Pharmacology of Skin Medication PDF

PHARMACOLOGY OF TOPICAL MEDICATION DERMATOPHARMACOLOGY Pharmacology and therapeutics II Integrated Master in Veterinary Medicine 2024-25 Ana Oliveira, MV, MsC, Dip ECVD, PhD EBVS European Specialist in Veterinary Dermatology DERMATOPHARMACOLOGY Topical products are commonl...

PHARMACOLOGY OF TOPICAL MEDICATION DERMATOPHARMACOLOGY Pharmacology and therapeutics II Integrated Master in Veterinary Medicine 2024-25 Ana Oliveira, MV, MsC, Dip ECVD, PhD EBVS European Specialist in Veterinary Dermatology DERMATOPHARMACOLOGY Topical products are commonly used with 2 purposes: Maintenance of the skin and hair health For the treatment of certain conditions DERMATOPHARMACOLOGY Products with antinflammatory and anti-pruritic action: - Colloidal oatmeal - Essential fatty acids (mainly omega-3) - Diphenidramide - Phytosphigosine - Pramoxine hydrogen chloride - Glucocorticoids Colloidal oatmeal Colloidal oatmeal has unique properties in that it can be used topically as both an antinflammatory and antipruritic agent. At this time, however, scientists are concerned about its mechanism of action. It is thought that perhaps it inhibits prostaglandin production. Very safe. Can be used in lotions, shampoos, conditioner and sprays. Essential fatty acids: omega-3 and omega-6 These products are commonly used for their antipruritic and antiinflammatory properties. They tend to help skin problems such as atopic dermatitis, sebaceous adenitis, and seborrhea. Some of these products have natural oils in them, which also may help skin problems. Essential fatty acids (omega 3) affect arachidonic acid levels and also affect the production of prostaglandins in the body, which can reduce inflammation and pruritus. Essential oils also help to create healthy skin. Can be used in sprays, spot-on, shampoo and rinse. Very safe. Diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine that has some local anesthetic properties. This drug can be absorbed transdermally but not enough to cause systemic effects. Mainly used has spray or cream. Phytosphigosine Phytosphingosine is useful in treating localized inflammatory and pruritic cases such as atopic dermatitis. It can also be sprayed on sutures postoperatively to aid in the wound healing process. Can be used in shampoo, mousse, spray or spot-on. Adverse Side Effects. This product may cause skin redness or irritation rarely. Pramoxine hydrogen chloride This agent has the ability to cause surface and local anesthetic characteristics, which can affect the peripheral nerves. It may be combined with other products to reduce pain or itching. At this time, scientists are unclear of this drug’s mechanism of action. Avoid contact with the eyes. This agent is not for ophthalmic use. Gloves should be worn when applying these products. Can be used in shampoo, spray or lotion. TOPICAL ZINC Zinc has an anti-inflamatóry and calming effect on the skin. Zinc also improves the healing of the cutaneous barrier. It has a mild antibacterial effect. Creams and lotions with zinc are commonly used in veterinary medicine and are considered safe. Topical glucocorticoids Topical corticosteroids are used in conjunction with other treatments for localized itching or inflammatory conditions. Priority should be given to less potent glucocorticoids like prednisolone. Betamethasone is very potent glucocorticoid and should be used after other products have been tried because of the higher risk ok skin atrophy. Hydrocortisone aceponate is a potent (aceponate increases the potency of hydrocortisone) di-ester that is metabolized in the skin. Formulations: sprays, cream and ointments. Glucocorticoid skin atrophy with prolonged use wikipedia commons DERMATOPHARMACOLOGY Products with an antimicrobial action: - Benzoyl peroxide - Chlorhexidine - Ethyl lactate - Octenidine - Iodine (iodopovidone) Benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl peroxide products are used topically as gels or shampoos. The shampoo products are usually used in cases involving oily skin, pyodermas, furunculosis, generalized demodicosis, and Schnauzer comedo syndrome (Plumb, 2015). Gels are used for treating pyodermas, chin acne, and localized demodex lesions. Benzoyl peroxide has antimicrobial actions. Can cause contact dermatitis. Chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine has residual effect for 48 hours. Chlorhexidine is used as a topical antiseptic for disinfection of wounds, to manage skin infections and used as a surgical scrub. It does not seem to have much efficacy against Pseudomonas or Serratia spp. (Plumb, 2015). This efficient in the treatment of bacterial skin infections and in case of Malassezia dermatitis. Chlorhexidine is available as a solution, scrub, shampoo, ointment, and spray Ethyl lactate This is useful in treating bacterial skin infections and superficial pyodermas. Available has a shampoo. Erythema, pain, and itching are possible. Avoid contact in eyes. BATHING A PATIENT