PHY 1200 Foundation Physics Standards and Units Lecture Notes PDF

PHY 1200 Foundation Physics Standards and Units Mr. Vishal Hemraj Standard Units for Measurements http://selftution.com/measurement-length-kids/ Standard Units for Measurements SI units are carefully defined units that are used throughout the scientific world for measuring all quanti...

PHY 1200 Foundation Physics Standards and Units Mr. Vishal Hemraj Standard Units for Measurements http://selftution.com/measurement-length-kids/ Standard Units for Measurements SI units are carefully defined units that are used throughout the scientific world for measuring all quantities. Bases quantities are fundamental quantities whose units are used to derive all other units. (Woodside, 2019)  Base Quantities and SI Units Base Quantity SI Unit Unit abbreviation Length Meter m Mass Kilogram kg Time Second s Current Ampere A Temperature Kelvin K Amount of Substance Mole mol Luminous Intensity Candela cd Derived Quantities  Derived quantities are a combination of Base Quantities. For example, Speed is determined by dividing distance(length) by time and thus will have a derived unit, m/s.  Some derived units were used so often that it became convenient to give them their own names and symbols. Eg Newton, Joule etc. (Woodside, 2019) Example According to Newton’s Second Law of motion: If the SI unit for acceleration is , what is the derived unit for force? Solution Standard Form or Scientific Notation The human body has about 7,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms. Standard form allows us to deal with very large quantities like these or very small quantities. It represents a number as the product of a number greater than 1 and less than 10 (called the mantissa) and a power (or exponent) of 10: (Bauer & Westfield, 2011) Standard form cont… So In this case 7 is the coefficient 27 is the exponent (Bauer & Westfield, 2011) Review the Laws of Indices (Azuan, 2020) Converting from Standard Form (Azuan, 2020) Converting to Standard Form (Azuan, 2020) Rules for operating with numbers in standard form  Rule #1: when + or -, expand to standard from, operate then convert back to scientific notation  Rule #2: when multiplying, multiply the coefficients and add the exponents  Rule #3: when dividing, divide the coefficients as normal and subtract the exponent in the denominator from the numerator.  Please refer to the laws of indices for any other operations Examples Examples  Prefixes (another way to deal with large or small values) Factor Prefix Symbol Factor Prefix Symbol 10 yotta- Y 10 yocto- y 10 zetta- Z 10 zepto- z 10 exa- E 10 alto- a 10 peta- P 10 femto- f 10 tera- T 10 pico- p 10 giga- G 10 nano- n 10 mega- M 10 micro- 𝜇 10 kilo- k 10 milli- m 10 hecto- h 10 centi- c 10 deka- da 10 deci- d  References Azuan, A. (2020, January 13). Math is Everywhere!!: Topic 1: Indices. Retrieved from Math is Everywhere: http://azimazuan.blogspot.com/2016/06/indices.html Bauer, W., & Westfield, G. D. (2011). Univeristy Physics. New York: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Giancoli, D. C. (2014). Physics, Principles with Applications. Boston: Pearson Education Inc. Woodside, R. (2019). Physics: Cambridge Internationa AS and A level (Revision Guide). London: Hachette UK Company.