Philippine Literature Lesson 1 PDF

LESSON 1 Exploring Philippine Literary Forms, Genres, Elements, and Traditions OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to: Knowledge: identify literature and its various genres, forms, elements, and traditions; Skills: differentiate/compare and contrast the v...

LESSON 1 Exploring Philippine Literary Forms, Genres, Elements, and Traditions OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to: Knowledge: identify literature and its various genres, forms, elements, and traditions; Skills: differentiate/compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres and the ones from the earlier genres/periods citing their elements, structures and traditions; Attitude: express appreciation of literature by identifying its benefits through composition writing. What comes into your mind when you hear the word “Literature”?  What is Literature? Literature is derived from the Latin word "littera" which means "a letter of the alphabet“. Literature is traditionally defined as body of written works associated to imaginative and creative works of poetry and prose and can be classified according to variety of systems such as language, national origin, historical period, genre and subject matter.  What is Literature? Literature can either be in oral or written form. Literature contains specific structure. Literary structure refers to "the general features or characteristic of genre, style, a specific literary trend, literature as an art form, and finally, art as a whole" (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia). Two Major Forms of Literature  POETRY Poetry is a form of literary expression that uses rhythmic and often metaphorical language to evoke emotions, convey ideas, and explore universal themes. Poetry can be written in various forms, including sonnets, haikus, free verse, and more, reflecting different cultural traditions and artistic movements.  3 TYPES OF POETRY Narrative Poetry Dramatic Poetry This poetry tells a This is an emotionally story and has the appealing drama written in elements of a verse that tells a story and is narrative such as intended to be recited or sung characters, setting, in front of the audience by a conflict, etc. character speaking in poetry.  3 TYPES OF POETRY Lyric Poetry Focuses on expressing personal emotions and thoughts. It is often musical in nature and written in the first person. Common examples include sonnets, odes, and elegies. EXAMPLES OF NARRATIVE A long narrative poem, often written in elevated style, EPIC celebrating heroic deeds and events significant to a culture. Examples: Biag ni Lam-ang (Life of Lam-ang) Origin: Ilocano Summary: The epic tells the story of Lam-ang, a legendary hero with supernatural strength and abilities, who goes on a journey to avenge his father and find love. EXAMPLES OF NARRATIVE a form of narrative poetry, typically composed in short Ballad stanzas and meant to be sung. It often tells a dramatic, emotional story, usually about love, tragedy, or adventure. EXAMPLE: "Florante at Laura" by Francisco Balagtas Summary: Though technically a narrative poem, Florante at Laura follows many balladic traditions, telling the story of love, betrayal, and heroism. Set against the backdrop of Albania, the poem explores the sufferings of Florante, the hero, and his love for Laura amidst political strife. Themes: Love, justice, patriotism, and oppression EXAMPLES OF NARRATIVE METRICAL TALES are narrative poems that tell stories in verse form, typically written in a straightforward, less elaborate style than epics or romances. They are often about common people and their everyday lives, focusing on themes like love, adventure, and moral lessons. Example: Ibong Adarna Summary: This famous Filipino metrical tale tells the story of three princes—Pedro, Diego, and Juan—who set out on a quest to capture the magical Ibong Adarna to cure their ailing father, the king. The tale is full of challenges, trials, and moral lessons, particularly about bravery, loyalty, and justice. Themes: Heroism, betrayal, familial duty, and redemption  EXAMPLES OF DRAMATIC POETRY Soliloquy a speech delivered by a character in a play when they are alone on stage, speaking their thoughts aloud. This dramatic device allows the audience to hear the character's inner reflections, feelings, and conflicts, providing insight into their motives, emotions, and thoughts. Filipino Example of Soliloquy: Simoun’s Soliloquy in El Filibusterismo by Jose Rizal In this pivotal moment, Simoun, the revolutionary figure, reflects on his plans for vengeance and the oppression faced by his countrymen. His inner conflict is revealed as he grapples with whether to pursue violent revolution or take a different path.  EXAMPLES OF LYRIC POETRY Haiku a traditional Japanese form of poetry that consists of three lines, following a specific syllable pattern of 5-7-5. Characteristics of a Haiku: Three lines: The poem is composed of three unrhymed lines. Syllable count: The lines follow a pattern of 5 syllables in the first line, 7 in the second, and 5 in the third (5-7-5). Focus on nature: Traditional haikus often explore themes related to nature, the seasons, or the natural world.  EXAMPLES OF LYRIC POETRY Ode a type of lyrical poem that expresses praise, admiration, or intense emotion, often directed toward a particular subject, person, or concept Example of an Ode: "Ode to the Sea" by Jose Rizal This poem by Rizal, written during his exile in Dapitan, praises the beauty and power of the sea, reflecting on its vastness and the sense of freedom it inspires, while also contemplating his feelings of patriotism and longing for his homeland.  EXAMPLES OF LYRIC POETRY Elegy a type of poem or song that expresses sorrow, lamentation, or mourning, typically for someone who has died. It often reflects on themes of loss, grief, and the transient nature of life. Example: "Mi Ultimo Adios" by Jose Rizal Written just before his execution, this elegy expresses Rizal’s farewell to his country and his thoughts on his imminent death. It reflects his love for the Philippines and his hopes for its future.  EXAMPLES OF LYRIC POETRY a type of poem with a specific structure and form, traditionally Sonnet used to explore themes of love, beauty, time, and nature. Characteristics of a Sonnet: Length: A sonnet is typically 14 lines long. Rhyme Scheme: The rhyme scheme can vary depending on the type of sonnet. Common forms include: Shakespearean (or English) Sonnet: ABABCDCDEFEFGG Petrarchan (or Italian) Sonnet: ABBAABBACDCDCD or ABBAABBACDECDE Meter: Sonnets are usually written in iambic pentameter, which means each line has ten syllables, with a pattern of unstressed and stressed syllables.  EXAMPLES OF LYRIC POETRY Example of a Sonnet Shakespearean (English) Sonnet Structure: Composed of three quatrains (four-line stanzas) followed by a final rhyming couplet (two lines). PROSE a form of written or spoken language that follows natural speech patterns and grammatical structures, rather than the rhythmic and metrical patterns found in poetry. is the most common form of writing and is used in a wide range of literary and non-literary contexts.  TWO TYPES OF PROSE FICTION refers to literary works that are created from the imagination rather than based solely on real events or factual accounts. It involves invented characters, settings, and plots, although it may draw on real-life experiences or themes. EXAMPLES OF FICTION Novels: Definition: Extended works of fiction, usually over 40,000 words, with a complex plot and multiple characters. Example: "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen – A classic novel exploring themes of social class, marriage, and individual growth. Short Stories: Definition: Brief works of fiction, typically under 20,000 words, focusing on a single incident or character. Example: "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson – A short story about a small town’s unsettling tradition. Roles of Fiction Entertainment: Provides enjoyment through engaging stories and imaginative worlds. Reflection: Offers insights into human behavior, society, and personal experiences. Escape: Allows readers to explore different lives and perspectives, offering a form of escapism from everyday realities. NON-FICTION a genre of writing that deals with factual information, real events, and actual people. encompasses a wide range of formats and subjects, from biographies to essays, and is often used to convey knowledge, provide analysis, or share personal experiences. TYPES OF NON-FICTION 1. Biography: A detailed account of a person’s life, written by someone else. 2. Autobiography: A self-written account of the author’s own life. 3. Essay: A short piece of writing on a specific topic, often presenting the author's personal views or arguments. 4. Historical Writing: Works that analyze, interpret, and present historical events and figures. 5. Reference Books: Books designed to provide factual information and quick access to knowledge on specific subjects. ROLES OF NON-FICTION Education: Provides information and insights that enhance knowledge and understanding. Inspiration: Offers motivational or practical advice to improve personal or professional aspects of life. Documentation: Records and preserves historical events, personal experiences, and scientific discoveries for future reference.