PF3104/IPM4102 L3 Project Execution Scheduling - Methods PDF

PF3104/IPM4102 Project Execution Lecture 3: Project Execution Scheduling - Methods Professor HWANG Bon-Gang (Dr.) Dept. of the Built Environment, College of Design & Engineering  Today’s Topics Introduction & Scheduling Methods (G8; N3,4&13) (Che...

PF3104/IPM4102 Project Execution Lecture 3: Project Execution Scheduling - Methods Professor HWANG Bon-Gang (Dr.) Dept. of the Built Environment, College of Design & Engineering  Today’s Topics Introduction & Scheduling Methods (G8; N3,4&13) (Checklist, Daily To-Do List, Planner, Bar Chart, Linear Balance & Matrix) 2  Scheduling Methods - Intro A tool to manage, coordinate, control, and report various activities to be done for the project completion. Communicate thoughts and plans on the activities. Force the project team to follow the plans. Flexible to changes.  Plans are subject to modifications & changes  Consider the level of flexibility to changes and modifications Vary depending on who will use 3  Scheduling Methods - Intro Selection Criteria:  Project Size, Complexity, No. of Activities, Users, Level of Details…. “It is imperative to select appropriate schedule methods to better manage and control the entire project”. 4 Scheduling Methods Checklists Daily To-Do Lists Electronic Planners Scheduling Boards Bar Charts Linear or Line of Balance Matrix Schedules … 5  Scheduling Methods – Checklists The most basic type A list of steps Help to remember & execute details of a project Avoid delays and losses in productivity Example? “Shopping List” 6  Checklists - Example Activities Office Building – Interior Finishes Tools & Equip. for Finishing Concrete Slabs 1 Install Metal Stud Partitions Shovels, Square Mouth & Round Nose Not just activities 2 Rough Mech., Elect, & Plumb Concrete Rakes Vibratory Screed 3 Inspection Tools & Equipment required to 4 Insulate Bull Float Hand Floats, Magnesium & Wooden do specific activities 5 Install Drywall Steel Trowels 5 X 24 & 3 X 12 6 Finish Drywall Margin Trowel Tools and equipment prepared 7 Paint Drywall Edgers, Hand before starting the work Edger, Walking 8 Carpentry Trim (prefinished) Knee Pads Missing anything in the list will 9 Wallpaper Kneeling Boards cause DELAYS and affect 10 Carpet Brooms PRODUCTIVITY 11 Hang Doors Curing Compound 12 Install Hardware Sprayer, Curing Activity Checklist: Interior Finishing Equipment Checklist: Concrete Finishing 7  Land Development Process Planned Actual Activity Description Notes Date Date Preconstruction Checklists - Example Prel. Design/Units, Lots, Streets Prel. Approval/Local Govt’s Engineering – Hydrology Survey, Topo, Aerial Control Planning Process/Rezoning Lot, Street Alignment Add columns to the basic Final Plat, Submit for Approval Grading Plans checklist format Street, Drainage Design Sewer, Water Design Soil Percolation Tests Compare Planned vs. Actual As Stake Plans Legal Documents Sanitation Approval Identify, manage and Survey and Stake-out Bidding/Contracts Let control the PROGRESS Construction Site Grading Completed Sewers Constructed Inspection Water System Constructed Inspection Drain Culverts In Underground Electric Done Street Lighting Rough-in Street Grading Curbing Done Street Paving Done Lot Corners/Restake Street Lighting Finished Finish Grade Clean-up Check List for Land Development (Tabular Schedule) 8  Checklists - Example OWNER CARLSON CORFIELD VARLEY PETERSON MCLOUD LUKE Automated Checklist using PROJECT # C05-6 C05-9 T05-1 C05-10 T05-2 T05-3 ADDRESS 446 E 3225 N 285 E 3250 N 326 Riverway 1326 Ivy 2825 Mountain 3290 Ridgeway Excel. FRAME START DATE FRAME 2 Tue 2/15 Wed 2/16 Tue 2/22 Wed 2/23 Tue 3/1 Wed 3/2 Mon 3/7 Tue 3/8 Tue 3/15 Wed 3/16 Mon 3/21 Tue 3/22 FRAME 3 Thu 2/17 Thu 2/24 Thu 3/3 Wed 3/9 Thu 3/17 Wed 3/23 FRAME 4 Fri 2/18 Fri 2/25 Fri 3/4 Thu 3/10 Fri 3/18 Thu 3/24 “House Building Project” FRAME 5 FRAME 6 FRAME 7 Mon 2/21 Tue 2/22 Wed 2/23 Mon 2/28 Tue 3/1 Wed 3/2 Mon 3/7 Tue 3/8 Wed 3/9 Fri 3/11 Mon 3/14 Tue 3/15 Mon 3/21 Tue 3/22 Wed 3/23 Fri 3/25 Mon 3/28 Tue 3/29  Characteristic? FRAME 8 FRAME 9 Thu 2/24 Fri 2/25 Thu 3/3 Fri 3/4 Thu 3/10 Fri 3/11 Wed 3/16 Thu 3/17 Thu 3/24 Fri 3/25 Wed 3/30 Thu 3/31  “Repetitive””” FRAME 10 FRAME 11 Mon 2/28 Tue 3/1 Mon 3/7 Tue 3/8 Mon 3/14 Tue 3/15 Fri 3/18 Mon 3/21 Mon 3/28 Tue 3/29 Fri 4/1 Mon 4/4 FRAME 12 Wed 3/2 Wed 3/9 Wed 3/16 Tue 3/22 Wed 3/30 Tue 4/5 RGH PLUMBING & HVAC 1 Thu 3/3 Thu 3/10 Thu 3/17 Wed 3/23 Thu 3/31 Wed 4/6 Once developed for the RGH PLUMBING & HVAC 2 RGH ELECTRICAL 1 RGH ELECTRICAL2 Fri 3/4 Mon 3/7 Tue 3/8 Fri 3/11 Mon 3/14 Tue 3/15 Fri 3/18 Mon 3/21 Tue 3/22 Thu 3/24 Fri 3/25 Mon 3/28 Fri 4/1 Mon 4/4 Tue 4/5 Thu 4/7 Fri 4/8 Mon 4/11 first house construction, FOUR-WAYA.M. /INSULATE P.M. STOCK DW A.M. /HANG DW 1 P.M. HANG DW 2 Wed 3/9 Thu 3/10 Fri 3/11 Wed 3/16 Thu 3/17 Fri 3/18 Wed 3/23 Thu 3/24 Fri 3/25 Tue 3/29 Wed 3/30 Thu 3/31 Wed 4/6 Thu 4/7 Fri 4/8 Tue 4/12 Wed 4/13 Thu 4/14 then copy the schedule, TAPE 1 TAPE 2 TAPE 3 Mon 3/14 Tue 3/15 Mon 3/21 Tue 3/22 Mon 3/28 Tue 3/29 Fri 4/1 Mon 4/4 Mon 4/11 Tue 4/12 Fri 4/15 Mon 4/18 changing the start date. Wed 3/16 Wed 3/23 Wed 3/30 Tue 4/5 Wed 4/13 Tue 4/19 TEXTURE Thu 3/17 Thu 3/24 Thu 3/31 Wed 4/6 Thu 4/14 Wed 4/20 FINISH CARPENTRY 1 Fri 3/18 Fri 3/25 Fri 4/1 Thu 4/7 Fri 4/15 Thu 4/21 FINISH CARPENTRY 2 Mon 3/21 Mon 3/28 Mon 4/4 Fri 4/8 Mon 4/18 Fri 4/22 PAINT 1 Tue 3/22 Tue 3/29 Tue 4/5 Mon 4/11 Tue 4/19 Mon 4/25 An excel function that PAINT2 PAINT 3 /DECK/ GARAGE STAIRS CABINETS Wed 3/23 Thu 3/24 Fri 3/25 Wed 3/30 Thu 3/31 Fri 4/1 Wed 4/6 Thu 4/7 Fri 4/8 Tue 4/12 Wed 4/13 Thu 4/14 Wed 4/20 Thu 4/21 Fri 4/22 Tue 4/26 Wed 4/27 Thu 4/28 generates this type of CAB TOPS / GARAGE DOOR APPLIANCES/ C.TILE / HDWR FIN PLMB & ELECT Mon 3/28 Tue 3/29 Wed 3/30 Mon 4/4 Tue 4/5 Wed 4/6 Mon 4/11 Tue 4/12 Wed 4/13 Fri 4/15 Mon 4/18 Tue 4/19 Mon 4/25 Tue 4/26 Wed 4/27 Fri 4/29 Mon 5/2 Tue 5/3 schedule very easily. FIN HVAC FINAL INSECTION Thu 3/31 Fri 4/1 Mon 4/4 Thu 4/7 Fri 4/8 Mon 4/11 Thu 4/14 Fri 4/15 Wed 4/20 Thu 4/21 Fri 4/22 Thu 4/28 Fri 4/29 Mon 5/2 Wed 5/4 Thu 5/5 Fri 5/6 CARPET Mon 4/18 FINAL CLEAN /SCREENS Tue 4/5 Tue 4/12 Tue 4/19 Mon 4/25 Tue 5/3 Mon 5/9 TOUCH UP Wed 4/6 Wed 4/13 Wed 4/20 Tue 4/26 Wed 5/4 Tue 5/10 PUNCH LIST Thu 4/7 Thu 4/14 Thu 4/21 Wed 4/27 Thu 5/5 Wed 5/11 WALK-THRU Fri 4/8 Fri 4/15 Fri 4/22 Thu 4/28 Fri 5/6 Thu 5/12 9 Scheduling Methods – Daily To-Do Lists 10  Scheduling Methods – Daily To-Do Lists A prioritized list of To-Do List Date activities Priority A7 Activity Call Bill @ Beaner Concrete A4 Test Asphalt Write Activities C2 Check Repair on Scraper D1 Schedule Maintenance of Cat #306 Prioritize Activities A3 A10 Send Flowers to Wife Check Compaction of Exit 38  A: Must C1 A6 Check Soil Reports of SR 208 Get Check to Frank A11  B: Should C3 Call Jayson about Football Tickets Call L&M Travel about DC Trip A8  C: Could B4 Buy Shotgun Shells Check Status of Portable Concrete Plant D3 Order Hydraulic Ram  D: Might B1 Order the Dozer Cushion Blade B3 Calculate Haul Units on Project #2005-56  Then, 1, 2, 3…. A9 Check on Delivery of Piles B2 Estimate Asphalt Production for Next Week A5 Order Ribbed Tires for the Backhoe A2 Get the Fuel Tank Refilled A1 Check with Fred on the Condition of the Fuel Tank Prioritized Daily To-Do List 11 Scheduling Methods – Electronic Planners Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) -> Smart Phone & Pads Easy to Update, Handy Info. & Tools, Save Time Training Required??? -> Time and Money The updated info sent to a main database controlling schedule -> Make the schedule updated automatically Became available thru development of the wireless internet system. ? 12  Scheduling Methods – Electronic Planners Example: Daily progress check  No pen & No paper-based drawings & specifications  Pull out appropriate information at any time & anywhere  Record the progress or any problems or even plans for tomorrow.  The updated info sent to the main computer  Do not have to work on the updated info when going back to your offices. vs. 13  Scheduling Methods – Scheduling Boards Arrange & visualize activities Easy to access  What to do  Where to do  When to do  Progresses… What about changes? Magnetic Board Digital Board 14  Scheduling Methods Checklists “Simplicity” Force detailed thinking Daily To-Do Lists & planning; and Communicate that Planners thinking & planning to everyone involved Scheduling Boards in the project” 15 Scheduling Methods Checklists Daily To-Do Lists Planners Scheduling Boards Bar Charts Linear or Line of Balance Matrix Schedules … 16  Scheduling Methods – Bar Chart World War I by Henry L. Gantt to Plan & control military operations Gantt Chart / Gantt Schedule Simple, quick, easy to understand & inexpensive Planning stage to estimate the Overall Project Duration Compare Planned vs. Actual Bar Chart (Computerized) 17 Bar Charts - Example Planned Overall Length of Footing Work Planned Duration of Each Project Component with Start & Finish Dates 18  Bar Charts - Example Any Problem / Disadvantages? “Interdependencies & Changes” Delay…Impacts? Defined Relationship? 19  Scheduling Methods – Bar Charts Creating Bar Charts  Work Day vs. Calendar Date  Activities in Chronological Order  Duration (Start and Finish Dates) Guess or Assumptions? Productivity, Resource, Experience, ETC.  Start on the same day -> the one with the earliest finish date first Bar Chart (Gant Chart Excel Template) 20  Scheduling Methods – Bar Charts Example: Bar Chart Schedule for the Construction of a Small-Home Month July August September Calendar Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Work Day 1 2 3 H 4 W W 5 6 7 8 9 W W 10 11 12 13 14 W W 15 16 17 18 19 W W 20 21 21 23 24 W W 25 26 27 28 29 W W 30 31 32 33 34 W W 35 36 37 38 39 W W 40 41 42 43 44 W W H 45 46 47 48 W W Survey Install Temp. Power Excavate FRIP Footings Termite Treatment Frips Foundation Strip, WP & Plstr. Fdn Cure Foundation Plumb Sub Slab Inst. Window Wells Form Bsmt. Slab Back Fill & Rough Grade Pour Basement Slab Settle Foundation Soil Frame & Install Windows Final Grade Exterior Concrete Install Roofing Rough HVAC Rough Plumbing Masonry Rough Electrical 4-Way Inspection Wall Insulation Exterior Trim Drywall Tape & Finish Paint Exterior Install Rain Gutters Insulate Ceiling Interior Carpentry Finish Landscape Paint Interior Install Hardware Electrical Finish Cabinets Ceramic Tile Baths Cabinet Tops Vinyl Flooring Carpets Appliances Finish Plumbing Finish HVAC Clean up Final Inspection 21  Bar Charts – Example (Plan vs Actual) Month July Calendar Date 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Work Day 1 2 3 H 4 W W 5 6 7 8 9 W W 10 11 12 13 14 W W 15 16 17 18 19 W W 20 21 21 Survey Blue = Original Plan Red= Actual Install Temp. Power Excavate FRIP Footings Termite Treatment Frips Foundation Strip, WP & Plstr. Fdn Cure Foundation Plumb Sub Slab Inst. Window Wells Form Bsmt. Slab 22 Scheduling Methods – Linear Balance Line of balance Origin from the manufacturing industry Bar Chart w/ interrelationships Start Buffer: Gaps between start dates Finish Buffer: Gaps between finish dates “Repetitive Operations”  Efficient when developing schedules for repetitive Linear Balance Schedule activities such as apartments, condos, or houses. 23  Linear Balance - Steps 1) Identify Activities 2) Estimate activity production rates 3) Develop activity sequence 4) Create a velocity diagram for the first activity 5) Add the velocity diagram for each additional activity 6) Look for conflicts and buffers 24  Linear Balance - Example A project for laying 5,000 feet of pipeline Production Rate Duration for Activity (Feet per Day) 5,000 Feet Survey & Layout 500 10 Clear & Grub 400 13 Trench 200 25 Lay Pipe 300 17 Backfill 250 20 25 Scheduling Methods – Linear Balance What does the Slope mean? Activity Production Rate (Feet per Day) Duration for 5,000 Feet Survey & Layout 500 10  “Production Rate” Clear & Grub Trench 400 200 13 25 Lay Pipe 300 17 Backfill 250 20 26  Scheduling Methods – Linear Balance What does the inconstant slope mean? Activity Production Rate (Feet per Day) Duration for 5,000 Feet Survey & Layout 500 10  Production Rate Change Clear & Grub 400 13 Trench 200 25 Lay Pipe 300 17 Backfill 250 20 27 Scheduling Methods – Linear Balance What if “Lay Pipe” starts too early? How to solve this problem? 28  Scheduling Methods – Linear Balance Time Buffer Draw the line backwards from the finish date to determine the start date What else?  Suspend “Lay Pipe”  Adjust the production rate of “Trench” -> How? “To forecast and avoid such conflicts” 29  Scheduling Methods – Linear Balance Buffers  Time buffer: amount of time, Horizontally, between activities at any given point  Space Buffer: amount of time, Vertically, between activities at any given point  The closer the two lines are together, the greater the risks  Why? 30 Scheduling Methods – Linear Balance Any Observation? 31  Scheduling Methods – Matrix Interdependencies Repetitive Operations More Details  Start & Finish Dates  Responsibilities  Process Planned Actual Start 4/5/09 6/5/09 Finish 6/5/09 9/5/09 Duration 2 3 Matrix Schedule (High-Rise Office Building) 32  Scheduling Methods Coordination / Communication / Bar Charts Presentation Linear or Line of Balance Easily Understood by Matrix Schedules Nontechnical People Specific Tasks / Due Dates Predecessors & Successors 33