PETE 290 Fall 2024 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering PDF

INTRODUCTION Topic 01 » Instructor Dr. Musaab Magzoub Elhag FA L L 2 0 2 4 Department Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Email [email protected] Introduction What is...

INTRODUCTION Topic 01 » Instructor Dr. Musaab Magzoub Elhag FA L L 2 0 2 4 Department Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Email [email protected] Introduction What is Engineering? It is the application of math and science to create efficient, safe, and economical design that improves human life. What does an engineer do? Design, evaluate, develop, test, modify, install, inspect, supervise, and maintain products and systems. PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag Petroleum Engineering Engineering Discipline That involves the process of studying, designing, implementing techniques and executing projects to recover the petroleum fluids that located underneath the surface of the earth, then send it to the downstream sector (refineries and export facilities). This discipline is based on the foundation of mathematics, physics, geology, chemistry, and economy. Petroleum engineering overlaps with many other engineering disciplines. Such as civil, electrical, industrial, chemical, and mechanical engineering. PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag Objectives of a Petroleum Engineer The main goal of a petroleum engineer is to maximize petroleum recovery and minimize the cost associated with it, taking into consideration the environmental impacts. Petroleum engineer designs, tests, and implements methods of recovering petroleum from the underground, and participates in confirming the existence of commercial oil and gas, designating drilling sites, and designing products by combining their efforts with the efforts of other engineering disciplines, and helping to develop software in order to monitor equipment and its operation, and simulate the flow of oil and gas through the reservoir and pipe lines, developing the field, and overseeing the extraction and processing of petroleum. PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag Why Petroleum Engineering? Really, Why petroleum engineering is a unique discipline? Deals with something stored below the surface of the earth since millions of years. Lack of data to analyse. PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 5 So, what does it mean? What is petroleum? The term “petroleum” is a combination of two different words creating from Greek and Latin languages as follows: Petra = Rock (Stone) (Greek) Oleum = Oil (Latin) PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 6 Definition What is petroleum? Petroleum is also called Hydrocarbons as it is made of hydrogen (about 13%) and carbon (about 85%). It is a complex mixture of naturally occurring hydrocarbons and some non-hydrocarbons that may exist as gas, liquid, or solid depending on the pressure and temperature to which is subjected. The hydrocarbon that found underground the earth is called Gas = Natural gas Liquid = Crude oil Solid = Tar PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 7 Where did petroleum come from? Inorganic: state that petroleum comes from chemical reaction between water and carbides or carbonate rocks. (little support) Organic: from the decomposition of organisms (plants, and animals) under the condition of heat, pressure, and bacteria actions over long time. (much support) PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 8 Origin of Petroleum Theory It is considered a non-renewable fossil fuel, since it took millions of years to form, as it was formed from the decomposition of the remains of organic organisms over the years and exposing them to intense heat and pressure. PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 9 Hydrocarbon Generation Organic Matter When an organism (plan or animal) dies, it is normally oxidized Organic matter is buried and preserved in sediments under exceptional conditions The composition of the organic matter strongly influences whether it can generate coal, oil, or gas Basic Component of Organic Matter in Sediments Proteins Carbohydrates + Time + Temperature + Pressure = Kerogen Lipids (Fats) Lignin PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 10 Petroleum Systems The Petroleum System consists of a: 1. Source rock: The rock that contains massive amounts of organic materials (cooking pot). 2. Migration: The movement of hydrocarbons from their source into reservoir rocks due to pressure and earth activities. 3. Reservoir rock: The rock that contains the hydrocarbon. (Porous and Permeable). 4. Trap: Porous and permeable formation surrounded by impermeable formation (cap rock) (Seal rock). PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 11 Petroleum System Process PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 12 Reservoir Rock What is the meaning of Porosity and Permeability? Porosity Permeability The storage The conductance of the capacity of the rock. rock. [Connectivity [percentage of the between the pores] open space (pores) in the rock] PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 13 Petroleum Reservoirs What is the petroleum reservoir? A pool or an accumulation of hydrocarbons in porous rock formations buried several feet underground. One or more reservoirs is called field. PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 14 Petroleum Engineering Disciplines Petroleum engineer can specialize in one of three subdisciplines Reservoir Engineering Drilling Engineering Production Engineering Measure the volume of hydrocarbon Connect the reservoir with the Manage hydrocarbon fluids flow in the reservoir and study how much surface production facilities by between the reservoir and the well to can be recovered. supervising the drilling and the facilities. completing wells operations. Optimize production using an Optimize and handle surface understanding of fluid flow in the equipment. reservoir, well placement, production rates, and recovery techniques. PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 15 What does Petroleum Industry do? Petroleum industry deals with 01 02 The exploration of Producing the petroleum and petroleum fluid to the reaching it surface 03 04 Transporting the Refining petroleum petroleum fluid to the and Producing raw refinery and export material through facilities petrochemical plants PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 16 Petroleum Industry at a Glance PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 17 Oil Producing Countries PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 18 Timeline The world’s first oil well was drilled in First shipment Pennsylvania, First well First well of crude oil called Drake drilled in GCC, drilled in UAE, from Das Well 1908 Bahrain 1935 in Abu Dhabi 1958 Island First Middle Geologic First oil 1859 Eastern well 1931 exploration for 1950 discovery in 1962 drilled in Iran oil started in the UAE, in Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi UAE Established in 1971 PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 19  UAE Oil & Gas Fields PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 20 SPE The Society of Petroleum Engineers: Is the largest professional society for petroleum engineers. The mission of the society is to collect, publish and exchange technical information about the industry. It provides opportunities for professionals to enhance their technical and professional skill. Scan or click to become a member PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 21 Journey of Generations (Video) Source: https://adnoc.ae/en/our-story/our-heritage/ PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 22 Next Class… Topic 2 » PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 23 Any Questions?… PETE-290 Fall 2024 Topic 01: Introduction Nature and Origin of Petroleum Dr. Musaab Elhag 24