Physics Past Paper PDF - Semester 1 2022-2023

Reading & Vocabulary Biotechnology (L1) Physics Physics is a branch of science that studies matter and its motion as well as...

Reading & Vocabulary Biotechnology (L1) Physics Physics is a branch of science that studies matter and its motion as well as how it interacts with energy and forces. There are many branches of physics including electricity, astronomy, motion, waves, sound, and light. Physics studies the smallest elementary particles and atoms as well as the largest stars and the universe. Gravity Gravity is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things with mass or energy. All objects have gravity but some objects, like the Earth and the Sun, have a lot more gravity than others. How much gravity an object has depends on how big it is (mass) and how close you are to the object (distance). For instance, the Sun's gravity keeps the Earth in orbit around the Sun. Life on Earth needs the Sun's light and warmth to survive. Gravity helps the Earth to stay just the right distance from the Sun. Gravity was first mathematically described by the scientist Isaac Newton. His theory is called Newton's law of universal gravitation. Later, Albert Einstein made some improvements on this theory and suggested his theory of relativity. Dr Ahlem Chelghoum Semester 1 (2022-2023)  Biotechnology READING & VOCABULARY (L1) Heat Transfer Heat transfer is the exchange of thermal energy between physical systems, depending on the temperature and pressure, by dissipating heat. The fundamental modes of heat transfer are conduction or diffusion, convection and radiation. Conduction is the transfer of heat as a result of the direct contact of rapidly moving atoms through a medium or from one medium to another, without movement of the media. Materials that allow heat to travel through them in this way are called conductors. Metals are good conductors of heat. Non- metals such as plastic, clay, wood and paper are poor conductors of heat; they are also called insulators. Convection is the transfer of heat by the physical movement of the heated medium itself. It occurs in liquids and gases but not solids. Radiation, on the other hand, is the transfer of heat in the form of waves through space (vacuum). An electric heater, for example, transfers heat by radiation i.e. directly radiating its heat energy, as well as by convection. In the latter, heated air near the heater rises and is replaced by cooler air and the cycle repeats thus warming up the entire room. Electricity Electricity is a type of energy that can build up in one place or flow from one place to another. When electricity gathers in one place it is known as static electricity. Electricity that moves from one place to another is called current electricity. Static electricity often happens when you rub things together. If you rub a balloon against your jumper 20 or 30 times, you will find the balloon sticks to you. This happens because rubbing the balloon gives it an electric charge. The charge makes it stick to your jumper like a magnet. Lightning is also caused by static electricity. As rain clouds move through the sky, they rub against the air around them. This makes them build up a huge electric charge. Eventually, when the charge is big enough, it leaps to Earth as a bolt of lightning. Electricity Page 2  Biotechnology READING & VOCABULARY (L1) is caused by electrons. When electrons move, they carry electrical energy from one place to another. This is called current electricity or an electric current. A lightning bolt is one example of an electric current, although it does not last very long. Electric currents are also involved in powering all the electrical appliances that you use, such as washing machines, televisions, flashlights, telephones or Mp3 players. Activity One: Vocabulary Building Define the following terms Gravity: ______________________________________________________________ Black hole: _________________________________________________________________ Mass: _________________________________________________________________ Vacuum: _______________________________________________________________ Conduction: ______________________________________________________________ Convection: _______________________________________________________________ Radiation: ______________________________________________________________ Conductors: ______________________________________________________________ Insulators: _____________________________________________________________ Static Electricity: ________________________________________________________ Current Electricity: _______________________________________________________ Electric Charge: ___________________________________________________________ Activity Two: Questions of Comprehension Q 1: Why do things fall down when you throw them or drop them? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Page 3  Biotechnology READING & VOCABULARY (L1) Q 2: What is Newton's law of universal gravitation? Explain briefly. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Q3: What is Einstein’s theory of relativity? Explain briefly. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Q4: What is the difference between conduction and convection? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Q5: What is the difference between current and static electricity? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Activity Three: Grammar A) Identify the type of the following sentences 1. The Sun's gravity keeps the Earth in orbit around the Sun.................................... 2. Static electricity often happens when you rub things together. …………………… 3. A lightning bolt is one example of an electric current, although it does not last very long. …………………….. 4. An electric heater transfers heat by radiation.......................... 5. If you rub a balloon against your jumper 20 or 30 times, you will find the balloon sticks to you. ………………. B) Identify the part of speech of the underlined words in the following “Anything that has mass also has gravity. Objects with more mass have more gravity. Gravity also gets weaker with distance. So, the closer objects are to each other, the stronger their gravitational pull is.” Page 4  Biotechnology READING & VOCABULARY (L1) Activity Four: Pronunciation Classify the following words based on the pronunciation of their final ‘s’ Interacts, waves, transfers, flashlights, forces, atoms, heats, appliances, papers, particles, branches, stars, changes, physics, objects /s/ /z/ /Iz/ Page 5