquid particles in motion the volume of liquid inside the baselines part of the fluid is bounded by streamlines lines directed in the direction of movement of the fluid particles at each contact point 12. What is the kinetic energy of a body rotating and moving forward in a plane at the same time?. √.... Three identical ellipse-shaped details were cut out of a tin. They cut two pieces in half along different axes of symmetry. They then 13. moved all the parts the same distance apart and placed them symmetrically about the OO' axis. Which relationship is correct for the moments of inertia with respect to the OO' axis?.. √... If we increase the moment of inertia and the object's angular velocity by a factor of 2, how does the impulse-momentum of the object 14. change? Decrease by 2 times Increases by 2 times Increases 8 times √ Increases 4 times unchangeable 15. The disk and cylinder in the figure have the same mass and radius. Which answer is correct for the moments of inertia?. √.... 16. Which quantity is determined by the formula? The potential energy of an elastically deformed body √ The kinetic energy of an object rotating and moving forward in a plane at the same time Potential energy of an object rotating around a fixed axis Instant power The kinetic energy of an object rotating around a fixed axis 17. What characterizes the laminar flow of liquid? with the displacement of liquid particles only in layers close to the walls of the pipe; only by chaotic displacement of liquid particles near the walls of the tube. with intense displacement of particles in the cross-sectional direction of the tube by chaotic displacement of liquid particles inside the tube √ by maintaining an orderly arrangement of fluid particles 18. What is the characteristic of the turbulent flow regime of liquid? Movement of liquid particles in layers in the middle part of the pipe Movement of fluid particles between layers  Irregular and simultaneous movement of fluid particles between layers √ Unsystematic movement of liquid particles inside the pipe Maintain a specific arrangement of certain particles in a liquid 19. Which physical quantity is a vector quantity? moment of mass time road mass √ displacement 20. What is the movement of raindrops towards the Earth? which is first equally increasing, and then equally decreasing due to the movement of the droplet against the air resistance force equally acceleration from start to finish equally velocity from start to finish √ first increasing, then accelerating as air resistance balances gravity first decreasing and then accelerating as air resistance balances gravity 21. The velocity and acceleration of an object at any given time form a right angle. How does this object move? rectilinier variable speed √ uniform along the circumference rectilinear constant speed equally increasing along a curved line equally decreasing along a curved line The figure shows the velocity vectors of five different objects. With respect to which body, the modulus of the velocity of the body A is 22. the largest (the velocities of the bodies are equal in modulus)? √ 2 1 5 4 3 23. Which motion graph is depicted in the picture? The movement of the object is in the direction of the X axis. increasing by increased acceleration  √ decreasing increasing by decreased acceleration uniform speed increasing If a force F acts on the rim of a wheel in a tangential direction and the wheel rotates in the direction of the 5-axis as shown in the figure, 24. what vector indicates the direction of its angular velocity? 2 3 √ 4 5 1 The wheel rotates around the vertical axis in the direction indicated by the 4 pointer. A force F directed in a tangential direction acts on 25. the rim of the wheel. Which vector correctly describes the direction of the moment of force F? 4 2 √ 3 1 5 26. What is the name of the vector drawn from the center of the coordinate system to any point? central vector √ radius-vector starting vector displacement radius The vector sum of all forces acting on the moving ball is zero. What is the trajectory of the ball according to the inertial calculation 27. system? circle arbitrary a parabola point √ rectilinear 28. The pedestrian covered half of the circle with a radius of 2 km in 1.5 hours. What is the displacement of the pedestrian during this time?  2 km 4,5 km 6,3 km 3,0 km √ 4,0 km 29. Newton's I and II laws...... paid in linear moving non-inertial calculation systems paid in non-inertial calculation systems moving at non-relativistic speeds paid in any non-inertial calculation systems √ is not paid in any non-inertial calculation systems paid in momentum-moving non-inertial calculation systems 30.. The relationship between the potential of the gravitational field and its intensity Potential energy of an elastically deformed body The potential energy of an object at a height h above the earth's surface √ The relationship between the force acting on the body at a given point of the field and the potential energy of the particle The work done by the variable force along S path 31. What does the formula mean? the relationship between the potential energy of the particle and the force acting on the object at a given point in the field the work done during the rotation of the object the work done by the constant force √ the work done by the variable force on the path S the process of exiting electrons from the metal 32. If the gravitational pull of the Earth on your textbook is the action, then the reaction from Newton’s third law is √ the pull of your book on the Earth. the normal force from the table supporting the book. the electromagnetic interaction of the atoms in your table the atomic interactions within the table the electromagnetic interaction of the atoms in your book. Under the influence of a constant force of 5N in the tangential direction to a solid sphere with a radius of 1 cm, the sphere makes one 33. complete revolution around its axis. Find the work done by this force. √ 0,314 C; 10 C 3,14 C; 0,628 C; 0,1 C; 34..  26 40 16 √ 13 34 35.. √ 23 56 32 11 26 36. For the uniform motions at time t depicted in Fig, show the correct sequence of increasing acceleration of a... √... During the harmonic dance, at the moment when the mathematical dancer's handle is maximally inclined from the vertical position, in 37. which direction does the ball's acceleration go? downwards in the vertical direction upwards in the vertical direction along the thread in the horizontal direction √ perpendicular to the handle 38. Choose the incorrect statement.  √ The angular momentum of the disk decreases if the immediate loads approach the axis of rotation (the moment of force acting on the disk remains the same as before) Moment of inertia is a scalar physical quantity, and just as the mass of an object is a measure of its inertia in forward motion, moment of inertia is a measure of inertia in rotational motion around a certain axis. The moment of inertia of the lead about the axis of symmetry, which coincides with the geometrical axis of symmetry of the cylinder, will not change when the cylinder turns into a disk... 39.. √ 3 4 5 1 2 40. What is the equation of uniform motion?. √.... 41. Centrifugal acceleration is determined by what expression?. √.... In any time period, the velocity and acceleration of the object form a right angle (modules of velocity and acceleration are constant). 42. How does this object move? uniformly decreasing along a straight line √ uniform along the circumference rectilinear constant velocity linear variable velocity uniformly increasing along a straight line 43. From the vx(t) graph, find the average velocity of the object during the period of motion. 1,75m/sec 3m/sec 2 m/sec 1,5m/sec √ 2,5m/sec 44. The time dependence graph of the velocity projection is depicted in the figure. Determine the average velocity in 12 seconds.  √ 10m/sec 3 m/sec 11 m/sec 5 m/sec 12 m/sec A sphere of mass m1 moving with velocity v1 collides with a sphere of mass m2 at rest. If the collision is absolutely inelastic, what 45. expression defines the velocity of the spheres after the collision?... √.. 46. 3N, 6N and 10N forces were applied to the object. Find the smallest value of the compensatory force. 4N √ 1N 9N 19N 5N 47..  Angular acceleration total acceleration Normal acceleration √ The road taken Angular velocity 48. What is the mathematical expression of total acceleration?. √.... 49. How many seconds will it take for an object falling freely from a height of 245 m to reach the ground? √ 7 sec 3 sec 10 sec 6 sec 49 sec The universal force of gravity acting on an object on the Earth's surface is 36 N. What is the gravitational force at a height h = 2R above 50. the earth's surface? 9N √ 4N 12 N 18 N 24 N 51.. 5m 6m √ 7m -10 m 2m 52. A body of mass 7 kg moves vertically upwards with an acceleration of 5 m/s2. Calculate the weight of the object. (g=10m/sec2) 70N 35N 0,7N 7N √ 105N 53. Centrifugal force acting on an object during constant velocity motion along a circle is determined by what expression? √..... 54. Newton's third law is mathematically written as follows: √..... How is Newton's second law of motion expressed?if the influence of other objects is not compensated, the object moves with constant 55. velocity in an inertial system of calculation the acceleration of an object is in the direction of the compensatory force √ The acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the product of all forces acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. the modulus of the object's acceleration is inversely proportional to the modulus of the compensatory force and directly proportional to its mass. The module of the acceleration of the object is inappropriate with the module of the substitute for all forces, in the opposite, with its mass The mass of an object is directly proportional to its acceleration and inversely proportional to the force acting on it. 56. If the power of the generator is 2000 watts, find the work done by it in 3 seconds. A=2300J A=485J A=3200J A=5500J √ A=6000J 57. What quantity is determined by the expression F υ? energy impulse √ power moment of force work 58. When is the work done by the force acting on the object maximum? If the force is directed opposite to the displacement; If the force direction is perpendicular to the displacement direction; √ If the direction of the force is in the direction of displacement; If the force direction is directed at an angle with the displacement direction; If the object is not acted upon by the force of friction 59. How does the velocity change when the drag force increases 5 times in an engine with constant power? Increases by 2 times Decreases by 2 times Increases by 3 times Increases by 5 times √ Decreases by 5 times 60. What is the relationship between drag force and speed in an engine with constant power? logarithmic dependence quadratic dependence √ inversely proportional dependence exponential dependence cubic dependence 61. If the work done by the mechanism in 8 seconds is 32 J, what will its power be? 3W 8W 16 W  2W √ 4W Complete the sentence by putting the appropriate answer in place of the points: "If the object in the system of calculation... moves, this 62. system is called an inertial system." constant acceleration compared to other calculation systems √ if it is at rest or in a straight line with constant velocity at rest or with constant acceleration relative to other calculation systems constant velocity than other calculation systems linear compared to other calculation systems 63. Determine the correspondence between a physical law and its mathematical expression. 1 - b; 2 - c; 3 - d; 4 - a; 5 - e 1 - c; 2 - b; 3 - a; 4 - e; 5 - d √ 1 - e; 2 - d; 3 - b; 4 - a; 5 - c 1 - d; 2 - а; 3 - e; 4 - c; 5 - b 1 - a; 2 - e; 3 - d; 4 - e; 5 - c How many joules is the work done by a force of 6N acting in a perpendicular direction on an object moving at a speed of 5 m/s in the 64. horizontal direction? 5J 10 J 2J √ 0J 6J 65. Flow continuity equation: √..... 66. What is Bernoulli's equation for fluid flow in an inclined pipe? √..... 67. Kinetic energy of a complex moving solid: √..... 68. Determine the relationship between homogeneous bodies and their moments of inertia about the zc axis through their center of mass.  а - 2; b - 3; c - 5; d - 4; e - 1 а - 5; b - 2; c - 3; d - 1; e - 4 а - 3; b - 4; c - 2; d - 5; e - 1 a - 1; b - 5; c - 4; d - 3; e - 2 √ а - 2; b - 5; c - 4; d - 3; e - 1 69. According to Stokes formula, how does the frictional force acting on a ball falling into a liquid depend on the speed of the ball?. √.... The frictional force acting on a ball falling at low speed in a viscous liquid depends on what? 70. 1 - from the coefficient of internal friction; 2 - from the speed; 3 - from the radius of the sphere; 4 - from the density of the sphere; 5 - from the volume of the liquid  2 and 3 only; 4 and 5 only; √ 1, 2, 3; 3, 4, 5 1 and 2 only What does the friction force acting on a ball falling at low speed in a viscous liquid depend on? 71. 1 - from the coefficient of internal friction; 2 – from speed; 3 - from the radius of the sphere; 4 - from the density of the sphere; 5 – from the volume of the liquid 2 and 3 only; √ 1, 2, 3; 3, 4, 5 only 1 and 2 4 and 5 only; 72. Which device's equilibrium state is based on the law of moments? √ ling inclined plane manometer dynamometer hydraulic press 73. How does the moment of force change if the modulus of the force is increased by 50% and the arm of the force is increased by 2 times? does not change √ Increases 3 times Increases 4 times decreases 3 times Increases 9 times The total kinetic energy of a disk rolling on a horizontal surface is equal to T = 24 J. Find the kinetic energy of the forward motion of 74. the disk. 20 J 24 J 8J 12 J √ 16 J If linear velocity is replaced by angular velocity, linear acceleration is replaced by angular momentum, force is replaced by torque, and 75. momentum is replaced by angular momentum, then what physical quantity replaces mass? √ Moment of inertia Inertial mass Gravitational mass Force pulse There is no physical quantity to replace mass in rotational motion 76. It falls freely into a jar of water with holes in the bottom and side walls. Will water come out of the holes at this time? From where? yes, because the external pressure is greater than the pressure of the water in the jar no, because the reason for such an event is not clear √ no, because in free fall the water does not put pressure on the bottom and walls of the container yes, because during free fall the pressure inside the water increases, as well as the pressure on the bottom and walls of the container yes because the flow rate of water increases during free fall 77. Why do two suspended sheets move closer together when air is blown between them?  As the speed of the airflow increases, the temperature between the layers increases. As the speed of the airflow increases, the temperature between the layers decreases. √ As the speed of the airflow increases, the pressure between the layers decreases a flood of air pushes pages of paper after it As the speed of the airflow increases, the pressure between the layers increases. 78. The air in the soap bubble is under which pressure? hydrostatic dynamic molecular √ additional atmosphere A man sits in the middle of a carousel that rotates by its own inertia around a vertical axis and holds the middle of a long stick in his 79. hand. If it rotates the rod from vertical to horizontal position, the rotation frequency is in the final state... first decreases, then increases does not change √ decreases first increases, then decreases increases 80. Which quantity is determined by the formula? Stokes formula Bernoulli equation for the steady flow of an ideal incompressible fluid angular velocity √ Torricelli's formula for the velocity of a liquid flowing through a small slit in an open wide container discontinuity equation 81. Harmonic dance movement is defined by what expression? Motion in which any straight line rigidly connected to the object remains parallel to its initial position during motion Motion in which the physical quantities determining the motion are periodically repeated √ Motion in which the displacement varies from the equilibrium position with time according to the law of sine or cosine If all the points of the object move on circles whose centers lie on one straight line Motion caused by an external variable periodic force 82. A wave front is…… a geometric locus of points. oscillate along a complex trajectory √ where the wave process arrives at a given moment in time having the same oscillation frequency oscillate in the same phase having the same oscillation amplitude 83. If a mass of 4 grams is hung from handle of spring pendulum instead of a mass of 1 gram, how will its oscillation period change? Increases by 4 times √ Increases by 2 times Decreases by 2 times does not change Decreases by 3 times  The numerical value of the damping coefficient of oscillations: 1- does not depend on the frequency of specific oscillations, 2- does not depend on the influence frequency of the external force, 84. 3- is proportional to the frequency of specific oscillations, 4- is proportional to the influence frequency of the external force. Mark the correct answers: 1 və 3 3 və 4, 1 və 4, 2 və 3, √ 1 və 2, Show the correspondence between the names of the quantities and their mathematical expressions. 1. Dance period of a spring pendulum 2. Dance period of the physical pendulum 85. 3. Dance period of the pendulum 4. Thomson's formula for the relationship between the active resistivity-free period T of specific oscillations in the oscillation contour and the inductance L and capacitance C of the contour 5. Kinetic energy of the point with mass m which do oscillation 1 - b; 2 - v; 3 - q; 4 - a; 5 - d 1 - d; 2 - b; 3 - a; 4 - v; 5 - q 1 - q; 2 - d; 3 - v; 4 - b; 5 - а √ 1 - а; 2 - v; 3 - b; 4 - d; 5 - q 1 - v; 2 - а; 3 - d; 4 - q; 5 - b 86....  √... 87.... √... 88. How to find the moment of inertia about the axis of rotation of a cylinder with mass m and radius r?....  √. 89. What is the fundamental equation of rotational motion dynamics? √..... 90. How does the moment of inertia change if the moment of force doubles at a constant value of angular momentum? Increases 4 times; Decreases 4 times √ increases by 2 times; Decreases by 2 times; Immutable; Loads of 2 N and 18 N are suspended from the ends of a 1 m long weightless link. How far away from the small load must the fulcrum 91. be placed for the ling to be in equilibrium? 10 cm 60 cm 50 cm √ 90 cm 20 cm 92. How do dynamic and static pressures change when the fluid flow rate increases? dynamic - does not change, static - decreases does not change dynamic - decreases, static - does not change √ dynamic - increases, static - decreases dynamic - decreases, static - increases  If the Archimedean force acting on a sphere of radius R in a homogeneous fluid is F, what is the Archimedean force acting on a sphere 93. of radius R/2 in that fluid? F/4 8F 4F 2F √ F/8 94. What expression defines the pressure exerted by the liquid on the bottom of the container? p=ΔF/ΔS; d=PV; √ P= ρgh; ρ=mV; F=PS 95. What is an ideal fluid? liquid whose density is not the same in all directions; √ Fluid without internal friction; The fluid portion bounded by streamlines. fluid with internal friction; a liquid whose density is the same everywhere; 96. What is the formula for the kinetic energy of rotation?. √.... 97. What formula is used to calculate the moment of inertia of the ring?.  √.... What is the mathematical expression of Steiner's theorem (I0 is the moment of inertia about the axis passing through the center of mass 98. of the body, d - is the distance between the axes, m-is the mass of the body)? √..... 99. Viscosity coefficient is measured in what unit?.... √. What form of dependence exists between the Reynolds number Re , which determines the nature of the flow, and the viscosity 100. coefficient ὴ of the liquid? √..... Find the amplitude value of the velocity if the time dependence of the coordinate of the oscillating body occurs according to the law 101. x=0.5cos(18t+4) (take π=3). 2 cm/sec √ 9 cm/sec 3 cm/sec 8 cm/sec 5 cm/sec  Find the amplitude value of the acceleration if the time dependence of the coordinate of the oscillating body occurs according to the law 102. x=0.5cos(4t+4) (take π=3)..... √. 103. How many times the amplitude travels during one period of the oscillating object. ten times five times two times √ four times three times If the time dependence of the coordinate of the oscillating body occurs according to the law x=0.5cos(4t+4), find the path traveled in 104. one period. 9 cm 8 cm 5 cm 3 cm √ 2 cm Find the displacement of the oscillating body during one period if the time dependence of the coordinate takes place according to the 105. law x=0.5cos(4t+4) 5 cm 9 cm 3 cm √ 0 cm 8 cm How does the amplitude of the velocity change when the frequency of the oscillation is increased by 3 times during harmonic 106. oscillation? Increases 9 times Increases by 8 times Increases by 5 times √ Increases by 3 times Increases by 2 times 107. How does the amplitude of acceleration change when the frequency of the oscillation is increased 3 times during harmonic oscillation? Increases by 5 times Increases by 3 times Increases by 2 times √ Increases by 9 times Increases by 8 times 108. How does the amplitude of acceleration change when the period of the oscillation is increased 3 times during harmonic oscillation?  Decreases by 2 times Increases by 3 times Increases by 5 times Decreases 8 times √ Decreases 9 times How does the amplitude of the velocity change when the period of the oscillation is increased by 3 times during the harmonic 109. oscillation? Decreases 9 times Decreases by 2 times √ Decreases 3 times Increases by 5 times Decreases 8 times 110. Find the initial phase, if the time dependence of the coordinate of the oscillating body occurs according to the law x=9cos(8t+3). 8 rad 9 rad 5 rad √ 3 rad 2 rad 111. Find the velocity of the oscillation, knowing that the wavelength is 6m and the period is T=2 seconds. 8 m/sec 2 m/sec √ 3m/sec 13 m/sec 5 m/sec 112.. √ 12m/sec 2 m/sec 5 m/sec 8 m/sec 13 m/sec 113. Knowing that the frequency of the oscillation is 2 sec-1, find the period of the oscillation. √ 0.5 sec 6 sec 8 sec 5 sec 0.2 sec 114. Which of the statements given below corresponds to the definition of harmonic oscillation motion? the motion caused by the influence of an external periodic variable force is called harmonic oscillation motion; if the values of the physical quantities determining the motion are repeated periodically, such motion is a harmonic oscillation motion; √ If the displacement changes according to the law of sine or cosine relative to the equilibrium state, then such motion is harmonic oscillation motion if any straight line rigidly connected to the moving body during motion remains parallel to its original position, then such motion is harmonic oscillation motion; If all points of a moving body move in circles centered on one straight line, such motion is harmonic oscillation motion. 115..  1 - c; 2 - а; 3 - d; 4 - b 1 - b; 2 - c; 3 - d; 4 - a 1 - а; 2 - d; 3 - c; 4 - b 1 - d; 2 - b; 3 - а; 4 - c √ 1 - c; 2 - d; 3 - а; 4 - b 116. Define the relationship between the law and its mathematical expression. 1 - b; 2 - d; 3 - a; 4 - q; 5 - v 1 - a; 2 - v; 3 - d; 4 - q; 5 - b √ 1 - q; 2 - v; 3 - d; 4 - b ; 5 - a 1 - v; 2 - q; 3 - b; 4 - d; 5 - а 1 - d; 2 - v; 3 - q; 4 - b ; 5 - а 117. What is the amount of heat in numerical terms? to the amount of heat required to heat an object by 1 K at P=const and V=const; to the amount of heat required to heat 1 kg of a substance by 1 K to the amount of heat required to heat an object to 100 K. to the amount of heat required to heat the object by 1 K; √ to the ratio of the amount of heat supplied to (received from) the system to the temperature at which the process occurs; 118. How does the entropy of an ideal gas of constant mass change during isochoric cooling? increases increases first, then decreases is equal to zero does not change √ decreases The figure shows the Carnot cycle in (T, S) coordinates. (S is entropy) In this case, isothermal compression corresponds to which 119. region?  no isothermal compression 1-2 2-3 4-1 √ 3-4 120. Which of the following options is true for the first law of thermodynamics in the ideal gas process shown graphically?... √..  An ideal heat engine operates on the Carnot cycle (two (1-2) and (3-4) isotherms and two (2-3) and (4-1) adiabats). (4-1) How does the 121. entropy of the working body change during adiabatic compression? decreases decreases first, then increases increases, then decreases exponentially increases √ does not change 122. What is the principle of how entropy behaves when the temperature of the system approaches absolute zero called? Law of increasing entropy Carnot's theorem √ The third law of thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics Which quantity does not characterize the viscosity of a liquid? 123. 1- Static viscosity coefficient 2- Kinematic viscosity coefficient 3- Dynamic viscosity coefficient 1,2 2 3 √ 1 2,3 If the velocity of each molecule in a given volume of an ideal gas is increased by two times, but the concentration of molecules remains 124. unchanged, how will the pressure affected on the walls of the container with the gas change? √ Increases 4 times Decreases 4 times does not change Increases by 3 times Increases by 2 times 125. Show the relationship between the isoprocess and the heat capacity of one mole of ideal gas in this process.  1 - e; 2 - d; 3 - b; 4 - с; 5 - a 1 - d; 2 - c; 3 - b; 4 - a; 5 - е 1 - c; 2 - d; 3 - a; 4 - e; 5 - b √ 1 - a; 2 - b; 3 - d; 4 - с; 5 - е 1 - b; 2 - a; 3 - e; 4 - d; 5 - с 126. During adiabatic compression of an ideal gas: temperature and entropy do not change temperature decreases, entropy increases temperature and entropy increase √ temperature increases, entropy does not change temperature decreases, entropy does not change 127. Entropy of an isolated thermodynamic system during the melting of a substance: decrease remains stable √ increase can either decrease or remain constant can increase, decrease and remain constant The graph shows the dependence of the temperature of four objects of the same mass on the amount of heat they receive. At the 128. beginning, objects were solid. Which curve on the graph corresponds to the solid with the smallest heat capacity? None 4 3 2 √ 1 129. Who first expressed the law of conservation of energy applied to heat processes?  James P. Cole Thomas Jung √ German Helmholtz Rudolph Clausius Robert Mayer 130. What is the expression of the second law of thermodynamics by Thomson? the amount of heat supplied to the system is used to increase its internal energy and the work done on external forces it is impossible for heat to spontaneously transfer from a lower temperature body to a higher temperature body. heat cannot be arbitrarily transferred from a hot body to a cold body when the temperature of all objects approaches 0 Kelvin, their entropy approaches zero. √ a cyclic process is not possible, the only result of which is work done at the expense of cooling the heat source If the dependence of the volume V on the temperature T of an ideal gas at a constant amount of matter is in the form V=αТ (α is the 131. proportionality coefficient), what is this process? isochoric adiabatic √ isobaric isothermal such a process is not possible An ideal gas of constant mass has changed from state 1 to state 3 as shown. What processes has the gas undergone at this time? 1. first isobaric compression, then isochoric heating 2. First isothermal expansion, then isochoric heating 132. 3. first isothermal compression, then isochoric cooling 4. First isochoric heating, then isothermal expansion 5. First isochoric heating, then isobaric compression 5 2 √ 4 1 3 133. What is amplitude? the number of oscillation in a unit time √ the largest displacement of the oscillating point away from the equilibrium position the path traveled by the oscillating point during in half a period the path traveled by the oscillating point during one complete oscillation displacement of the oscillating point from its equilibrium position 134. What is the main sign of oscillation motion?  dependence of the oscillation period on the force of gravity non-periodicity √ recurrence (periodicity) independence from the influence of force being observed in the external environment 135. What is the main characteristic of sound waves? polarization ionization √ reflection thermal conductivity fluency 136. What is a wavelength? A number indicating the number of wavelengths located at a distance of 2π a vector that is numerically equal to the wavenumber and directed along the ray at the viewed point of the medium √ the distance between the two nearest points with a difference of 2π in their oscillation phases the geometric location of the points where the oscillation phases are the same a set of planes parallel to each other 137. What is the wave number? √ A number indicating the number of wavelengths located at a distance of 2π a vector that is numerically equal to the wavenumber and directed along the ray at the viewed point of the medium a set of planes parallel to each other the geometric location of the points where the oscillation phases are the same the distance between the two nearest points with a difference of 2π in their oscillation phases 138. What is a wavevector? geometric location of points where the oscillation phases are the same A number indicating the number of wavelengths located at a distance of 2π √ a vector that is numerically equal to the wavenumber, and directed along the ray at the viewed point of the medium a set of planes parallel to each other distance between the two nearest points with a difference of 2π in the oscillation phases 139. In what mediums do transverse mechanical waves propagate? in liquids in gases in plasma in solutions √ in solids 140. Determine the wavelength with a velocity of 1500 m/s and an oscillation frequency of 500 Hs. 5m 0.3 m 10 m 2m √ 3m Find the amplitude of the oscillation if the time dependence of the coordinate of the oscillating body occurs according to the law 141. x=3cos(5t+4). 5 cm 0.7 cm  √ 3 cm 2 cm 10 cm Find the frequency of the oscillation if the time dependence of the coordinate of the oscillating body occurs according to the law 142. x=3cos(18t+4) (take π=3).. √.... 143. What is the expression of the first law of thermodynamics corresponding to the isothermal process? Δ U=A Q= Δ A √ Q=-A Q= Δ U Q=ΔU+A 144. What is the degree of freedom of diatomic gas? √ 5 3 2 4 6 145. How does the kinetic energy of a triatomic molecule change when the absolute temperature increases by 3 times? √ Increases 3 times Increases 9 times Increases 6 times Does not change Decreases 3 times 146. What is Mayer's formula?. √.... 147. In what case is the specific heat capacity correct?.... √. 148. Show the equation of the adiabatic process. √..... 149. A gas was heated to 400 J and external forces did 600 J of work on the gas. Find the change in internal energy of the gas 600 J –200 J 500 J 200 J √ 1000 J The amount of heat supplied to the system is used to increase its internal energy and work done by the system against external forces. 150. What law is this? the III law of thermodynamics the II law of thermodynamics √ I law of thermodynamics Charles's law Dalton's law 151. How does its pressure change when the volume of gas is increased 5 times during an isothermal process? √ Decreases 5 times Increases 25 times Decreases 25 times Decreases 15 times Increases by 5 times 152. How does its volume change when the gas pressure is increased 5 times during an isothermal process? √ Decreases 5 times Decreases 15 times Decreases 25 times Increases 25 times Increases by 5 times 153. How does the temperature of the gas change when the pressure of the gas is increased 5 times during the isochoric process? Decreases 5 times Decreases 15 times Increases 25 times √ Increases 5 times Decreases 25 times 154. How does the gas pressure change when the gas temperature increases 5 times during the isochoric process? Decreases 15 times Decreases 25 times Decreases 5 times Increases 25 times √ Increases 5 times 155. How will the pressure of the gas change if the temperature of the gas is increased by 20 percent during the isochoric process? Decreases 2.5 times  Decreases 1.2 times √ Increases 1.2 times Decreases 1.5 times Increases 2.5 times 156. What is the integer number of degrees of freedom of a diatomic molecule with a rigid bond? 12 7 √ 5 10 3 157. Determine the correspondence between the law (definition) and its mathematical expression. 1 - c; 2 - d; 3 - d; 4 - b ; 5 - a 1 - b; 2- c; 3 - a; 4 - d ; 5 - e 1 - e; 2 - a; 3 - c; 4 - d ; 5 - b √ 1 - d; 2- c; 3 - e; 4 - b ; 5 - а 1 - a; 2 - c; 3 - d; 4 - b ; 5 - e The dependence of the mean square velocity of monoatomic molecules on the absolute temperature is expressed by which formula? (R- 158. universal gas constant, M- molar mass of gas). √....  The average kinetic energy of forward movement of monoatomic molecules is expressed by which formula? (k-Bolsman constant, T- 159. absolute temperature) √..... 160. What is the number of degrees of freedom of a rigidly bound diatomic molecule? 7 10 12 3 √ 5 161. What distribution law expresses the dependence of pressure of ideal gas on height? √ Bolsman Maxwell Pascal Dalton Mendeleev-Clapeyron 162. The second type of perpetuum mobile in thermodynamics... converts fuel energy into electrical energy works without external energy has two heat sources it does more mechanical work than it receives heat √ turns the heat it receives completely into mechanical work 163. Gas pressure decreases during isochoric cooling, because: the gas volume decreases the mass of the gas decreases √ the average kinetic energy of molecules decreases concentration of molecules decreases the number of molecules decreases 164. If the weight stone....... its internal energy increases. increases its velocity by 2m/s, √ heated by 2 degrees, hangs from the spring and collects (shortens) the spring by 2 cm, hanging on the spring and extending the spring by 2 cm, raised to a height of 2 m, 165. The heat capacity of a gas....... is the amount of heat required to heat it. 1 gram of gas at 10 K √ mass of gas 1K 1 kg-atomic gas 1 K 1 kmol of gas at 1 K 1 kg of gas is 1 K 166.. 2 5 √ 3 1 7 The average kinetic energy of gas molecules at temperature T depends on their structure, which is related to the different forms of 167. motion of atoms in the molecule. What is the average energy of an oxygen molecule (O2) with only forward and rotational motion?.. √... 168. In an isothermal process, 4 kJ of heat is given to the gas. How much work does the gas do at this time? 7 kJ 6 kJ √ 4 kJ  2 kJ 3 kJ 169.. √ 6 8 5 3 7 During which process, the internal energy of the gas changes only due to heat transfer? 170. isothermal isobar isentropic adiabat √ isochoric 171. What does the expression show? Maxwell's law for the velocity distribution of ideal gas molecules Gay-Lussac law √ the change of entropy during the equilibrium transition of the gas from state 1 to state 2 change of internal energy of ideal gas the basic equation of the molecular-kinetic theory of ideal gases An ideal gas has done 300 C of work, while its internal energy has risen by 200 C. How does the amount of heat change during this 172. process? gas gives heat of 300 C gas gives heat of 500 C √ the gas receives heat of 500 C the gas receives heat of 100 C gas gives heat of 100 C 173. What is temperature? characterization of interaction energy of molecules the amount of heat an object has √ thermodynamic parameter of the state of the system a measure of the total energy of an object a measure of the internal energy of an object 174. What is the relationship between heat flux density and temperature gradient?.. √... During the Carnot cycle, the gas is heated to a temperature of 100°C and cooled to a temperature of 0°C. This cycle's the coefficient of 175. performance what is it equal to? 46% 37% √ 27% 56% 78% 176. Newton's law for the force of internal friction √..... 177. Which equation expresses the process of heat transfer?. √.... The internal energy of a gas includes which of the following options? 1 – kinetic energy of gas movement as a whole 2 – energy of connection of molecules 178. 3 - interaction energy of molecules 4 – potential energy of molecules in the external field 5 – heat energy of movement of molecules 6 – kinetic energy of movement of molecules √ 3 and 6 2 and 5 1 and 5 2 and 3 1 and 4 179. What is meant by the internal energy of a gas? the sum of the kinetic energies of all gas molecules the work done by a gas as it expands infinitely the amount of heat removed from the gas to cool the gas to absolute zero temperature √ the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all gas molecules the sum of thermal energies of all gas molecules 180. What does the Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation describe? √ the state of an ideal gas equilibrium state of the thermodynamic system Phase equilibrium curve  isotherm of real gases Crisis point position 181. When we're talking about a pendulum, what does T stand for? pi √ period length frequency gravity 182. Total distance an object travels with direction. Energy Velocity √ Displacement Distance Path 183. Fluid dynamics is best described as: the study of water in motion √ the study of liquids and gases in motion the study of air in motion none of the above the study of gases in motion Bernoulli’s equation is obtained by applying law of conservation of. 184. Mass √ Energy Force Acceleration Momentum Turbulent flow is 185. Unsteady and regular √ Unsteady and irregular Steady and regular None of the above Steady and regular 186. When weight of an object falling freely becomes equal to the drag force, then the body will move with: Increasing speed √ Constant speed Constant acceleration None of the above Decreasing speed 187. A unit to measure temperature Lumens √ Kelvin Pascal Faraday Newton 188. Heat transfers from an area of ____ temperature to an area of ____ temperature. Low-Low √ High-Low Low-High None of the above High-High Energy can be converted from one form to another with the interaction of heat, work and internal energy, but it cannot be created nor 189. destroyed, under any circumstances. Third Law of Thermodynamics √ First Law of Thermodynamics Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics None of the above Second Law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is 190. created √ conserved created and destroyed none of the above destroyed 191. The transfer of thermal energy between objects of different temperatures is called... temperature √ heat acceleration velocity internal energy Temperature is a measure of the... 192. total energy in a substance √ average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance total kinetic energy in a substance none of the above average potential energy in a substance It states that if two thermodynamic systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each 193. other. First Law of Thermodynamics √ Zeroth Law Second Law of Thermodynamics None of the above Third Law of Thermodynamics 194. What is internal energy? The amount of heat an object contains. √ The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles of a substance. Something that does not exist. None of those statements is true Something we can measure easily.  The _____ Law of Thermodynamics says that heat always flows from an object with a higher temperature to an object of lower 195. temperature naturally. Zeroth √ Second Third None of those statements is true. First If an ideal gas is compressed isothermally, which of 196. the following statements is true? Energy is transferred to the gas by heat. √ The internal energy of the gas remains constant. No work is done on the gas. None of those statements is true. The temperature of the gas increases. The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the difference in energy transferred 197. to or from the system as heat and mass √ work done pressure None of those statements is true force The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is.... 198. created √ conserved created and destroyed None of those statements is true destroyed 199. The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy of a system tends to ______________. decrease √ increase fluctuate wildly None of those statements is true stay constant What is thermodynamics? 200. study of atoms study of momentum study of force study of light √ study of heat and work