Lung Function and Anatomy - Medical Notes PDF

Lung function and Anatomy Functions: 1. Gas exchange: O2 diffuses out of lungs into pulmonary capillaries, CO2 diffuses out of pulmonary capillaries into Breathing patterns: how they influence gas exchange lungs, SIMPLE DIFFUSION...

Lung function and Anatomy Functions: 1. Gas exchange: O2 diffuses out of lungs into pulmonary capillaries, CO2 diffuses out of pulmonary capillaries into Breathing patterns: how they influence gas exchange lungs, SIMPLE DIFFUSION 2. Regulation of blood pH: lungs can change blood pH faster than kidneys A normal respiratory rate for an adult is about 12-20 breaths per minute while a 3. Speech: if air didn’t pass over vocal cords = no speech normal tidal volume is about 500 mL per breath. 4. Host defence: lungs protect against illness everyday Pulmonary ventilation 5. Trapping and dissolving small blood clots: network of capillaries howmuchairenters - - tidal volume x Report the (Vz) allows for trapping of blood clots without a significant disruption Alveolar ventilation - in blood flow (VA) 6. Changing chemical messenger concentrations: ACE (angiotensin-converting enzymes)is found in [HIGH] in walls of lung capillaries Conducting (v) zone - 1 1b- Im X RR (40018) - (ISS Anatomy: Thoracic Cavity Y= Y 4590 (body weight + ur) Located underneath ribs (area called thoracic cavity) How we breathe largest airway - Diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavity Inhalation Exhalation ·met Diaphragm and intercostal muscles (small Boyles law states that pressure and volume are inversely related (one increase, other decrease) · Relax diaphragm muscles between rib bones) allow us to inhale · intrapulmonary pressure-higher and exhale Air moves from high pressure to low pressure O Diaphragm moves · external intercostals relax rest 3 lobes 2 lobes · exhale passively at Intrapulmonary pressure is the pressure of air found INSIDE the lungs. "Intra" means within, and "pulmonary" indicates lungs. Atmospheric pressure is the pressure of the air we breathe in from the muscles contract atmosphere ↳ 760 motg we cannot change our atmospheric pressure, but instead, we must change the intrapulmonary pressure to create a pressure gradient (high to low) to breathe. Respiratory zone: alveoli make up majority cell-verfewthemprofwawpSurfactant Type II epithelial Alveolar macrophage-keepawedifrefrom bacteria , viruses , design Type I epithelial -makes upcell walloaveolivery cells this O2 enters the blood CO2 leaves pulmonary capillary - , Intrapleural pressure Always less than intrapulmonary pressure (prevents lungs from collapsing) Lungs collapsing is called pneumothorax Lung Recoil has elastic tissue allows recoil Can deflate after being inflated and stretched Elastin is found in walls of alveoli Elastin contributes about 1/3 of the lung's recoil forces. The other 2/3 is due to another recoil force called surface tension. Surface tension At the surface of a liquid, surface tension almost creates an elastic membrane as water molecules at the surface adhere tightly to neighbouring water molecules. Too much surface tension is problematic pulmonary surfactant consteantly made by Type ll epithelial cells Lung disease Lung compliance complaisance = “stretchability” The lungs actually are surrounded by two very thin, Compliance = change in lung volume / change in lung pressure flexible membranes called pleural membranes. These membranes and the pressures found within them are too much recoil, resists stretch = lower lung compliance critical to prevent our lungs from collapsing. We will study lung pressures in the next session. Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome cow surfactant is used to treat premature babies, as they won’t produce enough type ll cells Medical minute emphysema (smokers disease) Damage to alveoli (important elastin found there) Decreased number of available alveoli available for gas exchange, reducing O2 in blood