Pharmacology Pregnancy Categories PDF

Bethlehem University ITS Support **Pharmacology** **PREGNANCY CATEGORIES** **By : Sondos Amro** **Supervisor : Ala\'a Badwan** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** During pregnancy, the health and safety of both...

Bethlehem University ITS Support **Pharmacology** **PREGNANCY CATEGORIES** **By : Sondos Amro** **Supervisor : Ala\'a Badwan** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** During pregnancy, the health and safety of both the mother and the developing fetus are of utmost importance, particularly when it comes to medication use. Medications that may be safe for the general population can pose significant risks during pregnancy. To help guide healthcare providers and pregnant women in making informed decisions, various pregnancy category systems have been developed to classify drugs based on their potential to cause harm to the fetus. These categories, such as those previously used by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), help in assessing the risk-to-benefit ratio of medication use during pregnancy. This assignment explores the different pregnancy categories, their significance, and examples of drug for each category.  +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Drugs | **Details** | **Interpretatio | **Category** | | examples** | | n** | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | Folic acid | Adequate and | Human studies | **A** | | | well-controlled | show no risk | | | Doxylamine | studies have | | | | | failed to | | | | Isoniazid | demonstrate a | | | | | risk to the | | | | | fetus in the | | | | | first trimester | | | | | of pregnancy | | | | | (and there is | | | | | no evidence of | | | | | risk in later | | | | | trimesters). | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Amoxicillin | Animal | No evidence of | **B** | | | reproduction | risk in studies | | | Ceftriaxone | studies have | | | | | failed to | | | | Mupirocin | demonstrate a | | | | | risk to the | | | | | fetus and there | | | | | are no adequate | | | | | and | | | | | well-controlled | | | | | studies in | | | | | pregnant women. | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Ethambutol | Animal | Risk cannot be | **C** | | | reproduction | ruled out | | | Delamaind | studies have | | | | | shown an | | | | Pyrazinamide | adverse effect | | | | | on the fetus | | | | | and there are | | | | | no adequate and | | | | | well-controlled | | | | | studies in | | | | | humans, but | | | | | potential | | | | | benefits may | | | | | warrant use of | | | | | the drug in | | | | | pregnant women | | | | | despite | | | | | potential | | | | | risks. | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Gentamicin | There is | Positive | **D** | | | positive | evidence of | | | Phenytoin | evidence of | risk | | | | human fetal | | | | Aspirin | risk based on | | | | | adverse | | | | | reaction data | | | | | from | | | | | investigational | | | | | or marketing | | | | | experience or | | | | | studies in | | | | | humans, but | | | | | potential | | | | | benefits may | | | | | warrant use of | | | | | the drug in | | | | | pregnant women | | | | | despite | | | | | potential | | | | | risks. | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Ulipristal | Studies in | Contraindicated | **X** | | | animals or | in pregnancy | | | Vaproate | humans have | | | | | demonstrated | | | | Oxytocin | fetal | | | | | abnormalities | | | | | and/or there is | | | | | positive | | | | | evidence of | | | | | human fetal | | | | | risk based on | | | | | adverse | | | | | reaction data | | | | | from | | | | | investigational | | | | | or marketing | | | | | experience, and | | | | | the risks | | | | | involved in use | | | | | of the drug in | | | | | pregnant women | | | | | clearly | | | | | outweigh | | | | | potential | | | | | benefits. | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+