May University Pharmacology PT Lecture 2 PDF

Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 May University Subject: Pharmacology-1 Course Code: BAS 301 Faculty of Physical Therapy Academic year: 2024/2025 Basic Science Department...

Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 May University Subject: Pharmacology-1 Course Code: BAS 301 Faculty of Physical Therapy Academic year: 2024/2025 Basic Science Department Fall Semester Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 Lecture-2 PHARMACOKINETICS & PHARMACODYNAMICS Dr. Samah Shehata Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 PHARMACODYNAMICS Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 PHARMACOKINETICS Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 IMPORTANT DEFINITION  Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 ABSORPTION It is the transfer of the therapeutic agent from its site of administration to the blood stream (directly or indirectly). The rates & efficiency of absorption depend on the route of administration. Determination of the bioavailability  Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 DISTRIBUTION Reversible distribution of the therapeutic agent from blood stream into interstitial & intracellular fluids. Binding of drugs to proteins: albumin (drug reservoir). Drug competition for protein binding. Class I & Class II drugs: The dose /binding capacity ratio  Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 MAJOR BARRIERS AGAINST DRUG DISTRIBUTION 1- Cell membrane of intestine. 2- Blood capillaries. 3- Blood brain barriers.  Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 METABOLISM ▪ The process of metabolism transforms lipophilic drugs into hydrophilic readily excretable products. ▪ The liver is the major site for drug metabolism, but specific drugs may undergo biotransformation in other tissues, such as the kidney and the intestines.  Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 ELIMINATION ▪ The drug and its metabolites are removed from the body in urine, bile, or feces. Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 IMPORTANT DEFINITION Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 You can watch this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Glu_T6DQuLU Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024  Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 Enzyme-linked receptors Mechanism: Ligand binds receptor molecules, causing two of them to dimerize The kinase activity of one molecule catalyzes transfer of phosphate from ATP to the tyrosines of the other and vice versa Dimerized and phosphorylated = Active receptor protein → recognized by intracellular proteins that subsequently become active Active intracellular proteins, called “Relay proteins”, stimulate pathways in the cell Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 Enzyme-linked receptors Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024  Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION ▪ The route of drug administration is determined by: 1- The properties of the drug. 2- The therapeutic objectives.  Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024 ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION ▪ The major routes of drug administration are: A-Enteral: Oral administration (PO), Sublingual and buccal administration & Rectal administration. B-Parenteral: Intravenous (IV), Intramuscular (IM), Subcutaneous (SC) & other. C- Other: Transdermal, Topical, Inhalation Dr.Samah Shehata 10/10/2024