PHCT Midterm Reviewer PDF

PHCT MIDTERMS Week 7: Analgesic Drugs Metabolic acidosis 1. A condition characterized by a decrease in blood pH due to an increase in acid production, a decrease in acid excretion, or a loss of bicarbonate. Respiratory alkalosis 2....

PHCT MIDTERMS Week 7: Analgesic Drugs Metabolic acidosis 1. A condition characterized by a decrease in blood pH due to an increase in acid production, a decrease in acid excretion, or a loss of bicarbonate. Respiratory alkalosis 2. A condition characterized by an elevated blood pH due to excessive loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the lungs. False 3. A decrease in prothrombin time indicates impaired liver function, as the liver is responsible for producing clotting factors. True or false? increase Hepatic encephalopathy 4. A neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting from liver dysfunction and the subsequent accumulation of neurotoxic substances in the bloodstream. Prothrombin 5. A plasma protein produced in the liver in the presence of vitamin K and converted into thrombin by blood coagulation. Reye’s syndrome 6. A rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain which affects children with viral infection that use aspirin. Hemoperfusion 7. A technique used to remove toxic substances from the bloodstream by passing blood through an adsorbent material. False 8. Acute ingestion of 60 mg/kg/day of salicylate will produce mild intoxication. True or false? 150-200 mg/kg True 9. Acute ingestion of more than 140 mg/kg in children or 6 g in adults of acetaminophen is potentially hepatotoxic. True or false? 15 g 10. Amount of acetaminophen that can cause severe hepatotoxicity with centrilobular necrosis. Metoclopramide 11. Antiemetic used to manage vomiting prior to administration of antidote and activated charcoal. True 12. Chronic alcohol consumption induces the activity of cytochrome P-450 enzymes, particularly CYP2E1, and this leads to increased conversion of acetaminophen to its toxic metabolite. True or false? Vitamin K 13. Commonly used in the treatment of hypoprothrombinemia. True 14. Hemodialysis is effective in patients with chronic intoxication of salicylates. True or false? False 15. Hemoperfusion is the first line treatment for acetaminophen overdose. True or false? False 16. Ipecac-induced emesis may be useful for the initial treatment of acetaminophen poisoning in children at home if it can be given within 4 hours of exposure. True or false? within 30 minutes of exposure. Ketorolac 17. NSAID alternative to morphine for mild surgical procedures. Hematemesis 18. Refers to the medical condition where there is vomiting of blood. N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine 19. The toxicity of acetaminophen primarily involves its metabolism in the liver and the subsequent formation of a toxic metabolite known as: Alanine aminotransferase 20-21. These enzymes are released from damaged hepatocytes into the bloodstream. Aspartate aminotransferase N-acetylcysteine 22. This drug is a precursor of cysteine, which is necessary for glutathione synthesis. Glutathione 23. Toxic metabolite of acetaminophen is detoxified by conjugation with this substance, a naturally occurring antioxidant in the liver, to form non-toxic conjugates that are excreted. Ketorolac 24. Used as an alternative to morphine for mild surgical procedures. Sodium bicarbonate 25. Used to treat metabolic acidosis and to alkalinize the urine in salicylate poisoning. Week 8: Chemotherapeutic Drugs False 1. Administration of activated charcoal and induction of emesis are effective way for decontamination in isoniazid poisoning. True or false? Do not induce emesis because of the risk of rapid onset of coma and seizures. Cinchonism 2. A condition characterized by tinnitus, headache, nausea, dizziness, and sometimes even visual disturbances. Hemolytic anemia 3. A condition in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced. Amantadine 4. A medication that has antiviral and antiparkinsonian properties. Methylene blue 5. A medication used in the treatment of methemoglobinemia. Dantrolene 6. A muscle relaxant that helps reduce muscle rigidity and hyperthermia in neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Leucovorin 7. Also known as folinic acid. Amodiaquine 8. An antimalarial drug that can potentially cause fatal neutropenia. Mefloquine 9. An antimalarial drug that can cause dizziness and vertigo as side effects, both at therapeutic doses and in cases of overdose. Sodium bicarbonate 10. Cardiotoxicity caused by quinidine poisoning can be treated by: Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole 11. Component of co-trimoxazole. Dihydrofolate reductase 12. Enzyme inhibited by trimethoprim. Leprosy 13. Hansen’s disease is also known as: Epinephrine 14. Hypotension caused by chloroquine and aminoquinoline can be treated by? True 15. If the drug is extensively distributed into body tissues rather than staying in the bloodstream, it is difficult for dialysis to effectively clear the drug from the body. True or false? True 16. Isoniazid can cause hepatitis. True or false? 30-50 mg/kg 17. Lethal dose range of chloroquine for an adult. 3-4 g 18. Minimum toxic dose range of quinine in adults. 80-150 mg/kg 19. The dose range of isoniazid that can cause severe toxicity. Sulfhemoglobinemia 20. This condition occurs when dapsone metabolites sulfate the pyrrole hemoglobin ring; an irreversible reaction, and there is no antidote. Pyridoxine 21. This drug helps prevent or mitigate the risk of peripheral neuropathy, a common side effect of isoniazid. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 22. This enzyme helps protect red blood cells from damage and premature destruction. Leucovorin 23. This is a form of folic acid that bypasses this inhibition and helps restore normal folate levels, thus mitigating the toxic effects on bone marrow and other rapidly dividing cells. Stellate ganglion block 24. A medical procedure used to block the sympathetic nerves located at the level of the C6 or C7 vertebrae in the neck by injecting a local anesthetic, which is part of the sympathetic nervous system in the cervical spine. False 25. Severe chloroquine overdose can cause hyperkalemia. True or false? hypokalemia 17