PEREZ & TORRES - GROUP1 - METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH [Research Basics].pdf

Methodology of Research RESEARCH RESEARCH BASICS BASICS Understanding Methods, Designs, and Applications GROUP 1 Perez, Keizen Phil C. Torres, Ramciel TERMINOLOGIES SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SCIENTIF...

Methodology of Research RESEARCH RESEARCH BASICS BASICS Understanding Methods, Designs, and Applications GROUP 1 Perez, Keizen Phil C. Torres, Ramciel TERMINOLOGIES SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SCIENTIFIC METHOD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT  Methodology of Research WHAT IS RESEARCH? The process of research involves discovering new knowledge. According to the Code of Federal Regulations (45 CFR 46.102(d) ) concerning the protection of human subjects, research is described as: “A systematic investigation (i.e., the gathering and analysis of information) designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.” The National Academy of Sciences asserts that the aim of research is to "expand human understanding of the physical, biological, or social world beyond existing knowledge."  Methodology of Research WHAT IS RESEARCH? Definition: Research is a systematic process of discovering new information or understanding things in greater depth. Purpose: It can be about finding out things you didn’t know or uncovering knowledge that no one else has. Importance: Advancing the frontiers of knowledge, crucial in academic and professional fields, especially in Industrial Engineering.  Methodology of Research WHY LEARN RESEARCH METHODS? Research Methods: Tools and techniques used to gather, analyze, and interpret data. Practical Importance: Mastery of methods makes it possible to solve real-world problems effectively and apply academic knowledge. Real-world Application: In the workplace, research skills allow for improved processes and solutions based on evidence rather than assumptions.  Methodology of Research TYPES OF RESEARCH Qualitative: uses individuals' voices to obtain insight into why things happen. It usually involves a small group of people, with the purpose of acquiring a thorough knowledge of a problem or a person's experiences. These types of research address diverse questions, have varying numbers of participants, and can be used in cooperation.  Methodology of Research TYPES OF RESEARCH Quantitative: turns data into numbers or patterns to address specific issues. It usually involves a large number of people, with the objective of making broad generalizations or conclusions about a bigger population.  Methodology of Research BASIC STEPS OF RESEARCH The typical research process goes as follows: first, we need to identify the problem or knowledge gap, which is commonly based on community needs. Then, we review the available information and develop a hypothesis—an educated guess about what we expect to discover. Next, , we plan the study, recruit participants, and collect data. Finally, we analyzes the data and draws conclusions, which we then share to community, and the general public.  Methodology of Research DEVELOPING RESEARCH QUESTION A research question is a valuable tool for guiding your research paper, project, or thesis. It poses a specific question that you hope to address in your article. Research questions can be broad or limited, and they could change over the study process.  Methodology of Research DEVELOPING RESEARCH QUESTION A good research question should be: Focused on a single issue Specific enough to answer thoroughly in your paper Feasible to answer within the length of your paper Researchable using the resources available to you Relevant to your field of study and/or to society at large The answer to your research question develops into your thesis statement.  WRITING YOUR RESEARCH QUESTIONS CHOOSE A TOPIC You should select a study topic that interests you. This will make the research and writing process much more manageable. DO PRELIMINARY RESEARCH If you're having trouble choosing on a single topic, select the top one or two questions that catch your interest and conduct some preliminary research on them. Limit your reading to recent publications and NARROW YOUR TOPIC one or two books on the subject. This will familiarize you with the topic and how it is discussed in research. Now that you have a general understanding of the research available on your issue, you can begin to limit your emphasis. Make sure your question is specific enough to be answered properly within the length of your paper. Methodology of Research  Categorize: Organize concepts, events, or objects into defined groups or categories, which Research helps clarify relationships and patterns. Describe: Observation-based research that Applications explains what typically happens under certain circumstances (e.g., work patterns, production processes). Explain: Goes beyond describing events to uncover causes and deeper meanings, especially relevant in understanding human behavior in workplaces. Evaluate: Assess the quality or effectiveness of systems, processes, or objects. Often involves both qualitative and quantitative measures to gauge success. Methodology of Research  Compare: Identify differences or similarities between cases (e.g., comparing production techniques or business models) to understand Research variables and outcomes. Correlate: Study the relationship between two Applications variables (e.g., work conditions and productivity), to determine if changes in one affect the other. Predict: In research, predictions can be made when strong correlations between events or characteristics have been established in the past. Control: After understanding an event or situation, it's possible to influence or manage it by knowing the cause-and-effect relationships and controlling key factors. Methodology of Research  RESEARCH DESIGNS HISTORICAL DESIGN A systematic evaluation of past events to understand their impact on the present and DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN future. Often used to re-evaluate trends or find modern solutions based on historical data. Focuses on observing and documenting what naturally occurs. Used in many fields, including engineering, where norms are established through data collection (e.g., time and motion studies). CORRELATION DESIGN Analyzes relationships between variables. For example, in industrial settings, you might study how equipment upgrades correlate with worker productivity. COMPARATIVE DESIGN Compares different time periods, events, or places to understand the causes of specific outcomes. This is valuable in systems design and improvement. Methodology of Research  RESEARCH DESIGNS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Involves manipulating variables to observe SIMULATION DESIGN cause and effect (e.g., testing new materials in product designs). Controlled experiments are Creates a simplified model of a real-world process critical for validating hypotheses. (e.g., manufacturing systems) to predict outcomes and test hypotheses. Simulations are often used to explore "what-if" scenarios. EVALUATION DESIGN Involves assessing complex social or organizational systems, focusing on multiple variables like human, cultural, and economic ACTION RESEARCH factors. This is useful in project management A hands-on, real-time approach to solving or system implementation. specific problems in a particular context. Continuous feedback is collected and applied immediately to refine processes. Methodology of Research  RESEARCH DESIGNS ETHNOLOGICAL DESIGN Focuses on understanding people’s behaviors within their natural environment. In industrial FEMINIST DESIGN settings, this can apply to observing worker interactions or ergonomics in real-time. Analyzes the differences in how gender affects workplace dynamics and research outcomes. It emphasizes the role of perspective in research and can be applied to issues of equality and inclusion. CULTURAL DESIGN Involves methodologies that allows a consistent analysis of cultural texts so that they can be compared, replicated, disproved and generalized. Methodology of Research  CHOOSING YOUR RESEARCH DESIGN IDENTIFY THE RESEARCH PROBLEM Clearly define the problem you want to solve or the question you ALIGN DESIGN WITH GOALS want to answer. Choose a research design that aligns with the type of data you need and your research objectives. For example, an experimental design may be ideal for testing new engineering processes, while a descriptive design may be better for studying user behavior. COMBINATION Sometimes, combining designs is necessary. For instance, you may first use descriptive research to gather basic data, followed by experimental methods to test specific hypotheses. Methodology of Research THANK YOU REFERENCES