Personality Disorder PDF

Personality disorders Dr. Madawi Alotaibi  Personality S ÑE x  trust the lint Personality is that thing develop There are three enduring co...

Personality disorders Dr. Madawi Alotaibi  Personality S ÑE x  trust the lint Personality is that thing develop There are three enduring components of personality 1. Cognitions: how and what we think 2. Behaviors: How we act and react 3. Affect: How and which emotions we display  Personality development through the life cycle Stages of Development when personality development occurs. Infancy= symbiotic stage: trust develops in an unconditionally loving WE relationship with the caregiver. Preschool years= individuation: child develops internal psychological apirutd structure & growing sense of separateness. Childhood = develops morality & empathic feelings for others. A many growing sense of the positive self-concept. Preadolescence= intimate relationship with friend of same gender. i  Personality development through the life cycle EEE Adolescence= develops a dependent relationship with a person of the opposite gender and begins asserting independence from parents. Ends when a person is self-sufficient. Young Adulthood= independent decision making, marriage, new corner family, occupational plans & career. Middle Adulthood= parenting, adult friendships, fostering independence in others, self-reliance, freedom to pursue new activities. Late adulthood= aging, death of parents, loss of occupation, retirement, death of spouse & friends.  Factors influence the development of personality Biological (e.g., temperament) Developmental (secure vs insecure) Social Cultural (values and norms) Environment (family dynamics, socioeconomic status, and school setting) Psychological stressor (trauma and ongoing conflict)  Personality Disorder Just chat instnt.fi er “A personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience, cognitions, and behaviors that deviates markedly from the expectations of individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence, is stable over time and leads to distress and impairment” DSM V (2013)  Three clusters of personality disorders Cluster A (Odd and eccentric) Cluster B (Dramatic and Erratic) Cluster C (Anxious and Fearful)  Cluster A ( odd and eccentric) 1.Paranoid Personality Disorder Likiller make 2.Schizoid Personality Disorder 3.Schizotypal Personality Disorder  Paranoid Personality Disorder (cluster A)    Distrustful & suspicious. Bears grudges. Jealous, envious, hypersensitive. E ÉE  Hyper-vigilant (abnormally careful about security, ideas of reference).  Restricted affect, controlling.  Projection (blaming others for their own wrongs).  Often racist.  Case study David, a 42-year-old accountant, presents to therapy feeling constantly suspicious and distrustful of others. He believes his colleagues are plotting against him and that his neighbors are spying on him. These suspicions significantly impact his work relationships and social life. Background Information: David has a history of strained relationships with friends and family. He often interprets neutral interactions as hidden criticisms or threats. He has difficulty maintaining jobs due to his distrust of authority figures and suspicion of coworkers. Diagnostic Impression: Based on the criteria outlined in the DSM-5, the therapist diagnoses David with Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD). PPD is characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspicion of others that is unwarranted by their actual behavior or intentions. People with PPD often believe they are being exploited, harmed, or deceived by others.  Schizoid Personality Disorder (Cluster A) 1. Loners. 2. Odd thoughts, perception, and speech. 3. Aloof, no social involvement. 4. Indifferent to praise or criticism. mash em 5. Bouts of mini psychosis. Imb 6. Cognitive impairment.  Case study Amelia, a 30-year-old librarian, seeks therapy due to feeling isolated and alone. She describes having little interest in forming close relationships and prefers solitary activities. While she holds a steady job, she avoids social interactions with colleagues as much as possible. Background Information: Amelia has always been a loner. She has a few casual acquaintances but no close friends or romantic relationships. She describes her childhood as emotionally distant, with limited social interaction with peers or family members. Diagnostic Impression: Based on Amelia's pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships, her emotional coldness, and her preference for solitary activities, the therapist diagnoses Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD). SPD is a personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a preference for solitude, and a restricted range of emotional expression.  Schizotypal Personality Disorder (Cluster A) 1.Odd and strange speech odd clothes 2.Bizarre fantasies and behaviors 3.Magical thinking 4.Ideas of reference 5.Unusual beliefs 6.Fortune tellers  Case study Daniel, a 25-year-old computer programmer, seeks therapy due to social isolation and unusual beliefs. He reports feeling uncomfortable in social situations and experiences anxiety around others. He also describes having magical thinking and occasional auditory hallucinations. Background Information: Daniel has always been a loner. He prefers spending time alone and has difficulty connecting with others. He has very few friends and often feels misunderstood. In recent months, he has become increasingly withdrawn and preoccupied with unusual ideas, such as believing he can telepathically communicate with animals. Diagnostic Impression: Based on Daniel's social isolation, odd beliefs, and occasional hallucinations, the therapist diagnoses Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD). STPD is a personality disorder characterized by a pattern of social withdrawal, odd beliefs and perceptions, and a restricted range of emotional expression.  Cluster B (Dramatic and Erratic) extreme Tintin psychopathy 1.Anti-social Personality Disorder. 2.Borderline Personality Disorder. 3.Histrionic Personality Disorder. 4.Narcissistic Personality Disorder.  Anti-Social Personality Disorder (cluster B) Disregard for the rights of others. METEENEY Instant Gratification. No remorse. Lying, stealing, revengeful attitude. Cruelty to animals. Fire setting, Substance abuse. Criminal Behaviors. *Individuals who have these same symptoms, but are under the age of 18 are classified as having Conduct Disorder Anti-social Personality Disorder  Case study crafters Mark, a 35-year-inmate, is referred for therapy due to repeated criminal behavior and disregard for the law. He has a history of violence, manipulation, and lying. Mark expresses little remorse for his actions and blames others for his circumstances. Background Information: Mark has a long criminal history starting in his teenage years. He has been incarcerated multiple times for assault, theft, and fraud. Reports indicate a troubled childhood with a history of neglect and abuse. Mark dropped out of school early and never held a steady job. Diagnostic Impression: Based on Mark's pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others, manipulative behavior, and lack of remorse, the therapist diagnoses Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). ASPD is characterized by a pattern of impulsive and reckless behavior, a disregard for social norms and the law, and a lack of empathy for others  Borderline Personality Disorder Er are WEEEY Unstable or impulsive on eating, sexual activities, or spending. Unstable personal relationships. Clinging, demanding, controlling. Difficulty in being alone, mood swings. Explosive anger, self-harm. Mini psychosis, eating disorder. Projection, suicidal. FEE of  Case study off Sarah, a 27-year-old artist, presents to therapy due to intense mood swings, unstable relationships, and impulsive behaviors. She describes feeling very attached to some people and then suddenly angry and distant towards them. She reports self- harming behaviors and suicidal ideation when feeling overwhelmed. Background Information: Sarah has a history of turbulent relationships. She becomes intensely attached to friends or romantic partners but quickly feels abandoned or rejected, leading to explosive arguments and breakups. She has a history of impulsive decisions, including risky sexual behavior and substance abuse. Diagnostic Impression: Based on Sarah's pattern of unstable relationships, impulsive behaviors, emotional dysregulation, and self-harm, the therapist diagnoses Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). BPD is a personality disorder characterized by emotional instability, intense and stormy relationships, impulsive actions, and a distorted self-image.  Histrionic Personality Disorder (cluster B) Needs to be the center of attention. are Seductive behaviors. Shallow emotional expressions. Dramatic, theatrical. Focused on physical appearance  Case study Olivia, a 32-year-old marketing manager, seeks therapy due to feeling unappreciated and overlooked at work. She describes a pattern of needing to be the center of attention and feeling devastated when she's not. She often uses dramatic displays of emotion and theatricality to get attention from colleagues and friends. Background Information: Olivia has a history of needing to be the center of attention in social situations. She tends to dress flamboyantly and flirt excessively, even in inappropriate settings. Relationships are often short-lived as her need for constant attention becomes overwhelming for others. Diagnostic Impression: Based on Olivia's pervasive need for attention, her dramatic emotional expression, and her tendency to manipulate situations to be the center of focus, the therapist diagnoses Olivia with Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD). HPD is a personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality, a constant need for attention, , and a tendency to theatrical behavior.  Narcissistic Personality Disorder (Cluster B) Grandiose Self Importance. Unlimited fantasies of power, wealth, brilliance, and beauty. Feels special or unique. Associates with people of high status. Demands admiration and special treatment. Able to break laws, sometimes act like anti-social personalities. Exploitive. Lacks empathy. Envious. Arrogant.  Case study Ethan, a 45-year-old CEO, comes to therapy due to increasing conflicts with colleagues and struggling to maintain personal relationships. He describes feeling misunderstood and underappreciated by others, believing he deserves special treatment and admiration. These attitudes create friction in his work environment and lead to breakups with romantic partners. Background Information: Ethan has a history of strained relationships. He tends to view others as inferior and expects constant praise and admiration. He has difficulty accepting criticism and reacts angrily to any perceived slight. While successful in his career, his arrogance and lack of empathy make it difficult for him to work effectively with others. Diagnostic Impression: Based on Ethan's inflated sense of self-importance, his need for excessive admiration, and his lack of empathy for others, the therapist diagnoses Ethan with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD). NPD is a personality disorder characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a deep need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others.  Cluster C (Anxious and Fearful) Avoidant Personality Disorder. Dependent personality disorder. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.  (Cluster C) Avoidant Personality Disorder Social inhibition. Fear of close relationships. Anxious, lonely, fearful of criticism or rejection. Views themselves as socially foolish, and reluctant to take risks.  Case study Maya, a 21-year-old college student, seeks therapy due to intense social anxiety and fear of rejection. She describes feeling extremely self-conscious and avoids social situations whenever possible. This fear significantly impacts her academic and personal life, as she avoids group projects, presentations, and social gatherings. need intonation Background Information: Maya has always been shy and withdrawn. She has a small group of close friends from childhood but avoids making new connections. She is a good student but struggles in classes that require presentations or group work. The fear of judgment and potential rejection paralyzes her in social situations. Diagnostic Impression: Based on Maya's pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and a hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, the therapist diagnoses Maya with Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD). AVPD is characterized by a significant fear of social situations due to an overwhelming fear of being disliked, embarrassed, or rejected.  (Cluster C) Dependent Personality Disorder Difficulty in decision-making. Very low self-esteem Seeks excessive advice and reassurance. Difficulty in expressing disagreement. Fear of having to take care of self. Excessive lengths to obtain nurturance. Feels uncomfortable when alone.  Case study Emily, a 30-year-old administrative assistant, seeks therapy due to intense anxiety and fear of being alone. She describes feeling helpless and incapable of taking care of herself. She relies heavily on her boyfriend, Mark, for all decisions and feels immense anxiety if they are apart for even short periods. Background Information: Emily has a history of relying on others for guidance and support. She struggles to make decisions on her own, even for simple tasks. She has had few close friends and has relied on romantic partners to fulfill all her social and emotional needs. Previous relationships ended badly, leaving Emily feeling devastated and alone. Diagnostic Impression: Based on Emily's pervasive need to be taken care of, her fear of being alone, and her submissive and clinging behaviors in relationships, the therapist diagnoses Emily with Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD). DPD is characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of and a fear of separation, leading to dependent and submissive behaviors in relationships.  Obsessive-compulsive Personality disorder (Cluster C) Pre-occupied with details, rules, lists, and other. 13s Perfectionism. Over-conscientious and inflexible. getover Reluctant to delegate (entrust a task or responsibility to another person, typically one who is less senior than oneself). VS OCPD Miserly spending. CM IEEE s Rigid and stubborn. em EE  seated perfection Obsessive-compulsive Personality disorder vs Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)  Case study David, a 40-year-old accountant, presents to therapy due to extreme perfectionism and difficulty completing tasks because they never meet his high standards. He spends excessive time organizing and re-organizing his work and home environment, causing significant distress and impacting his productivity and relationships. Background Information: David has always been a meticulous person. He has very high standards for himself and others, which often leads to frustration and conflict. He has difficulty delegating tasks because he doesn't believe anyone can do them as well as he can. This perfectionism spills over into his personal life, causing arguments with his wife and children who feel constantly criticized. Diagnostic Impression: Based on David's pervasive need for orderliness, perfectionism, and excessive control that interferes with daily life and flexibility, the therapist diagnoses David with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). OCPD is characterized by a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency  Gender difference Paranoid and schizoid PD (more men). Antisocial and Narcissistic PD (more men). Avoidant and dependent PD (more women). Histrionic PD (more women). Borderline (equally common).  GUESS THE PERSONALITY DISORDERS paranoid schem din line agressit mid antisocial die schantment avoider schwa GUESS THE PERSONALITY DISORDERS Any Questions? Thank you!