Periodic Trends Study Sheet PDF

Name: Class: Date: References /cbook/ck-12-chemistry-flexbook-2.0/section/6.17/primary/lesson/periodic-trends-ionization-energy-chem/. (2022, 4 25). Retrieved from flexbooks.ck12.org: https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-c...

Name: Class: Date: References /cbook/ck-12-chemistry-flexbook-2.0/section/6.17/primary/lesson/periodic-trends-ionization-energy-chem/. (2022, 4 25). Retrieved from flexbooks.ck12.org: https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-chemistry-flexbook- 2.0/section/6.17/primary/lesson/periodic-trends-ionization-energy-chem/ /electronegativity-chart-trends/#:~:text=Eletronegativity%20Trends,increasing%20size%20of%20the%20atoms. (n.d.). Retrieved from /chemistrytalk.org/: https://chemistrytalk.org/electronegativity-chart- trends/#:~:text=Eletronegativity%20Trends,increasing%20size%20of%20the%20atoms. Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemis try/Periodic_Trends_of_Elemental_Properties/Periodic_Trends. (n.d.). Retrieved from chem.libretexts.org: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inor ganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Periodic_Trends_of_Elemental_Properties/Periodic_Trends Periodic Trends Trends are specific patterns that are present in the periodic table that illustrate different aspects of a certain element, including its size and its electronic properties. Major periodic trends include: electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius, melting point, and metallic character. We will explore three trends from the previous in the periodic table: 1. Electronegativity: is defined as an atom’s ability to attract or bind with electrons towards it in a chemical bond. Electronegativity measures an atom's tendency to attract and form bonds with electrons. The higher the electronegativity, the stronger an atom attracts electrons. From left to right across a period of elements, electronegativity increases. If the valence shell of an atom is less than half full, it requires less energy to lose an electron than to gain one. Conversely, if the valence shell is more than half full, it is easier to pull an electron into the valence shell than to donate one. From top to bottom down a group, electronegativity decreases. This is because atomic number increases down a group, so the energy levels increases, and thus there is an increased distance between the valence electrons and nucleus, or a greater atomic radius. (/electronegativity-chart-trends/#:~:text=Eletronegativity%20Trends,increasing%20size%20of%20the%20atoms., n.d.) 2. Ionization energy: is the energy required to remove an electron from a specific atom. Moving from left to right across the periodic table, the ionization energy for an atom increases. Because of the increasing of the atomic number from left to right, so the more protons in the nucleus, the stronger attraction of the nucleus to electrons. This stronger attraction makes it more difficult to remove electrons. Within a group, the ionization energy decreases from top to bottom as the size of the atom gets larger. 1|Page Name: Class: Date: In this situation, the atomic number increases and the number of shells also increases. Outermost electrons are far away from the nucleus and thus can be removed easily. (/cbook/ck-12-chemistry-flexbook-2.0/section/6.17/primary/lesson/periodic-trends-ionization-energy-chem/, 2022) 3. Atomic Radius Trends: Atomic size is the distance between the center of the nucleus of an atom and its outermost shell. Atomic radius decreases from left to right within a period. This is caused by the increase in the number of protons and electrons across a period. One proton has a greater effect than one electron; thus, electrons are pulled towards the nucleus, resulting in a smaller radius. Atomic radius increases from top to bottom within a group. This is caused by electron shielding. (Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Period ic_Trends_of_Elemental_Properties/Periodic_Trends, n.d.) 2|Page